Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM
Taytay, Rizal
Readings in Philippine
History
JOHN MARK D.
BUGARIN, MPA
Instructor
Objectives
✓Learn the process of
content and contextual
analyses
✓Appreciate the significance
of primary sources of data
Historical Method:
• It is the process of critically examining and
analyzing the records and survival of the
past.
• For the competent interpretation of the fact
students will engage in content and
contextual analysis of the selected primary
sources.
Content Analysis
• It is a method for studying and/or retrieving
meaningful information from documents.
• Is a systematic evaluation of the primary
source be it a text, painting, caricatures, and
speech that in the process students could
develop and present an argument based on
their own understanding of the evidences
from their reading.
How to do Content Analysis:
1. Formulate research question
2. Select the content that you will analyze
3. Define the units and categories of analysis
4. Develop a set of rules for coding
5. Code the text according to the rules
6. Analyze the results and draw conclusions
• Meaning of the text
• Correlations of its
content
• Implications
Contextual Analysis
• It is a method of studying text and its cultural,
social, or political context.
• The analysis includes the author ’s
background, authority on the subject and
intent perceptible, and its relevance and
meaning to people and society today.
How to do Contextual Analysis:
1. Consider the following questions:
-When was the text written?
-Who wrote the text? What kind of views did the author advocate?
-What are political, cultural or social factors that could have affected the author?
-What kind of audience does this person try to reach?
-What kind of reaction does the writer expect from the audience?
-Was this text a response to a particular event or a social phenomena?
-Does the text prompt readers to a certain action?
2. Consider specific devices that help the author express
the main ideas and arguments.
• Author’s background
• Author’s intentions
• Author’s authority
Selected Primary Sources
1. First Voyage Around the World
2. Customs of the Tagalogs
3. Works of Juan Luna and Fernando
Amorsolo
CRITICAL THINKING
Chapter 5: Lesson 1
Monastic Supremacy in the
Philippines
La Soberania
Monacal en
Filipina
Written by Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Published: Barcelona, Spain, 1889
Republished: Manila, 1898
La Soberania Monacal en Filipina
• It presents the political, religious,
and economic aspects of friarchy
or frialocracia in the Philippines
during the late 19th century.
Activity 3: Reaction Paper
• Read the article provided by the
instructor.
• Make your reaction paper following
the guidelines provided.
• Submit the hard copy of your reaction
paper and the soft copy at your
instructor’s email.
Chapter 5: Lesson 2
Taxation During the
Spanish Period
• Taxation- is the action,
process, or system of taxing
people or things.
• Tax- is the actual amount or
service mandated by the
authority to all people.
Reasons for Taxation During
Spanish Period
1. As recognition of 2. To defray the
Spain’s sovereignty expenses of
pacification and
over the colonies governance
Taxes During Spanish Period
1. Tributo- General tax worth 8
Reales. 18-50 years old males.
Artisans. Public Workers.
2. Sanctorum- Worth 3 Reales.
Cost of Christianization.
3. Donativo- Worth half Real. For
military campaign against
Muslims.
4. Caja de Comunidad- Worth 1 Real. For public
works and construction
5. Servicio Personal or Polo y Servicios- A forced
labor for all able-bodied males, 16-60 years old
for public works. Workers are called polista. 40
days lessen to 15 days. Falla is the fine to be
given if one wishes to be exempted in
rendering servicio personal. Gobernadorcillo,
Cabeza de Barangay, and other members of
Principalia.
Revolts Against the Tribute
• Cagayan and Dingas Revolts (1589).
Cagayan & Ilocos Norte
• Agustin Sumuroy’s Revolt (1649-1650).
Northern Samar
• Francisco Maniago’s Revolt (1660-1661).
Pampanga
• Andres Malong Revolt (1660-1661).
Pangasinan
The Tax Reform of 1884
Royal Decree on March 6, 1884
1. Abolition of Tributo and replacement
of Cedulas Personales
2. Reduction of forced labor from 40 to
15 days.
Cedulas Personales
• Imposed to all residents of the
Philippine islands- male or
female.
• 16 different classes of cedulas
from 1.50 pesos to 25 pesos
Chapter 5: Lesson 3
AGRARIAN REFORM
IN THE PHILIPPINES
Video Presentation The
Philippines and Agrarian Reform (Philippine History Project)
Duration: 6:12 mins
What do you think are the
reasons why Filipinos have long
desire for land ownership?
Land Reform vs. Agrarian Reform
Agrarian Reform Program
• Is designed to bring about improvements
in all the institutions surrounding farm life
and other group measures necessary to
make the work of the tenant, farm worker
and owner-cultivator a success.
OBJECTIVES OF ARP
• It aims to transfer land ownership from the
landlord to the tillers of the soil in order to
achieve a dignified existence for the small
farmers.
• To extend help to the farmers with respect
to education, finance, health, and
employment aspects.
Is it reasonable to
transfer the land ownership from
landlord to farmers?
References:
• Ligan, V. O., Apsay, L. C., Espino, L.
C., Porras, CS. T., Salinas, E. D., &
Lemana J. J. (2018). Readings in
Philipine History. Malabon City:
Mutya Publishing House, Inc.
• Tuzon, A. & Pangilinan M. (2015).
History of the Philippines. Manila
City: Mindshapers Co., Inc.
