Name: Jhaynaiza M.
Napii Date: September 2, 2019
Subject and Section: MT 13, F Score:
DISORDERS OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
1. Arthritis – A disease commonly found in the
elderly population. Arthritis is when joints caused
by wear and tear, have lose its mobility,
sometimes accompanied with swelling and pain,
start to degenerate. It has many types, ranging
from an autoimmune response (Rheumatoid
Arthritis) to a degenerative nature
(Osteoarthritis).
2. Osteoporosis – A disease that is characterized by the
reduced mineral density of the bones. Due to the
decrease of bone density this leaves the bones
vulnerable to fractures. Osteoporosis is more
common in women than men. The intake of calcium
supplements is shown to protect and increase the
bone density of bones.
3. Osteomalacia and Rickets - Both of these diseases
are characterised by the reduced amount of calcium
and phosphorous in bones making them fragile. The
diseases are the manifestation of Vitamin D
deficiency in adults (Osteomalacia) and children
(Rickets). A poor diet, lack of exposure to sunlight,
kidney problems and hereditary diseases are the
other causes of these diseases.
4. Dislocations and Fractures – Dislocations are when
bones are forced to be in an unnatural position due to
impact or injury. Dislocated bones are either bones that
moved from their original positions or are in different
angulations. Fractures are when the continuity of a bone
is disrupted or broken. This may be caused by impacts,
injuries or even diseases. Fractures come in many type
depending on impact force and the fracture pattern of the
bone.
5. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) – Or known as Stone Man Disease is a rare bone
disease than affects one in two million people. FOP is when the muscles and connective tissues
such as the tendons and ligaments slowly turn to bone. Not only does this incapacitate the patients
suffering from FOP by inhibiting their mobility it also drastically lowers their quality of life. FOP
currently still has no treatment. Due to the rarity of the disease and the fragility of the patients,
doctors are having a difficulty studying the disease. Despite of these, scientists and researchers
have been making strides in progress for creating a treatment to deal with this disease.
DISORDERS OF THE
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
1. Sprain and Strain – very common muscular
conditions, where the two are often confused with each
other. Sprain is when the ligament is injured and the
joint is twisted but no bone dislocation occurs. They
can be mild to severe, accompanied by swelling and
pain. Sprains are considered severe when the affected
body part becomes immobile. Strain on the other hand
is less severe than sprain.
2. Muscular Dystrophy – A genetic disease marked
by the progressive deterioration of the muscles.
Those afflicted with the disease slowly lose the
ability of walk, make hand gestures and more as
they grow older. The most common form of the
disease is the Duchenne muscular dystrophy. It
only affects males, it typically manifest between
ages 2 – 6 and the afflicted usually live up to their
teens and early 20s.
3. Myasthenia gravis – an autoimmune disease where the antibodies produced by the body
interfere with the nerves leading to reduced ability in generating muscle contractions. Facial
and neck muscles are often the most and most obliviously affected. Common manifestation of
the disease is droopy eyelids, double vision, general fatigue and even difficulty swallowing.
Myasthenia gravis is the not the actual paralysis of the muscles but rather the rapid fatiguing
of the muscles.
4. Rotator Cuff Tear – This is when
the tendons of the muscle surrounding the shoulder joint have tears due to hard and fast
movements that utilize shoulder movements such as tennis and basketball. The tearing of this
tendon can lead to pain and decreased mobility of the joint. In severe cases surgery might be
needed to repair the torn
tendon.
5.Lupus erythematosus – This is an
autoimmune disease where the body
produces antibodies that attacks a variety
of body organs, especially the connective
tissues of the skin and joints. Mild Lupus
may be characterized a distinct butterfly
shaped rash over the nose and cheeks.
While Severe or Systemic Lupus involves the inflammation of multiple organs such as the
heart, lungs or kidneys.
Sources:
https://www.dmu.edu/medterms/musculoskeletal-system/musculoskeletal-system-diseases/
https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/locomotion-and-movement/disorders-of-muscular-and-skeletal-
system/
https://www.rarediseasereview.org/publications/2017/1/9/stone-man-syndrome-turning-into-a-living-
statue
