IEJME — MATHEMATICS EDUCATION
2016, VOL. 11, NO. 5, 1163-1174
OPEN ACCESS Article number: mathedu.2016.0103
Main Directions of Creating a Favorable Learning
Environment and Labor Protection in the Interest of
Enhancing health of the Personnel and Students in
Education Foundation
Mikhail V. Vinichenkoa, Elena V. Frolovaa, Alexander N. Maloletkoa,
Valery V. Bondaletova, Olga V. Rogacha
aRussian State Social University, RUSSIA.
ABSTRACT
The research relevance consists in the necessity of theoretical and methodological supply
for creating favorable learning environment and labor protection in Education
Foundations. Therefore, this article is aimed at the forming an effective system to create
favorable conditions for training and safety in order to improve the health of employees
and students of the Russian State Social University (RSSU). The leading approach to the
study of this problem is the systematic, which to review all the elements of a system
fully, from different angles, analyze and draw reasoned conclusions. The article presents
the most effective measures aimed at creating favorable conditions for learning in
education foundations, reveals the sanitary-hygienic, psycho-physiological, socio-cultural
and infrastructural subsystems, identifies problem areas in these subsystems and the
system as a whole, proves the main directions of formation of the learning environment
and safety in order to improve health of workers and students in educational institutions.
Article Submissions are certain practical significance for all educational institutions,
conducting reforms, both in Russia and abroad.
KEYWORDS ARTICLE HISTORY
Favorable learning environment; labor Received 15 February 2016
protection; staff; students and the effectiveness Revised 10 November 2016
Accepted 22 June 2016
Introduction
Significance of the problem
Nowadays, the focus of government reforms aims at further state-building and
economical and social development of the Russian Federation are based
expansion of scientific, technical and human resources, and, therefore, are
focused on a modern High School (Zaitseva et al., 2015; Olkhovaya et al., 2016).
The undeniable role of higher education in maintaining these processes in a
CORRESPONDENCE Mikhail V. Vinichenko [email protected]
© 2016 Vinichenko et al. Open Access terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) apply. The license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, on the condition that users give exact credit to the original author(s) and the source,
provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if they made any changes.
1164 M. V. VINICHENKO ET AL.
favorable state, actualizes the need to find new strategies and mechanisms for
ensuring educational organizations the appropriate conditions and safety in
order to improve the health of both workers and students.
Creating favorable working conditions is one of the strategic directions of
individual organizations and social policy of the state as a whole (Bondaletov et
al, 2014) The economic crisis, the high tax burden on businesses, the lack of high
quality staff, lack of access to basic social benefits and services to citizens
determine the need for new strategies and mechanisms to guarantee favorable
working conditions, development of personnel potential of employees, creating
an effective system of motivation (Frolova, 2014; Kryukova et al., 2014;
Vinogradova et al., 2015; Zaitseva, Goncharova & Androsenko, 2016).
The starting point of this work is the conclusion that the system of labor
protection, which assumes the realization of the basic directions of creating of
favorable conditions for teaching and labor activity of workers in Education
Foundation, has a significant impact on the health of both teachers and students
and is one of the leading factors in guaranteeing a high quality of education at
the university.
The task of Educational Foundation management is to maintain the
physical, emotional and psychological health of employees and students in the
educational organization by creating favorable learning environment and labor
protection. This involves the optimization of the basic elements of labor
protection and health, to which we attribute a number of sanitary and hygienic
requirements and rules governing external subject environment: air ventilation,
lighting, cleanliness of premises, etc.; elements of psychological and
physiological nature, caused by maintenance work and, as a consequence, a
variety of physical and emotional stress; elements that characterize the
relationship between workers, the moral and psychological climate in the team
and the overall level of social tension; as well as the infrastructure of the
university profile.
Literature Review
It should be noted that various researches of both native and foreign scientists
are focused on searching for effective ways to smooth the problems, existing in
the sphere of labor protection in Education Foundation, and to create favorable
studying environment in order to protect the health of teachers and students.
Common questions concerning functioning and development of High School
in modern conditions are considered in A.V. Kirillov et al. (2015), W. Feinberg et
al. (2012) I.Yu. Ilina et al. (2015); O.Y. Bakhtina et al. (2015). Including
activities in this issue of government (Makushkin et al., 2016).
Issues related to the favorable working conditions are considered in the
works of scholars such as S.W. Amy & M. Blair-Loy (2002), J. Misra and K.
Walters (2016). The methodological and theoretical analysis of working
conditions in the context of the use of health-technology held in the works of
foreign authors such as: R.S. Guglielmi & K. Tatrow (1998), X.J. Li (1991), C.
Johnson et al., (2003). A number of studies focus on the correlation of social
conditions and health of workers trained in Education Foundation (Waterson,
1946; Miglioretti et al, 2013.).
The works of the Russian scientists, revealing the issues of protection of
students’ health during their studies at the university and the formation of the
IEJME - MATHEMATICS EDUCATION 1165
youth health-behavior, in particular the work of O.E. Artamonova (2011), I.S.
Vyalov (2011), J.V. Puzanov & I.S. Vyalov (2014) are very interesting. As well as
the use of gamification in the development of motivation for the creation of
favorable living conditions (Vinichenko et al, 2016).
A special place is occupied by the leading Russian scientists, revealing the
theoretical and practical problems in labor protection management: V.D. Roic
(2007), N.R. Abramov (2008), A.M. Elin (2010) and A.F. Zubkov (2005).
Materials and Methods
In order to determine the position of employees and students of Education
Foundation concerning current conditions of the system of labor protection and
training, and to identify prospective areas for its improvement in order to
protect the health of teachers and students by a team of scientific methods of
research our science group comprehensively used experimental and research
activities, grounded on comparative techniques, visual and system analysis, as
well as content analysis of documents. The use of visual and systems analysis in
the study allowed us to grade materials by groups of respondents and made it
possible to determine the degree of satisfaction of teachers and students with
studying conditions and labor and health in order to improve the health of
workers and students in educational institutions throughout the study period.
Used by a team of such sociological methods as surveys conducted in the form of
interviews and questionnaires, and observation to the discovery of the position of
teachers and learners on the social and labor phenomena associated with the
problem of creating an enabling, safe working conditions and training for the
four profiles: sanitary-hygienic, psycho-physiological, socio-cultural and
infrastructure.
Statistical methods were used to analyze the data in order to give reasoned
justification to main directions of creating of the learning environment and labor
protection in the interest of improving the health of workers and students in
Education foundation.
The study was conducted in March-May 2016. For monitoring and
evaluation activities in the course of the study involved staff appropriately
qualified experts, experts in the field of (guard value) of favorable conditions of
work and training in order to preserve the health of workers and university
students. The structure of the study groups included teachers of the Faculty of
Management and Faculty of Sociology (35 respondents), final year students (140
respondents), enrolled in the areas of training state and municipal management,
conflict management, human resources management. Students assessed
learning environment using a questionnaire. The study also used the method of
observation.
Results
Analysis of the existing system of labor protection and training of workers,
students of the Education Foundation of higher education, leads to the
conclusion that the indicators characterizing the hygienic profile, assessed by
RSSU employees the predominantly high. We can assume that such high marks
in this area of labor protection are due to the stringent regulations of hygienic
requirements in state and sanitary standards.
1166 M. V. VINICHENKO ET AL.
According to the results, 85.2% of respondents assess the overall audience
as satisfactory. The respondents were asked to give complex assess to lecture
halls state on a 5-point scale and the following results were obtained:
"Illumination audiences" and "state of the air environment" occupied two top
places in the rank of favorable conditions. Concerning "temperature" the
respondents have a number of comments. In particular, respondents noted that
"the lecture rooms, facing the sunny side, very hot and stuffy" (12.7%); and
"angular rooms does not go on the sunny side, or the audience, located on the
first floor, have a very low temperatures during the onset (or end) of the heating
season," (14.2% of respondents).
According to the questionnaire results teachers and students have a
number of comments to "the cleanliness of the premises" (23.2%), but the noted
deficiencies have not influenced on the overall assessment of this option.
Drawing attention to the "organization of the workplace" in the Russian
State Social University, we can state a positive trend (in comparison with 2015
this parameter grew by 15.2%). This is because the university administration
has set the course to all round (audience for streaming lectures, the audience for
individual lessons, and the department and computer classes) equipping
workplaces with the last word of technology. Modern technologies of lectures and
seminars require the use of multimedia equipment the access to which is not
limited during working hours as 63.6% of employees consider. The remaining
36.4% of the teachers have noted the need to coordinate their "work
requirements" to the use of various means with colleagues.
Particularly teachers highly appreciated the room equipped specially for
them. Specifically, the teaching RSSU staff has recreation room, which was
organized to fully satisfy the need for teachers in "keeping the workplace
training documentation," "favorable atmosphere for rest and preparation for the
training sessions," "storage of personal belongings" (for the sake of that
individual lockers were installed), and so forth.
Thus, minor notes made by the respondents do not reduce the positive
assessment of the sanitary and hygienic profile of labor protection and training
at the university (Figure 1.).
Figure 1. Results of the analysis of a state and the maintenance of educational audiences
and cases
IEJME - MATHEMATICS EDUCATION 1167
Concerning the review of the survey on the psychophysiological profile of
labor protection and training of workers and students of the Education
Foundation, it should be noted that not all of the components of this profile have
clear grounds for the determination and establishment of standards. This
applies particularly to the quantities of nerve, mental and emotional stress.
As a consequence of the survey the following conclusions were made. As an
essential factor that has a negative impact on the state of health the teachers in
varying degrees marked high intensity of labor activity. According to teachers,
this factor is caused by the large volume and the uneven distribution of teaching
work during the school year. Fair to say that one of the major conditions of
teacher work is "comfortable" training schedule, which would provide the
employee the opportunity to carry out their professional activities at a high
level, including through participation in scientific projects, grants, conferences,
guide student groups, etc. P. However, the vast majority of respondents (51.2%)
are not satisfied with their work schedule or partially satisfied.
Indeed, every teacher, based on his or her personal plans for the working
week, has its own idea of the rationalization of schedules, while taking into
account the views of each today is not possible. 80% of teachers noted very high
load on the body, caused by the peculiarities of their work. Undoubtedly, high
voice load (43.9%), psychological and emotional stress (63.5% and 64.1%,
respectively) experienced by teachers in the course of their professional duties,
lead to deterioration of physical health and mental and emotional state of
workers, provoking the likelihood of their "professional burnout". This possibility
is noted by 68.4% of respondents.
Another negative feature of the professional work of teachers, according to
29.7% of the respondents, are the "permanent contacts with a large number of
people", that increases the level of stress experienced by the employee. A further
aspect of the negative nature of this issue is the significant increase of danger to
get ill during epidemics of influenza.
It should be noted that the high level of stress is marked not only by
teachers, but also by students. Despite the fact that, the students generally
evaluated the conditions of study as favorable, on their opinion, the
disadvantages inherent in the organization and guaranteeing of labor protection
and health of students, increase the influence of negative environmental factors
on the psycho-emotional and physical health (34.2%) students.
The analysis of the study results allows us to make the conclusion that the
leading negative factor is the stress caused by the excitement felt by the
students during the preparing for examinations and passing them (30.2%),
organizational disadvantages accompany the learning process, as well as the
conflict situations in the course of solving individual issues of documentary
maintenance noted by 29.7% of respondents. In addition, as 21.8% of the
respondents note a negative impact on their health caused by poor diet and a
regular lack of sleep (19.1%). Strong physical fatigue due to the long time
required to travel to the place of study 18.6% of students are experiencing.
Working students was noted separately that the combination of study in high
school and work, also leads to the regular occurrence of stress and negative
impact on their health. However, according to 34.7% of them, a "fast rhythm"
raises the level of students' motivation to professional and personal
development, self-organization and self-management.
1168 M. V. VINICHENKO ET AL.
It is noteworthy that over the last few years, the dynamics of indicators of
health of students has stable positive trend, that is acknowledged active
administration actions aimed at creation supportive and safe learning
environment. In particular, there is decline in the proportion of students who
say about the deterioration of the learning environment (last year this figure
dropped to 8%).
Turning to the results of the survey on the socio-cultural profile of labor
protection and training of workers and students of the Education Foundation of
higher education, we should note the positive dynamics.
So over the past year the share of respondents who noted the high degree of
development of corporate culture in High school increased (5.3%). This is partly
caused by the fact that the possibility of interaction between the university
administration and with teachers and students on organizational matters
improved. It is noteworthy that in the teaching community environment a very
favorable psychological climate noted by about 69.5% of the respondents). The
most frequent conflicts are added along the following lines: "personal animosity"
- 2.4%; "In the course of solving organizational issues" - 3.9%; “Dissatisfaction by
schedule and the like" - 1.2%.
Despite ongoing reforms in higher education, a parameter characterizing
"the opportunity for professional and career growth" for teachers have not
received the expected high scores, most respondents' opinion reflects the average
range of evaluation (40.9%). Among the difficulties of the development of this
direction in labor protection in Education Foundation the respondents
highlighted the following: "employment intensity", which leaves no time for the
improvement of their professional skills and have a negative impact on the
psychological and physical state of the teachers (30.2%); excessive "paper"
burden on the teachers (34.5%); high standards of assessment of professionalism
of the teaching staff of the university (17.8%).
It is noteworthy that 87.3% of respondents gave a high mark to the
parameter "timely and full payment of wages." In a survey it was noted that
currently in RSSU ensure transparency of work evaluating teachers on
scientometric indicators (number of publications, citation index, etc.).
In general, the majority of parameters of socio-cultural profile of
occupational safety and training workers, students of the educational
organization of higher education respondents were given high marks for their
implementation and accessibility (Fig.2.). However, the leadership of the
University is necessary to pay attention to raising awareness of teachers on
social guarantees and existing working conditions at the university, as well as
expanding the list of possibilities of tangible and intangible rewards employees
for their professional achievements.
IEJME - MATHEMATICS EDUCATION 1169
Figure 2. Results of the analysis of the social tension and conflictness in labor collectives
determined by working conditions
Turning to the research results obtained in terms of characterizing the
profile of labor protection and health infrastructure and the training of workers
and students of the Education Foundation, we may note that in this profile quite
high scores were obtained.
Thus, regarding the quality of service and availability for teachers and
students of RSSU scientific library mostly positive responses were expressed. At
the university in order to realize creative potential of youth work carries RSSU
Palace of Culture. To maintain and promote a healthy lifestyle functions RSSU
Sports harbor, which is equipped with a treadmill, stadium, ice rink, sports halls
and a swimming pool.
This figure infrastructural profile of occupational safety and training
workers, students of the educational organization of higher education as a "spa
infrastructure" also received from respondents is very high scores (86.7%).
In order to create favorable conditions for learning in order to improve the
health of students for non-resident students RSSU are accommodated in
dormitories (today they number 4) that are located in close proximity to
academic buildings and equipped gym. Job catering (dining room, cafe), who
today work in all cases RSSU also evaluated by respondents at a high level
(73.3%).
In assessing the conditions of occupational safety and training in order to
preserve the health of workers trained educational organization discontent
respondents caused the lack of medical and pharmacy items, in some cases,
which, according to respondents, very much in demand today.
However, in general we can say that the results conducted by a team of
research, employee satisfaction and training levels and content of working
conditions in RSSU estimated at a high level (Fig.3.).
1170 M. V. VINICHENKO ET AL.
Figure 3. Results of the analysis of a state and content of objects of welfare and improving
appointment
Many respondents rightly recognize great work of the management done in
the interest of teachers and students and their health. In the last academic year
2015-2016 RSSU administration carried out the following activities:
1. Organized by the passage of the mandatory annual medical examinations
of employees in accordance with the requirements of working conditions.
2. Organized support facilities (recreation room), etc. for teachers and
students.
3. Organized and conducted administrative and public control.
4. Organized and carried out at the initiative of the trade union
organization of contests on occupational safety, occupational health days, the
formation of labor protection corners, etc.
5. Organized the control of public catering (dining room, cafe).
6. tasked to address conflicts in the associate dean for educational work.
7. Organized regular monitoring of working conditions and training in order
to preserve the health of teachers and students;
8. Organized the work to develop research of the relationship of various
factors and solutions to identified problems through the study and their close
connection with the learning objectives.
Thus, we can conclude that formed the labor protection and training
management system is complete and can be characterized by a high level of
social protection of employees.
Discussions
The reforms of the High School directly affect the provision of favorable
conditions for training and safety of workers and students in educational
institutions. RSSU is not exception. In The Russian State Social University
IEJME - MATHEMATICS EDUCATION 1171
there is a continuous search for new ways to improve labor protection and
training in order to preserve the health of teachers and students.
Over the past two years we have witnessed a significant dynamics of the
leading indicators of working conditions and satisfaction of university studies.
Guidance has been achieved to create a favorable moral and psychological
climate in the team, to achieve a high level of satisfaction with the
infrastructure the profile of the university, and so on. In addition, RSSU
embarked on reducing the intensity of teacher’s workload.
As for students, they are doubly appreciated the learning environment. In
addition to the overall positive assessment of the university classroom fund, they
noted the high level of stress caused by high load (especially during the session),
the possible inconveniences planned grid scheduling and costly down the road.
Based on the results of the study, science team developed recommendations
for the creating of an effective labor protection and training management
system, including a set of interrelated and interacting elements that establish
policies and objectives in the field of labor protection and training at the
educational institution of higher education, as well as the achievement of
procedures the goals of the educational organization in a secure environment,
training and maintenance of students and employees.
In particular, it highlighted the need to regularly undertake the following
activities:
1. Monitoring and research the relationship of various factors and solutions
to identify problems through the study of their close connection with the
learning objectives.
2. Continue to work with in the field of health promotion for students and a
healthy lifestyle as a value.
3. Optimization of the academic load for students planning procedures,
including through the reduction of class hours, which will optimally combine
study and work, to reduce the level of stress experienced by the student, as well
as the favorable impact on the health of teachers and learners of the educational
organization.
4. As part of the increased attention to social and psychological factors of
working conditions (social tensions, conflicts, etc.) To hold regular sociometric
measurements.
5. Opening of the medical unit and pharmacy in all educational buildings of
the University.
Conclusion
In the course of conducted research, the science team identified a high
assessment of indicators characterizing hygienic profile of RSSU. Such working
conditions as the cleanliness of premises, lighting classrooms, state of the air
and so forth are mainly highly evaluated. In addition, the study showed that
respondents attach great importance to the presence of the current computer
1172 M. V. VINICHENKO ET AL.
and office equipment, which would make it possible to maintain a high level of
their professional activities.
The survey results suggest that the degree of satisfaction of teachers with
their work is closely connected with the convenience and "load" schedule,
physical and psychological stress experienced by employees in the course of their
professional tasks. The high level of emotional intensity of the daily
communication with many people, loud voice load and constant time pressure
contributes to the "professional burnout" of employees of Education foundation,
so the leadership of universities should pay special attention to the intensity of
the work of teachers.
As a consequence of the research, we revealed improvement in all indicators
of socio-cultural profile of labor protection and training of workers. The
respondents particularly noted the high level of corporate culture in High
School, lowering the level of conflict in the pedagogical collectives. Also the
science group found a high quality and availability to staff and students of
infrastructural facilities in the RSSU.
However, when assessing the conditions of labor protection and training in
the interest of preservation of the health of employees trained in the Education
Foundation we identified some problems related with the load optimization for
students and reducing the level of their stress.
Authors would like to thank the leadership of the Russian State Social
University for the opportunity to conduct a sociological study, the teaching staff
of the Department of Management and the Department of Sociology, the
students for their participation in the survey and testing, as well as for the
information about their views on the problem of creating favorable conditions for
training and labor protection for the benefit of the health of workers and
trainees in the Education Foundation.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
Notes on contributors
Mikhail V. Vinichenko is doctor of historical sciences, Professor, Russian State
Social University, Moscow, Russia.
Elena V. Frolova is doctor of sociological sciences, Professor, Russian State Social
University, Moscow, Russia.
Alexander N. Maloletko is doctor of economic sciences, associate Professor,
Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia.
Valery V. Bondaletov is PhD, associate Professor, Russian State Social
University, Moscow, Russia.
Olga V. Rogach is PhD, associate Professor, Russian State Social University,
Moscow, Russia.
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