Curriculum Development
in Pakistan
Lecture no: 17
Course code:EDUC3143
Subject : Curriculum development
Instructor: Khansa Imam
Learning outcomes
Students will be able to
understand and explain curriculum development process in Pakistan
critically examine issues in curriculum development
Why curriculum
Education plays a vital role in nation building. Ministry of (provisional)
Education, is responsible for the cohesion, integration and preservation of
the ideological foundation of the states.
Curriculum Bodies at Primary and
Secondary Levels
IN PUNJAB : PUNJAB CURRICULUM AUTHORTY (PCA)is responsible to develop
curriculum for Punjab Province.
• IN SINDH: BUREAU OF CURRICULUM AND EXTENSION WING (BCEW) is
responsible for develop curriculum for Sindh Province
• IN KPK: DIRECTORATE OF CURRICULUM AND TEACHER EDUCATION(CTE) is
responsible for develop curriculum for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province.
• IN BALOCHISTAN: No Curriculum body its in process
• IN ICT, FATA, FANA and AJK: CURRICULUM WING is responsible for the
develop curriculum for these Areas
Main Functions of these bodies
• prepare or cause to be prepared schemes of studies, curricula,
manuscripts of textbooks, standards of education and schedules or
strategy for their introduction in various classes of an institution in
connection with the implementation of the education policy of the
Government
Evolution of Curriculum Objectives
Prepares the draft of objectives. (Send to inter-provincial Ministry for discussion curriculum development).
Objectives are finalized.
Translated to the specific teaching objectives.
objectives are derived from
Recommendation of the National Education Policy
National Level Seminars
Forums of research studies
Inter Board Committee of Chairmen curriculum development process in Pakistan
Factors considered in finalizing the objectives
Be precise
Assist in the selection of teaching strategy
Produce a designated behavior pattern
Enables teachers to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of learning.
FORMULATION OF VARIOUS COMMITTEES BY
THE CURRICULUM WING
In order to proceed policy statement or police guidelines, curriculum wing
of the Ministry of education made two committees at National level.
1. National Committee in Secondary and Primary Education
2. Subject Committee at Primary and Secondary levels.
These committees include:
1. Teachers
2. Subject specialists
3. Administrators
Functions of committees
Purpose of these committees is
1. Delineate aims of education for subsequent input.
2. Curriculum wing communicates with above mentioned committees
along with CRDC at provincial level on aims and goals of education and
other policy guidelines.
PROPOSALS BY THE CRDC’S AND
CURRICULUM BUREAUS
Then after the formulation of two committees the CRDC and the bureaus
of curriculum functioning at the provincial level do following actions:
1. Take appropriate initiative firstly
2. Then secondly finalize their proposals keeping in view the overall aims of
education, local situation and their research experience etc
3. Then send it to the National committee of Primary, Secondary Education
for further proceeding.
PROCESSING IN THE NATIONAL
COMMITTEES
Relevant committee either the primary or secondary level committee
received the curricular proposals from the provincial CRDC’s and BC’s
check their suitability in the light of aims of education.
• Then with its recommendations and observations curricular proposals
send to relevant subject committee.
PROCESSING IN THE NATIONAL
COMMITTEES
The relevant subject committee then considers the whole package and
send it back to the primary and secondary level from whom it had
received.
Then primary/secondary level committee functioning at the international
level and reconsiders the original proposals and the subsequent
recommendations and made final approval of the curriculum.
The studies Scheme (Scheme of
Studies)
It is based on three key factors:
The Education policy
Market Demand
Global Issues
Development of Syllabi
It is based on objectives and scheme of study. Subject specific syllabi is
prepared in consultation with:
1. Subject expert
2. Psychologist
3. Serving teacher
Syllabi must satisfy the following conditions:
1. Based on the needs of learner.
2. Take into account the existing knowledge and the environmental experience
of the learner.
3. The development level of the learner is considered in the cognitive,
effectiveness and psycho-motor domain.
4. Content should be focused on attaining the objectives.
TEXTBOOKS
Textbooks play a vital role in educational activity
Full fledged textbook sector was established in the Bureau of curriculum
and Textbooks in 1974.
This sector has certain objectives:
1.To coordinate work of four provincial Textbook Boards.
2.To keep a check on prices of Textbooks published by the boards.
3.To ensure that textbooks prepared by the provinces are according to the
National aims and objectives as expressed through National curriculum.
4. To maintain uniformity in textbooks both in content and production.
5. To provide leadership to the boards by preparing model textbooks.
PRODUCTION OF TEXTBOOKS
Production of textbooks in Pakistan is basically the responsibility of four
Provincial Textbook Boards.
These Boards are autonomous organizations of Provincial Education
Department.
The process of textbook production for classes I to XII start from Federal
Ministry of Education.
Then Federal Ministry formulates curriculum
and devices schemes of studies.
The finalized curricula are forwarded to CRDC’s and the Board for
preparation of textbooks.
Textbook Development
Provisional Text Book Boards are responsible for the development of the
text-books according to the approved syllabi.
How textbook is developed?
1. Establish a list of text book writers.
2.Invitation are sent to the writers to submit the material within the syllabus
parameter.
3. Selection is made on the basis of relevance of material.
4.The selected material is transformed into a textbook.
PRACTICES FOR THE PREPARATIONS OF
MANUSCRIPTS OF TEXTBOOKS
FOR THE PREPARATIONS OF MANUSCRIPTS OF TEXTBOOKS;THERE ARE TWO
TYPES OF PRACTICES
1.Some boards appoint panel of authors for writing a textbook and assign
different chapters to them.
2. Another way is through open competition invite written manuscripts, a
committee of Board’s experts examines the manuscript, then best
manuscript is selected for publication.
In some cases when no manufactures are found up to the mark then
different lessons/ chapters are selected from different manuscripts. Then
final selected/adopted manuscript submitted to the Federal Ministry for the
approval.
PRACTICES FOR THE PREPARATIONS OF
MANUSCRIPTS OF TEXTBOOKS
Then Ministry and Provincial Education Dept. form National review
committee.
• It consists teachers, curriculum planners and subject specialists etc.
• Committee determines adequacy of content according to the grade
and ability level as well as it also reflects true spirit of National curricula.
• It also check the uniformity in the prices of books and ensures that there is
no overloading. .
• Then examined manuscripts with the recommendations of the committee
are sent back to the Boards for printing.
• And after printing and publishing, books entered the big cities through
private agencies.
Teacher Training
Teacher training for curriculum implementation is the responsibility of the
provincial government.
It is now stressed that each textbook must have a teacher's guide or
included in textbook.
In some cases assistance in the training of the masters trainers is arranged
by the provincial government. http://www.ibe.unesco.org
References
https://www.slideshare.net/shaziazamir3/curriculum-development-process-
in-pakistan-lecture-2
https://www.slideshare.net/naimaumer/curriculum-development-process-
in-pakistan-26785120
https://www.slideshare.net/UmairAshraf/curriculum-development-process-
in-pakistan
https://www.slideshare.net/sqjafery/curriculum-development-at-primary-
and-secondary-level
https://www.slideshare.net/cuterodz042909/curriculum-development-
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