MAPÚA UNIVERSITY

Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

EXPERIMENT NO. 1
PERFORMANCE TEST OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

9 Mahmud, Ali R. Date of Performance: 14 November, 2018

2015151413 Date of Submission: 23 November, 2018
ME152L – E01
Group No. 1

GRADE

Engr. Teodulo A. Valle

Instructor
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Objectives Page 1

Theory and Principle Page 1

List Of Apparatus Page 6

Procedure Page 7

Set-up of Apparatus Page 14

Final Data Sheet Page 14

Sample Computations Page 15

Discussion of Result Page 17

Questions and Answers Page 18

Conclusion Page 21

Reference Page 22

Preliminary Data Sheet Page 23

OBJECTIVES

1. To familiarize the researchers with the basic operation of a centrifugal pump

2. To determine the total dynamic head, water power, brake power, output capacity as well as the
pump efficiency at different speed

THEORY AND PRINCIPLE

Pump is a device that adds energy to a liquid to

move it from one point to another, usually from lower to
higher elevation. Since energy is the capacity to do work,
work is done on the liquid.

Some important definition related to fluid

machinery are defined as follows:

1. Static suction lift – the suction liquid level is

below the pump centerline. This is the
difference in elevation between the center line
of the pump and the level of the liquid in the
suction tank.
2. Static suction head – the suction liquid level is above the pump centerline. This is the
difference in elevation between the centerline of the pump and the level of the liquid in
the suction tank.
3. Static discharge head – it is the difference in elevation between the centerline of the
pump and the level of the liquid in the discharge tank.
4. Dynamic head – is the head wherein the velocity head, friction head, pressure head,
and other head losses are taken into consideration aside from the static head.

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 Centrifugal pump is a machine which the pumping action is accomplished by imparting
kinetic energy to the fluid by a high speed revolving impeller with vanes and subsequently
converting this kinetic energy into pressure energy either by passing through a volute casing or
through diffuser vanes.

The centrifugal pump is the most used pump type in the world. The principle is simple,
well-described and thoroughly tested, and the pump is robust, effective and relatively inexpensive
to produce. There is a wide range of variations based on the principle of the centrifugal pump and
consisting of the same basic hydraulic parts. Most pumps produced by Grundfos are centrifugal
pumps.

A centrifugal pump is designed to move a fluid by means of the transfer of rotational energy
from one or more driven rotors, called impellers. Fluid enters the impeller at its axis (the ‘eye’)
and exits along the circumference between the vanes. The impeller is the key component of a
centrifugal pump. It consists of a series of curved vanes. These are normally sandwiched between
two discs (an enclosed impeller). For fluids with entrained solids, an open or semi-open impeller
(backed by a single disc) The impeller, on the opposite side to the eye, is connected through a drive
shaft to a motor and rotated at high speed (typically 500-5000rpm). The rotational motion of the
impeller accelerates the fluid out through the impeller vanes into the pump casing.

Types of Pump Impeller: Open (left), Semi-enclosed (middle), and Enclosed (right)

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 PRINCIPLE OF THE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

An increase in the fluid pressure from the pump inlet to its outlet is created when the pump
is in operation. This pressure difference drives the fluid through the system or plant.

The centrifugal pump creates an increase in pressure by transferring mechanical energy

from the motor to the fluid through the rotating impeller. The fluid flows from the inlet to the
impeller center and out along its blades. The centrifugal force hereby increases the fluid velocity
and consequently also the kinetic energy is transformed to pressure. Figure below shows an
example of the fluid path through the centrifugal pump.

IMPELLER

The blades of the rotating impeller transfer energy to the fluid there by increasing pressure
and velocity. The fluid is sucked into the impeller at the impeller eye and flows through the
impeller channels formed by the blades between the shroud and hub.

The design of the impeller depends on the requirements for pressure, flow and application.
The impeller is the primary component determining the pump performance. Pumps variants are
often created only by modifying the impeller.

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 CASING

There are two basic designs of pump casing: volute and diffuser. The purpose in both
designs is to translate the fluid flow into a controlled discharge at pressure.

In a volute casing, the impeller is offset, effectively creating a curved funnel with an
increasing cross-sectional area towards the pump outlet. This design causes the fluid pressure to
increase towards the outlet.

Volute Casing Design

The same basic principle applies to diffuser designs. In this case, the fluid pressure
increases as fluid is expelled between a set of stationary vanes surrounding the impeller. Diffuser
designs can be tailored for specific applications and can therefore be more efficient. Volute cases
are better suited to applications involving entrained solids or high viscosity fluids when it is
advantageous to avoid the added constrictions of diffuser vanes. The asymmetry of the volute
design can result in greater wear on the impeller and drive shaft.

Diffuser Casing Design

Centrifugal pumps are commonly used for pumping water, solvents, organics, oils, acids,
bases and any ‘thin’ liquids in both industrial, agricultural and domestic applications. In fact, there

4
is a design of centrifugal pump suitable for virtually any application involving low viscosity fluids.
The data below shows the type of centrifugal pumps and their applications.

Type of centrifugal pump Application Features

Canned motor pump Hydrocarbons, chemicals Seal-less; impeller directly
where any leakage is not attached to the motor rotor;
permitted wetted parts contained in can
Magnetic drive pump Hydrocarbons, chemicals Seal-less; impeller driven by
where any leakage is not close coupled magnets
permitted
Chopper/grinder pump Waste water in industrial, Impeller fitted with grinding
chemical and food teeth to chop solids
processing/ sewage
Circulator pump Heating, ventilation and air Inline compact design
conditioning
Multi-stage pump High pressure applications Multiple impellers for
increased discharge pressures
Cryogenic pump Liquid natural gas, coolants Special construction materials
to tolerate low temperatures

Trash pump Draining mines, pits, Designed to pump water

construction sites containing solid debris
Slurry pump Mining, mineral processing, Designed to handle and
industrial slurries withstand highly abrasive
slurries

The following formulae will be needed for the calculations in this experiment:

• Solving for the Pump Capacity:

(𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)(𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟) Equation 1

𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
(𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦)(𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)
Or it can be determined by:
𝜋 2 Equation 2
𝐷 𝐻
𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 4
(𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)
Where:

𝐷 = 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘

𝐻 = 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘

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• Solving for Total Dynamic Head:

𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 𝐻𝐷 − 𝐻𝑆 Equation 3
Where:

𝐻𝐷 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑑

𝐻𝑆 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑑

𝑃𝐷 𝑣𝐷2 Equation 4
𝐻𝐷 = + + 𝑧𝐷
𝛾 2𝑔
𝑃𝑆 𝑣𝑆2 Equation 5
𝐻𝑆 = + + 𝑧𝑆
𝛾 2𝑔

• Solving for Water Power:

𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑄 × 𝛾 × 𝑇𝐷𝐻 Equation 6

• Solving for Power Input:

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = √3𝐸𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑠(∅) Equation 7

• Solving for Motor Brake Power:

𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 Equation 8

𝑛𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 =
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡

𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑛𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 × 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡

• Solving for Pump Brake Power:

𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 Equation 9

𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 =
𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 × 𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

• Solving for Pump Efficiency:

𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 Equation 10

𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = × 100%
𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

6
Note:

Volume flow rate is the volume of the liquid that passes through a given surface per unit time. It
is the product of the area and velocity of the liquid.

The pressure head is the height of the column of water of liquid necessary to develop a specific
pressure.

Velocity head is the square of the speed of flow of a liquid divided by twitch the acceleration of
gravity. It is equal to the static pressure head corresponding to a pressure equal to the kinetic
energy of the liquid per unit volume.

Friction head is the head lost by the flow in a stream or conduit due to frictional disturbances set
up by the moving liquid and its containing conduit and by intermolecular friction.

Total Head or Total Dynamic Head is the total energy developed by the pump expressed in
height of liquid. It is the algebraic sum of static head, pressure head, friction head, and velocity
head.

Hydraulic or water power is the theoretical power necessary to raise a given volume of liquid
from a lower to a higher elevation.

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LIST OF APPARATUS

1. Centrifugal Pump with electric motor

2. Amprobe

3. Stop Watch

4. Pressure Gauge

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5. Tachometer

6. Steel Tape

7. Steel Tank

8. Glass Gauge

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PROCEDURES

1. Prepare all the equipment and apparatuses needed in the experiment.

2. Fill up the suction tank with water from the main supply and measure the height of the water
level. This will be the elevation of the suction side.

3. Set the belt and pulley of the motor and the centrifugal pump into low speed configuration.

4. Measure the vertical distance from the pump centerline up to the center of the pressure gauge.
This will be the elevation of the discharge side which is constant throughout the trials.

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5. Measure the diameter of the pipes of the suction side and the discharge side. Measuring the
diameter of the pipe in the suction side will be optional since there is no pressure gauge in the
suction side and considering that the reference of the suction side will be based on the water surface
which is open to atmosphere.

6. Set the initial water level at zero reading thru glass gauge in the elevated discharge tank.

7. Throttle the discharge valve fully open (for trials 1 and 2). For trials 3-6, throttle the discharge
valve partly open.

8. Start the motor to drive the pump. The duration of each trial will be 60 seconds.

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9. Measure the line current of the motor using an Amprobe and the speed of the pump using a
tachometer. Also, determine the pressure reading at the discharge side.

10. After 60 seconds, turn off the motor and determine the increment in the water height so that
the pump capacity can be determined.

11. For the succeeding trials, measure the water elevation at the suction side since a certain amount
of water was transported to the discharge tank. Repeat procedure no. 8-10.

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12. After gathering all the data needed, return all the apparatuses used in the experiment and
compute for the data. Tabulate the results in the data sheet and provide calculations.

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 SET-UP OF APPARATUS

FINAL DATA SHEET

Trial Discharge Pump Line Water Pump Total Power Water Motor Pump Pump
Pressure Speed Current Height Capacity Dynamic Input Power Brake Brake Efficiency
(psi) (rpm) (A) (in) (ft3/min) Head (ft) (HP) (HP) Power Power (%)
(HP) (HP)
1 14 1192 11.005 11.5 8.1224 34.078 4.4970 0.5220 3.8225 3.4402 15.17
2 16 1234 10.82 8 5.6503 38.169 4.4214 0.4074 3.75823 3.3824 12.04
3 20 1533 13.66 15 10.5944 51.5396 5.5819 1.03154 4.7447 4.2702 24.15
4 22 1539 13.375 12.25 8.6521 53.047 5.4655 0.8670 4.6457 4.1811 20.74
5 25 1728 16.865 16.5 11.6538 63.8767 6.8916 1.4063 5.2721 5.2721 26.67
6 28 1748 17 14.75 10.4178 69.4839 6.9468 1.3675 5.3143 5.3143 25.73

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SAMPLE COMPUTATIONS

TRIAL 1

• Solving for Pump Capacity:

𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 1 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ = 20 𝑘𝑔
20𝑘𝑔 2.204 𝑙𝑏
(𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡)(𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟) (11.5 𝑖𝑛) ( 1𝑖𝑛 . 𝑘𝑔 )
𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = =
(𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦)(𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒) 𝑘𝑔
(62.4 3 ) (60𝑠)
𝑚

𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 8.1224 𝑓𝑡 3 /𝑚𝑖𝑛

• Solving for Total Dynamic Head:

𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 𝐻𝐷 − 𝐻𝑆

𝑃𝐷 𝑣𝐷2
𝐻𝐷 = + + 𝑧𝐷
𝛾 2𝑔
𝑃𝐷 14 𝑝𝑠𝑖 12𝑖𝑛 2
= ( )
𝛾 𝑙𝑏𝑓 1𝑓𝑡
62.34 3
𝑓𝑡

1 𝜋 2 𝜋 1 2
1𝑓𝑡 2
𝑑𝐷 = 1 𝑖𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠; 𝐴 = 𝑑𝐷 = (1 𝑖𝑛) ( ) = 0.01 𝑓𝑡 2
2 4 4 2 12𝑖𝑛

𝑓𝑡 3
𝑄 4.76 min 1𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑡
𝑄 = 𝐴𝑣𝐷 → 𝑣𝐷 = = ( ) = 7.93
𝐴 0.01 𝑓𝑡 2 60𝑠 𝑠

1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 2
8.1224 𝑓𝑝𝑚 ∗ 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐
( )
0.01 𝑓𝑡 2
𝑣𝐷2
=
2𝑔 𝑓𝑡
(2) (32.2 )
𝑠2

1𝑓𝑡
𝑧𝐷 = 34𝑖𝑛 × ( )
12𝑖𝑛

𝑃𝐷 𝑣𝐷2
𝐻𝐷 = + + 𝑧𝐷 = 38.0178 𝑓𝑡
𝛾 2𝑔

𝑃𝑆 𝑣𝑆2 𝑃𝑆
𝐻𝑆 = + + 𝑧𝑆 ; = 0 𝑓𝑡 (𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒, 0 𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒);
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾

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 𝑣𝑆2
= 0𝑓𝑡 (𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)
2𝑔

1𝑓𝑡
𝑇ℎ𝑢𝑠, 𝐻𝑆 = 𝑧𝑆 = 48 𝑖𝑛 × ( ) = 4𝑓𝑡
12𝑖𝑛
𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 𝐻𝐷 − 𝐻𝑆 = 38.0178 − 4 𝑓𝑡 = 34.0178 𝑓𝑡

• Solving for Power Input:

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = √3𝐸𝐼𝑐𝑜𝑠(∅) = √3(220𝑉)(11.005)(0.8)

1𝑘𝑊 1𝐻𝑃
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 3354.7746𝑊 × ( )×( ) = 4.49 𝐻𝑃
1000𝑊 0.746𝑘𝑊

• Solving for Water Power:

𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑄 × 𝛾 × 𝑇𝐷𝐻 × 𝑆. 𝐺.

𝑓𝑡 3 𝑙𝑏𝑓
(8.1224 𝑚𝑖𝑛) (62.34 3 ) (34.0178 𝑓𝑡)(1)
𝑓𝑡
𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = = 0.5220 𝐻𝑃
𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏𝑓
33000 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛 − 𝐻𝑃

• Solving for Motor Brake Power:

𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝑛𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 = → 0.85 =
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 4.49 𝐻𝑃

𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 3.82 𝐻𝑃

• Solving for Pump Brake Power:

𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠 = → 0.90 =
𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 3.82 𝐻𝑃
𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝐵𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 3.44 𝐻𝑃

• Solving for Pump Efficiency:

𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 0.52 𝐻𝑃

𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = × 100% = × 100% = 15.17%
𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 3.44 𝐻𝑃

16
DISCUSSION OF RESULT

The researcher determined the variables that affect the efficiency of the centrifugal pump.
These variables include the total dynamic head and the pump capacity. The water power produced
by the centrifugal pump was merely affected by the said variables. The setting of the centrifugal
pump is low which means the power input and the pump speed is quite low compared to medium
and high setting. The researcher observed that the pump speed decreases throughout the trial while
the discharge pressure increases. The line current varies significantly throughout the trials. The
first two trials have the discharge valve fully opened while trials 3-6 was set to be partly-opened
which was instructed by the instructor during the performance test of the centrifugal pump. The
line current was measured, and the value is close to 10 A.

The water height, which was measured through a glass gauge, is a factor for the
determination of pump capacity. Thus, both the water height and the pump capacity decreases
throughout the trial. The total dynamic head was the main concern of the researchers and it is the
main factor for the determination of pump efficiency. The total dynamic head, from fluid
mechanics, was affected by the three heads namely pressure head, velocity head, and the elevation
head. At the suction side, the water tank was open to atmosphere so the only considerable head in
the suction side is the elevation head which is altered every trial, neglecting friction head losses.
For the discharge side, the value of the elevation head is constant throughout the trials since there
is a pressure gauge connected to the discharge pipe. The pressure head was determined using the
pressure reading at the pressure gauge, while the velocity head was determined by finding the
velocity of the water at the discharge side and since the researcher has obtained a value for pump
capacity as well as the diameter of the pipe, the researcher can utilize the continuity equation. The
friction head losses is still neglected in the discharge side. The researcher come up with the total
dynamic head by simply deducting the discharge head by the suction head.

As a result, the researcher obtained a value for pump efficiency which ranges from 12% -
27%, as performed by the researcher. The data shows that the efficiency of the centrifugal pump
located at ME laboratory of Mapua University is quite far from the average efficiency of a
centrifugal pump (50% - 70%). There are some conditions that tend to decrease the efficiency of
a centrifugal pump such as Heat generated due to packing, rubbing between wear rings and
maintaining impeller clearances, recirculation using a bypass line from the discharge of the pump
to the suction, double volute design, throttled discharge valve, corroded internal pump passages
that cause fluid turbulence, obstacles, hindrances or any sort of restrictions inside the piping
passages which might include a foreign particles, or dirt and over lubricated bearings.

17
QUESTION AND ANSWERS

1. A centrifugal pump delivers 80 liters per second of water on test suction gauge reads 10 mmHg
vacuum and 1.2 m below the pump centerline. Power Input is 70 kW. Find the total dynamic head
in meters. Assume ideal pump operations.

𝑃 = 𝑄 × 𝛾 × 𝑇𝐷𝐻

𝐿 1𝑚3 𝑘𝑁
70 𝑘𝑊 = (80 ) ( ) (9.81 3 ) (𝑇𝐷𝐻)
𝑠 1000𝐿 𝑚

𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 89.19 𝑚

2. A centrifugal pump delivers 300000 liters per hour of water to a pressurized tank whose pressure
is 280 kPa. The source of water is 5 meters below the pump. The diameter of the suction pipe is
300 mm and the discharge pipe is 250 mm. Calculate the kW rating of the driving motor assuming
the pump efficiency to be 80%.

𝑃𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 = (𝛾 × 𝑄 × 𝑇𝐷𝐻)/(𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 )

𝑃𝐷 𝑣𝐷2 𝑃𝑆 𝑣𝑆2
𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 𝐻𝐷 − 𝐻𝑆 = + + 𝑧𝐷 − ( + + 𝑧𝑆 )
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔

𝐿 1𝑚3 1ℎ𝑟
𝑄 (300,000 ) (1000𝐿 ) (3600𝑠 ) 𝑚
ℎ𝑟
𝑣𝐷 = = 𝜋 = 1.70
𝐴𝐷 (0.25𝑚)2 𝑠
4
𝐿 1𝑚3 1ℎ𝑟
𝑄 (300,000 ) (1000𝐿) (3600𝑠 ) 𝑚
ℎ𝑟
𝑣𝑆 = = 𝜋 = 1.18
𝐴𝑆 (0.30𝑚)2 𝑠
4
𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒;

𝑘𝑁 𝑘𝑁 𝑚 2 𝑚 2
280 − 0 (1.70 ) − (1.18
𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 𝑚2 𝑚2 + 𝑠 𝑠 ) + 5𝑚 − 0𝑚 = 33.62 𝑚
𝑘𝑁 𝑚
9.81 3 2 (9.81 2 )
𝑚 𝑠

𝑘𝑁 𝐿 1𝑚3 1ℎ𝑟
(9.81 3 ) (300,000 ) (1000𝐿) (3600𝑠) (33.62𝑚)
𝑚 ℎ𝑟
𝑃𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 = = 34.36 𝑘𝑊
0.8
3. A centrifugal pump is powered by a direct drive induction motor is needed to discharge 150
gal/min against a total head of 180 ft when turning at fully loaded speed of 3500 rpm. Determine
the type of pump that must be selected.

18
 𝑁√𝑄 (3500)√150
𝑁𝑠 = 3 = 3 = 872.29 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝐻4 (180)4

∴ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓

800 − 2800 𝑟𝑝𝑚, 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑚𝑢𝑠𝑡 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤.

4. A submersible, multi-stage, centrifugal pump with a capacity of 260 gpm was installed in a well
27 ft below the static water level. Drawdown when pumping at rated capacity is 10 ft. The pump
delivers that water into a 25,000 gallons capacity overhead storage tank. Total discharge head
developed by pump including friction in piping is 243 ft. Calculate the brake power required to
drive the pump if the pump efficiency is 74%.

𝑃𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
𝑃𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 = ;𝑃 = 𝑄 × 𝛿 × 𝑇𝐷𝐻
𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

𝑔𝑎𝑙 1𝑓𝑡 3 𝑓𝑡 3
𝑄 = 260 ×( ) = 34.76
𝑚𝑖𝑛 7.48𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 𝐻𝐷 − 𝐻𝑆 + 𝐻𝑓 = 243𝑓𝑡 − 27𝑓𝑡 + 10𝑓𝑡 = 226𝑓𝑡

𝑓𝑡 3 𝑙𝑏𝑓
𝑄 × 𝛿 × 𝑇𝐷𝐻 (34.76 ) (62.34 ) (226𝑓𝑡) 1𝐻𝑃
𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑡 3
𝑃𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑘𝑒 = = ( ) = 20.05 𝐻𝑃
𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 0.74 𝑓𝑡 − 𝑙𝑏𝑓
33000
𝑚𝑖𝑛
5. Calculate the impeller diameter of the centrifugal pump that requires 15 m head to deliver water
if pump speed is 1500 rpm.

19
 𝑣 = 𝜋𝐷𝑁

𝑚 𝑚
𝑣 = √2𝑔ℎ = √2 (9.81 2
) (15 𝑚) = 17.15
𝑠 𝑠
𝑚 1500
17.15 = 𝜋𝐷 ( ) → 𝐷 = 0.22 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 220 𝑚𝑚
𝑠 60

6. A two-stage centrifugal pump delivers 15,000 kg/hr of 110℃ water against 76 m head at 3500
rpm. Determine the specific speed of the pump. The specific volume of water at 110 ℃ is 0.001052
m3/kg.

𝑁√𝑄
𝑁𝑠 = 3
𝐻4
𝑘𝑔 𝑚3 1ℎ𝑟
𝑄 = (15,000 ) (0.001052 ) ( )
ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔 3600𝑠

𝑚3 3.28𝑓𝑡 3 7.48𝑔𝑎𝑙 60𝑠

= 0.0044 ×( ) ×( 3
)×( ) = 69.68 𝑔𝑝𝑚
𝑠 1𝑚 1𝑓𝑡 1𝑚𝑖𝑛

76𝑚 3.28𝑓𝑡
𝐻= = 38𝑚 × ( ) = 124.64 𝑓𝑡
2 1𝑚

3500√69.68
𝑁𝑠 = 3 = 783.21 𝑟𝑝𝑚
(124.64)4

20
CONCLUSION

Under the assistance of the instructor, the students were able to familiarize themselves of

the operation of a centrifugal pump. The purpose of a centrifugal pump is to transport the fluid

from the suction side up to the discharge side. Its typical applications are used for power generation

in a thermal power plants, for irrigation and drainage, etc. The water power is expressed as the

product of the pump capacity, the total dynamic head, and the specific weight of the liquid and

total dynamic head depends on the value of the pressure head, the velocity head, the elevation

head, and the summation of friction head losses since in actual pump operations, friction head

losses are present. It is known that the pump capacity is inversely proportional to the amount of

total dynamic head and this experiment proved that kind of proportionality which is supported by

the data gathered by the researcher. The specific weight of the liquid is assumed to be constant,

but the water power varies if different types of liquid was used to pump it from suction to discharge

side. Provided that the motor efficiency and transmission efficiency is 0.85 and 0.9 respectively,

the researcher can compute for the pump efficiency directly by manipulation of formulae. Factors

that makes the efficiency of the pump must be considered in pump operations and it must be

monitored and proper maintenance must be applied so that more water power can be made by the

centrifugal pump which will lead to a more accurate result and to save energy. The experiment

helped the researcher about obtaining knowledge in centrifugal pumps since it is applicable for

power generation industry. The design of the centrifugal pump must be considered for producing

water power for more efficient use. With regards to the safety of the researcher, the researcher

suggests wearing personal protective equipment when dealing with the equipment in ME

Laboratory Room to promote safety in the working place as well as to practice this type of routine

for real world applications of the performed experiment.

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REFERENCES

• Centrifugal Pumps. 2018. Retrieved from https://www.michael-smith-

engineers.co.uk/resources/useful-info/centrifugal-pumps

• Centrifugal Pump Efficiencies. 2018. Retrieved from http://www.rotechpumps.com/what-

factors-affect-the-efficiency-of-a-centrifugal-pump

• Factors of Total Dynamic Head. 2018. Retrieved from

http://www.marchpump.com/blog/how-to-calculate-total-dynamic-head-for-industrial-pump/

• Types of Pumps. 2018. Retrieved from https://www.globalpumps.com.au/blog/what-are-the-

differences-between-pump-types

• Pump Operations. 2018. Retrieved from

https://www.gouldspumps.com/ittgp/medialibrary/goulds/website/Literature/White%20Paper

s/ITT_white_paper_Pumps_101_Operation_Maintenance_and_Monitoring_Basics.pdf?ext=.

pdf

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