CROP SCIENCE
(First Review Questions-2011)
Write the letter of the correct/best answer:
1. The Philippines is an agricultural country with a land area of 30M hectares. The total area devoted to
agriculture is: a. 35% (10.5M) b. 40% (12M) c. 47% (14.1M) d. 50% (15M) e. none of the
above
2. Sen. Edgardo J. Angara is the author of AFMA of 1998, it became into law as:
a. RA # 8435 b. RA # 8035 c. RA # 6434 d. RA # 8535 e. none of the above
3. Who is the present Secretary of the Dept of Agriculture?
a.Arthur Yap b.Santiago Obien c.Proceso Alcala d.Renato Ayala
4. Plants having a special property that can act as host to N2 fixing bacteria:
a. cucurbits b. legumes
c. solanaceous d. crucifers
5. Most of our economically important crops are:
a. xerophytes b. hydrophytes c. mesophytes d. heliophytes e. halophytes
6. Scientific names of plants are composed of:
a. family & order b. genus & species c. family & species d. order & phylum
7. Growing of two crops in succession, planting one before the harvest of the former:
a. ratoon cropping b. relay cropping c. intercropping d. strip cropping e. multistorey
8. A measure of seed viability: number of seeds that have germinated divided by the number of seeds
sown,
multiplied by 100:
a. rate of germination b. coefficient rate c. germination percentage d. germination score
9. Round-up ready corn variety is an example of:
a. transgenic crop b. genetically modified organism c. GMO crop d. all of the above
10. The following describes the word “pest”, except:
a. noxious weeds b. phytophagous insects c. entomophagous insects d.phytopathogenic
microorganism
11. Which is not a solution to waterlogged condition?
a. construction of drainage canals b. planting crops in raised beds
c. planting crops well adapted to saturated condition d. providing crops with trellis
12. A method of harvesting in which only matured fruits or pods are harvested is called:
a. stripping b. tapping c. priming d. pruning e. thinning
13. Plant roll their leaves as in the case of corn:
a. increase leaf water content b. reduce rate of transpirational water loss
c. increase probability of desiccation c. change the angle of incidence of diffused light to the leaf
surface
14. Rice armyworm is scientifically known as:
a. Scirpophaga innotata b. Scirpophaga incertulas c. Mythimna separata d. Spodoptera litura
15. Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) is an entomopathogen specific against:
a. coleopterans b. lepidopterans c. hemipterans d. homopterans e.hymenopterans
16. The products of the light reaction phase of photosynthesis are:
a. O2 + ATP b.CH2O and NADPH c. ATP and NADH d. ATP and NADPH e.all of the above
17. The Krebs cycle takes place in the:
a. chloroplast b. mitochondrion c. vacuole d. peroxisome e. chlorophyll
18. Phototropism is a growth response of plant to unidirectional light which is probably influenced by a
particular growth hormone:
a. abscissic acid b. indole acetic acid c. kinetin d. gibberellins e. all of the above
19. The tags used for breeder seeds are colored:
a. red b. blue c. white d. green e. yellow
20. The practice used in rubber trees inorder to remove more latex:
a. pruning b. propping c. retting d. tapping e. tuxying
21. The physical means of weed control and cultivation in which the plow is passed near the base of the
plant, throwing the soil slice towards the center of the row.
a. hilling-up b. off-barring c. intertillage d. mulching e. harrowing
22. An entomopathogen used against RBB and GLH, known as white muscardine fungus:
a. Beauveria bassiana b.Metarrhizium anisopliae c.Trichoderma harzianum d.Pyricularia grisea
23. Helicoverpa armigera Hub. Is commonly known as:
a. corn earworm b. cotton bollworm c. tomato fruitworm d. tobacco budworm e. all of the
above
24. Pollen grains are found in the:
a. ovary b. anther c. stigma d. pistil
25. A response to directional stimulus such as gravity or sunlight:
a. phototropism b. geotropism c. tropism d. turgor pressure e. none of the above
26. Nectar is a fluid carbohydrate produced and secreted by the:
a. endoplasmic reticulum b. golgi bodies c. nucleus d. ribosomes e. vacuole
27. It is also known as eggplant;
a. sponge gourd b. tomato c. guinea squash d. muskmelon e. none of the above
28. Golden rice is rich in:
a. Vitamin C b. Vit. A c. Vit B d. Vit. D e. all of the above
29. It is locally known as “kapeng tagalong” :
a. robusta b. excelsa c. liberica d. arabica e. none of the above
30. Theobromine substance can be found in:
a. peanut b. cacao seeds c. horse radish seeds d. soybean e. sorghum
31. Momordica charantia and Sechium edule are examples of the family:
a. Malvaceae b. Compositae c. Moringaceae d. Cucurbitaceae e. Annonaceae
32. Succulent plants with little or no secondary stem or woody tissue.
a. vine b. shrub c. herb d. tree e. none of the above
33. Short or low supporting several stemmed woody plants.
a. vine b. shrub c. herb d. tree e. none of the above
34. an example of naturally cross-pollinated crop:
a. eggplant b. tomato c. cotton d. beans e. sweet corn
35. Type of pruning in which cut are made on the terminal portion of the plant:
a. thinning out b. heading back c. rouging d. frame e. all of the above
36. Type of pruning in which complete removal of a branch of a tree:
a. thinning out b. heading back c. rouging d. frame e. all of the above
37. Hastens the propagation of Imperata cylindrica:
a. rhizomes b. runners c. seeds d. stem e. stolons
38. Properly dried seed can be stored longer with high germination using this container:
a. jute sack b. paper bags c. plastic sack d. sealed tin cans e. PP sack
39. The treatment that removes portion of the seedcoat making it permeable to water:
a. scarification b. separation c. stratification d. vernalization e. HWT
40. The best time to bag mango fruits:
a. 45-50 DAFI b. 55-60 DAFI c. 65-70 DAFI d. anytime
41. Mango is ready for flower induction when leaves are:
a. 7-9 months old b. crispy and dark green c. buds are plump & prominent d. all of the above
42. Pasig, Kabakan, Agno and Agus are example common names of:
a. pili nut b. glutinous corn c. rice d. wheat e. coconut
43. Transmit tungro disease to rice plant.
a. Leptocorisa oratorius b. Nephotettix virescens c. Nilaparvata lugens d. Scirpophaga
incertulas
44. Known as aphids of crucifers and may be a vector of virus diseases:
a. Plutella xylostella b. Hellula undalis c. Brevicoryne brassicae d. Phyllotreta striolata
45. Which does not belong to the special-purpose classification of crops?
a. cover crops b. foliage crops c. silage crops d. trap crops e. beverage
46. The most effective wavelength for photoperiodism is:
a. red and blue b. far red and red c. ultraviolet d. gamma rays e. violet and blue
47. Toxic component of Gossypium hirsutum ?
a. aflatoxin b. azadirachtin c. hydrocyanic acid d. tomatin e. gossypol
48. Special cells that allow rice plants to adjust to varying levels of O2 in the growth medium.
a. aerenchyma cells b. bulliform cells c. phytochrome d. chloroplast e. xylem
49. Domestication of plants led to:
a. change in plant type and limited ecological adaptation.
b. Narrower genetic variation and wider ecological adaptation.
c. The disappearance of the natural or wild plants.
d. Increased genetic variation and limited ecological adaptation.
50. Native or inherent soil nutrients are derived from:
a. applied fertilizers b. weathering of minerals in the soil c. physical disintegration of minerals
d. decomposition of OM in the soil e. all of the above
51. Grapes may be induced to flower by:
a. irrigation b. chemical spraying of CaC2 c. smudging d. pruning e. fertigation
52. In IPM, the first order in controlling a certain insect pest.
a. identifying the pest b. killing the pest by chemical spray
c. planting varieties known to be resistant to problem pest d. biological control of pest
53. An industrial crop yielding as high as 10 tons/ha annually without given much attention.
a. cotton b. banana c. coconut d. coffee e. cacao
54. They may develop on roots, stems or leaves and give rise to new shoots.
a. lateral bud b. adventitious bud c. axillary bud d. leaf primordial e. terminal bud
55. It is the exudation of liquid water from plants.
a. evaporation b. transpiration c. guttation d. diffusion e. evapotranspiration
56. The term _____ is used in referring to those organic compounds, other than nutrients, present
in minute quantities, that promote, inhibit, or modify growth and development.
a. growth regulators b. auxins c. cytokinins d. inhibitors e. hormones
57. Plants that flower irrespective of day length:
a. long-day plants b. short-day plants c. day-neutral plants d. none of the above
58. Which is not a disease caused by virus?
a. bunchy top b. tungro c. tomato mosaic d. crown or root rot of mango
59. Banana disease which is characterized by the presence of gray/dark spots with yellow halo
on the leaves that may lead to drying of leaves.
a. bunchy top b. mosaic c. sigatoka leaf spot d. blight e. cercospora leaf spot
60. Weed presence in field crops may result in:
a. reduction in yield b. alternate hosts for insect pests and diseases
c. causal organisms for some diseases d. produce toxins or poison
61. Benefits that a member-country can receive through the GATT:
a. greater opportunities for increasing exports and export earnings
b. improved planning and implementation of investment and trade activities due to stable
and transparent trading rules
c. fair treatment in international trade for smaller countries
d. all of the above
62. The ground earwigs being mass-produced in the laboratory used to control corn borer:
a. Proreus simulans b. Euborellia annulata c. Chelisoches morio d. Haeckeliana sp.
63. The banana aphid transmits the virus that cause bunchy top. Which is not an alternate host of the
aphid?
a. abaca b. ginger c. taro or gabi d. bandera española e. none of the above
64. The species of Trichogramma specifically used against rice stemborers.
a. T. chilonis b. T. japonicum c. T. evanescens d. T. cojuangcoi e. T. chilotraea
65. The following are insect pests of banana, except:
a. aphids b. mealy bugs c. corm weevil d. red rust thrips e. none of the above
66. One method of control against nematode is to plant nematode antagonists. Which is not a good
antagonist?
a. mustard b. sesame c. asparagus d. sugarcane e. none of the above.
67. Eggplant shoot/fruit borer (FSB) is considered to be the most destructive pest of eggplant
damaging leaves, shoots and fruits. It is also known as;
a. Helicoverpa armigera b. Leucinodes orbonalis c. Xylosandrus compactus d. Tetranychus sp.
68. An herbicide with excellent control of grasses applied as post emergence.
a. pendimethalin b. fluazifop-butyl c. trifluralin d. butralin e. none of the above
69. It is the process by which carbohydrates and energy-rich chemicals are formed from carbon dioxide
and water, using light energy with the release of oxygen.
a. Respiration c. Absorption
b. Photosynthesis d. Transpiration
70. Refers to the series of complex oxidation-reduction reactions, whereby living cells obtain energy
through the breakdown of organic material.
a. Transpiration b. respiration c. Synthesis d. imbibition
71. It is a stage in which some of the products of light reactions begin to participate, and where energy
(ATP)
is required. a. C3 pathway b. C4 pathway c. dark reaction d. CAM
72. Photosynthesis investigation was intensified in the 1930’s to 1950’s by ________.
a. Detection of PGA as first product c. Hatch and Slack
b. Use of carbon isotopes d. Blackman
73. The cholophyll is commonly found in:
a. stomata b. mesophyll c. mitochondria d. vascular bundles
74. A photosynthetic reaction in which light transmitted to earth called solar radiation or radiant energy,
is absorbed by the chlorophyll.
a. photochemical reaction c. dark reaction
b. enzymatic reaction d. light reaction
75. C3 plants have:
a. two CO2 fixation pathways separated in space
b. two CO2 fixation pathways separated in time
c. Only one CO2 fixation pathway
d. three CO2 fixation pathways
76. An RQ value equal to one (RQ=1) means:
a. glucose is being respired c. Anaerobic respiration is taking place
b. Aerobic respiration is involved d. Fats are being respired
77. Absorption of light by the leaf is lowest in ______ color:
a. yellow b. red c. blue d. green
78. Cell turgidity in plants is maintained through:
a. plasmolysis b. translocation c. respiration d. transpiration
79. Products of photosynthesis from mature leaves are translocated to the growing areas through:
a. pressure potential b. phloem translocation c. pressure flow d. phloem loading
80. Passive movements of water in plants occur;
a. only through a semi-permeable membrane
b. from a cell with high potential to a cell with low potential
c. through cytoplasmic streaming
d. from a cell with low potential to a cell with high potential
81. It is a fatty material found usually as a layer on the outer walls of cells forming the exterior surfaces
of land plants. a. wax b. lignin c. cutin d. suberin
82. Responsible for hardness and decay-resisting qualities of many woods.
a. cutin b. lignin c. suberin d. chitin
83. Distinct submicroscopic particles which control the characteristic growth and chemical processes of
an organism. a. chromosomes b. genes c. nucleus d. cells
84. Phytohormone which is also called the ripening hormone:
a. auxin b. ethylene c. cytokinin d. gibberelin
85. Plant hormone that is most abundant in the growing points:
a. auxin b. ethylene c. cytokinin d. gibberelin
86. The response of a plant by growing towards the direction of light is called;
a. thigmotropism b. geotropism c. epinasty d. phototropism
87. The effect of sunlight on plant development is referred to as;
a. plant response to daylength b. photocybernetic effect c. response to gravity d.
photosynthesis
88. The products of light reaction phase of photosynthesis are;
a. ATP and NADH b. O2 and ATP c. ATP and NADPH d. CH2O and NADPH
89. Plant responses to seasonal variation in daylength is known as:
a. morphogenesis b. photoperiodism c. vernalization d. circadian rhythm
90. The photoreceptor involved in photoperiodism:
a. chlorophyll b. phytochrome c. carotenoids d. flavins
91. The amount of green pigments is reduced resulting to yellowing of leaves:
a. chlorosis b. necrosis c. dialysis d. N deficiency
92. What particular growth hormone influence the growth response of plants to unidirectional light or
phototropism?
a. alpha naphthalene acetic acid (ANAA) b. gibberelic acid (GA)
c. abscissic acid (ABA) d. indole acetic acid (IAA)
93. Growth hormone that promotes the senescence of leaves;
a. abscissic acid b. gibberellins c. cytokinin d. auxin
94. A type of dormancy in seeds equivalent to quiescence;
a. Chemical dormancy b. paradormancy c. endodormancy d. ecodormancy
95. As an essential element, nitrogen is taken up by crops in the following forms:
a. NH4+ and NO2- b. N2, NO2- and NH4+ c. N2O, NO3 and NO2- d. NO3- and NH4+
96. Growth response of plants that is best exemplified by the closing of Mimusa leaves:
a. thigmotropism b. thigmomorphogenesis c. seismonasty d. thermotropism
97. Growth center of plants:
a. stems b. shoots c. meristem d. branch
98. At present the three major crops of the Philippines in terms of land area cultivated:
a. abaca, rice and coconut b. rice corn and coconut
c. corn, abaca and banana d. banana, sugarcane and coffee
99. The agency involved in approving the release of recommended varieties of crops in the Philippines.
a. Institute of Plant Breeding b. International Rice Research Institute
c. Philippine Seedboard d. National Seed Industry Council
100. Which statement is not a control strategy against white and yellow stemborers.
a. Synchronous planting after a fallow period, using resistant varieties.
b. Conserve natural enemies; like wasps, spiders, earwigs
c. Plant establishment should coincide when stemborer population is at lowest.
d. Flooding and using ropes dipped in kerosene.
e. none of the above
ANSWER:
1 C 11. D 21. B 31. D 41. D 51. D 61.D 71. A 81. C 91. A
2 A 12. C 22. A 32. C 42. C 52. A 62. B 72. B 82. B 92. D
3 C 13. B 23. E 33. B 43. B 53. C 63. E 73. B 83. B 93. A
4 B 14. C 24. B 34. E 44. C 54. C 64. B 74. D 84. B 94. D
5 C 15. B 25. C 35. B 45. D 55. C 65. E 75. C 85. B 95. D
6 B 16. D 26. B 36. A 46. B 56. A 66. E 76. A 86. A 96. A
7 B 17. B 27. E 37. B 47. E 57. C 67. B 77. C 87. D 97. C
8 C 18. B 28. B 38. D 48. A 58. D 68. B 78. D 88. C 98. B
9 D 19. C 29. D 39. A 49. B 59. C 69. B 79. B 89. B 99. D
10 C 20. D 30. B 40. A 50. B 60. B 70. B 80. B 90. B 100.D
Terminologies in Agriculture
1. Solum - The upper layers of a soil profile in which topsoil formation occurs.
2. Regolith- The layer of loose rock resting on bedrock, constituting the surface of most land. It is also
called mantle.
3. Alluvium - Sediment deposited by flowing water, as in a riverbed, flood plain, or delta.
4. Moraine - An accumulation of boulders, stones, or other debris carried and deposited by a glacier
5. Hue- The property of colors by which they can be perceived as ranging from red through yellow,
green, and blue, as determined by the dominant wavelength of the light
6. Chroma - The aspect of color in the Munsell color system by which a sample appears to differ from a
gray of the same lightness or brightness and that corresponds to saturation of the perceived color.
7. Tint- A shade of a color, especially a pale or delicate variation
8. Emission - A substance discharged into the air,
9. Platy- Designating soil or minerals occurring in flaky layers
10. Crumb- A small fragment, scrap, or portion
11. Viscous- Having relatively high resistance to flow
12. Friable – brittle or likely/easily cracks
13. Autotrophs- Are organisms capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances, using
light or chemical energy. Green plants, algae, and certain bacteria are autotrophs.
14. Saprophytes - Are organisms, especially fungi or bacteria, that grow on and derive its nourishment
from dead or decaying organic matter
15. Actinomycetes- are from the class actinobacteria. They are gram positive filamentous bacteria that
generally live in soil and break down organic matter such as dead trees
16. Lignin -the chief noncarbohydrate constituent of wood, that binds to cellulose fibers and hardens
and strengthens the cell walls of plants.
17. Hemicelloluse - Any of several polysaccharides that are more complex than a sugar and less complex
than cellulose, found in plant cell walls and produced commercially from corn grain hulls.
18. Lichens- A fungus, usually of the class Ascomycetes, that grows symbiotically with algae, resulting in
a composite organism that characteristically forms a crustlike or branching growth on rocks or tree
trunks.
19. Trap cropping – a useful helicoverpa management tool/ tool in pest management.
20. Fumigate- To subject to smoke or fumes, usually in order to exterminate pests or disinfect.
21. Taxonomy - To subject to smoke or fumes, usually in order to exterminate pests or disinfect.
22. Morphology - The branch of biology that deals with the form and structure of organisms without
consideration of function
23. Damping off - decay of seed in soil, rapid death of germinating seedlings before emergence, or
emerged seedlings suddenly wilting, toppling over, and dying from rot at or near the soil line
24. Sporulation-To produce or release spores
25. Rouging- is the removal of undesirable corn plants from hybrid seed production plots.
26. PDA – Potato Dextrose Agar
27. Herb - are garden plants that are grown and harvested for culinary, aromatic, medicinal, and fibrous
uses.
28. Pinching- literally means to take your fingers and pinch off the top of the plant, or hand clippers and
cut off the top of the pl
29. Foundation seeds – are seed stock produced from breeder seed by or under the direct control of an
agricultural experiment station
30. Registered seeds- The progeny of foundation seeds normally grown to produce certified seed.
31. Certified seeds – are second generation seeds
32. Percolation- To cause (liquid, for example) to pass through a porous substance or small holes; filter
33. Leaching – Leaching of soil occurs naturally and is part of the process of soil formation. When soil
becomes saturated with rainwater, water travels downward, into groundwater or into springs and
eventually rivers, lakes and streams. In the process, substances such as iron, aluminum, calcium and
organic matter are carried deep into the soil or washed away altogether
34. Axil - The upper angle between a lateral organ, such as a leafstalk, and the stem that bears it.
35. Internode- The space between two nodes or points of the stem from which the leaves properly
arise.
36. Abrasion-a scraped spot or area; the result of rubbing or abrading
37. Exfoliation- describes the loss of leaves (or, in some cases, pieces of bark) from a plant.
38. Ventriculus- the gizzard of a bird
39. Proventriculus - The Proventriculus is half of a birds stomach. It does the chemical digestion half of
the work.
40. Scalding- A superficial discoloration on fruit, vegetables, leaves, or tree trunks caused by sudden
exposure to intense sunlight or the action of gases; a disease of some cereal grasses caused by a fungus
of the genus Rhynchosporium.
41. Evisceration- removal of the abdominal viscera or the entrails of a bird.
42. Dubbing- is a procedure used by poultry farmers to remove the comb from the head of chicken
43. Litters- the offspring at one birth of a multiparous mammal such as sow
44. Gilt - A female pig that has never been pregnant
45. Chevon – is the goat’s meat
46. Venison – the meat of a deer
47. Veal – meat of a young cattle
48. Mutton- meat of a domesticated and fully grown sheep
49. Lamb- meat of a year-old sheep
50. Plasmolysis – Shrinkage or contraction of the protoplasm away from the wall of a living plant or
bacterial cell, caused by loss of water through osmosis.
51. Osmosis – is the diffusion of the movement of water from a region of higher concentration to a
region of lower concentration through a cell membrane
52. Oligopoly- A market dominated by a small number of participants who are able to collectively exert
control over supply and market prices.
53. Oligopsony – A market condition in which purchasers are so few that the actions of any one of them
can materially affect price and the costs that competitors must pay
54. GDP – Gross Domestic Product
55. GNP – Gross National Product
56. Inflation - is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of
time.
57. Stagflation - is a situation in which the inflation rate is high, the economic growth rate slows down,
and unemployment remains steadily high.
58. Isocost curve- is all combination of input which cost same amount.
59. Stolon- A shoot that bends to the ground or that grows horizontally above the ground and produces
roots and shoots at the nodes (e.g. strawberries, tubers like potatoes)
60. Rhizome- A shoot that bends to the ground or that grows horizontally above the ground and
produces roots and shoots at the nodes (eg. Ginger)
61. Terrestrial plant - is a plant that grows on land
62. Epiphytes- also called air plants; A plant, such as a tropical orchid or a staghorn fern, that grows on
another plant upon which it depends for mechanical support but not for nutrients
63. Blue label chemicals - hazardous to health
64. White label – special hazard
65. Yellow label - reactivity hazard
66. Red label – fire hazar
