Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 1
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds
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©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 2
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7 The table shows the electronic structure of four atoms.
atom electronic structure
W 2,8,1
X 2,8,4
Y 2,8,7
Z 2,8,8
Which two atoms combine to form a covalent compound?
A W and X B W and Y C X and Y D X and Z
8
8 Which statement describes the attractive forces between molecules (intermolecular forces)?
A They are strong covalent bonds which hold molecules together.
B They are strong ionic bonds which hold molecules together.
C They are weak forces formed between covalently-bonded molecules.
D They are weak forces which hold ions together in a lattice.
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9 The diagram represents the general structure of a solid Z.
What is Z?
A aluminium
B iodine
C silicon dioxide
D sulfur
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 3
10
10 The table shows information about atoms of three different elements.
proton nucleon number of number of number of
element
number number protons neutrons electrons
chlorine 17 35 17 W 17
chlorine 17 X 17 19 17
argon Y 40 18 22 18
potassium 19 39 19 20 Z
What are the values of W, X, Y and Z?
W X Y Z
A 18 35 18 19
B 18 36 18 19
C 19 35 19 18
D 19 36 19 18
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11 Metal P reacts with non-metal Q to form a compound.
Which process takes place and which type of compound is formed?
process type of compound
A electrons are transferred from P to Q covalent
B electrons are transferred from P to Q ionic
C electrons are transferred from Q to P covalent
D electrons are transferred from Q to P ionic
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 4
12
12 The structure of ethanoic acid is shown.
Which diagram shows the arrangement of outer shell electrons in a molecule of ethanoic acid?
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13 X is a solid at room temperature. X has a high melting point. Solid X conducts electricity.
Which diagram shows how the particles are arranged in solid X?
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 5
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14 Which statement about atoms is correct?
A Atoms contain protons and electrons in the nucleus.
B Neutrons are negatively charged.
C Protons are positively charged.
D The nucleon number is the number of neutrons.
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15 Which diagram correctly shows the ions present in the compound potassium fluoride?
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 6
16
16 Rescuers are drilling through fallen rock in order to rescue some men trapped in a cave. The
drill needs lubricating from time to time.
The following statements were made about the materials used for the drill tip and the lubricant
and the reasons for their use.
1 Diamond was used for the drill tip as it does not conduct electricity.
2 Diamond was used for the drill tip as it is very hard.
3 Graphite was used as the lubricant as it conducts electricity.
4 Graphite was used as the lubricant as it is soft and flaky.
Which statements are correct?
A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4
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17 Atoms contain electrons, neutrons and protons. What is the definition of nucleon number?
A the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
B the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
C the total number of neutrons and protons in the nucleus of an atom
D the total number of particles in an atom
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18 The diagram shows the atomic structure of an element X.
What is X?
A aluminium
B beryllium
C boron
D fluorine
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 7
19
19 Which statements comparing the properties of electrons, neutrons and protons are correct?
20
20 The diagram shows the structure of an atom of element X.
What is X?
A boron
B carbon
C sodium
D sulfur
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21 In which compounds are pairs of electrons shared between atoms?
1 methane
2 lead bromide
3 sodium chloride
A 1 only B 2 only C 1 and 3 D 1, 2 and 3
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 8
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22 The diagrams show four particles.
Which two diagrams show atoms that are isotopes of each other?
A 1 and 2 B 1 and 3 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4
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23 The ‘lead’ in a pencil is made of a mixture of graphite and clay.
‘lead’
When the percentage of graphite is increased, the pencil slides across the paper more easily.
Which statement explains this observation?
A Graphite has a high melting point.
B Graphite is a form of carbon.
C Graphite is a lubricant.
D Graphite is a non-metal.
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 9
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24 Element X is in Group I of the Periodic Table. X reacts with element Y to form an ionic
compound. Which equation shows the process that takes place when X forms ions?
A X + e– → X +
B X – e– → X–
C X + e– → X –
D X – e– → X+
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25 Solid F is an element.
Solid G is a compound.
Neither solid conducts electricity but G conducts electricity when dissolved in water.
These properties suggest that F is ……1…… and that G is ……2…… with ……3…… bonds.
Which words correctly complete gaps 1, 2 and 3?
1 2 3
A diamond AgCl covalent
B diamond NaCl ionic
C graphite AgCl ionic
D graphite NaCl covalent
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26 What is different for isotopes of the same element?
A nucleon number
B number of electron shells
C number of electrons in the outer shell
D proton number
27
27 Which element has the atomic structure shown?
e e
e e
e e
e e
e 16n e
e e
e e
A. Al B. P C. S D. Si
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 10
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28 Slate has a layered structure and can easily be split into thin sheets.
Which diagram shows a structure most like that of slate?
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29 Sodium chloride is an ionic solid.
Which statement is not correct?
A Ions are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons.
B Ions in sodium chloride are strongly held together.
C Ions with the same charge attract each other.
D Sodium chloride solution can conduct electricity.
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30 Element X is represented by .
Which statement about element X is correct?
A An atom of X contains 13 protons and 13 neutrons.
B An atom of X contains 27 protons and 13 electrons.
C X forms an ion by gaining electrons.
D X is placed in Group III of the Periodic Table.
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31 Caesium chloride and rubidium bromide are halide compounds of Group I elements.
Caesium chloride has the formula ……1……, a relative formula mass ……2…… that of rubidium
bromide and bonds that are ……3…… .
Which words correctly complete gaps 1, 2 and 3?
1 2 3
A CaCl different from ionic
B CaCl the same as covalent
C CsCl different from ionic
D CsCl the same as covalent
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 11
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32 Element X has six electrons in its outer shell.
How could the element react?
A by gaining two electrons to form a positive ion
B by losing six electrons to form a negative ion
C by sharing two electrons with two electrons from another element to form two covalent bonds
D by sharing two electrons with two electrons from another element to form four covalent bonds
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33 Which statements about a sodium atom, 2311Na, are correct?
1 The number of protons and neutrons is the same.
2 The number of protons and electrons is the same.
3 The number of outer electrons is one.
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3
only
34 34For which substance is the type of bonding not correct?
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35 Element X has 7 protons.
Element Y has 8 more protons than X.
Which statement about element Y is correct?
A Y has more electron shells than X.
B Y has more electrons in its outer shell than X.
C Y is in a different group of the Periodic Table from X.
D Y is in the same period of the Periodic Table as X
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 12
36
36 The diagrams show the electron arrangements in the atoms of four elements.
Which element does not form a covalent bond?
A B C D
key
e ee ee ee
e electron
ee ee ee ee
e e e e nucleus
e
ee ee ee
37 37 D
Rubidium is in Group I of the Periodic Table and bromine is in Group VII. Rubidium reacts with
bromine to form an ionic compound.
Which row shows the electron change taking place for rubidium and the correct formula of the
rubidium ion?
electron change formula of ion formed
A electron gained Rb+
B electron gained Rb–
C electron lost Rb+
D electron lost Rb–
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38 Element X is represented by .
Which statement about element X is correct?
A An atom of X contains 13 protons and 13 neutrons.
B An atom of X contains 27 protons and 13 electrons.
C X forms an ion by gaining electrons.
D X is placed in Group III of the Periodic Table.
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39 The positions of four elements are shown on the outline of the Periodic Table.
Which element forms a coloured oxide?
B C
D
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 13
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40 For which substance is the type of bonding not correct?
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41 Element X has six electrons in its outer shell.
How could the element react?
A by gaining two electrons to form a positive ion
B by losing six electrons to form a negative ion
C by sharing two electrons with two electrons from another element to form two covalent bonds
D by sharing two electrons with two electrons from another element to form four covalent bonds
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42 Which statements comparing the properties of electrons, neutrons and protons are correct?
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 14
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43 Which row gives the number of electrons in the outer electron shell of fluorine and of neon?
19 20
F N
9 e
10
A 7 8
B 7 10
C 9 8
D 9 10
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44 In the molecules CH4, HCl and H2O, which atoms use all of their outer shell electrons in
bonding?
A C and Cl B C and H C Cl and H D H and O
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45 The table shows the electronic structures of four atoms.
atom electronic structure
W 2,1
X 2,7
Y 2,8,4
Z 2,8,8
Which two atoms combine to form an ionic compound?
A W and X B W and Y C X and Y D X and Z
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46 An element Y has the proton number 18.
The next element in the Periodic Table is an element Z.
Which statement is correct?
A Element Z has one more electron in its outer shell than element Y.
B Element Z has one more electron shell than element Y.
C Element Z is in the same group of the Periodic Table as element Y.
D Element Z is in the same period of the Periodic Table as element Y.
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47 Which atom has twice as many neutrons as protons?
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 15
48
48 The diagram shows the electronic structures of atoms P and Q.
e
e e key
e e e e = electron
= nucleus
P e e Q
e e
e e
e e
e
P and Q combine to form a molecule.
What is the formula of this molecule?
A PQ4 B PQ C P2Q D P4Q
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49 The electronic structures of atoms P and Q are shown.
key
P Q = electron
P and Q react to form an ionic compound.
What is the formula of this compound?
A PQ2 B P2Q C P2Q6 D P6Q2
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50 Which is a simple covalent molecule?
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 16
51
51 The diagrams show the structures of two forms, P and Q, of a solid element.
P Q
What are suitable uses of P and Q, based on their structures?
use of solid P use of solid Q
A drilling drilling
B lubricating drilling
C drilling lubricating
D lubricating lubricating
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52 Two elements, represented by and , form a compound.
Which diagram shows molecules of the compound?
A B C D
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53 The nucleon number and proton number of the lithium atom are shown by the symbol 73Li.
What is the correct symbol for the lithium ion in lithium chloride?
A 62Li− B 63Li+ C 73Li+ D 73Li−
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54 Element X has a nucleon (mass) number of 19 and a proton (atomic) number of 9.
To which group in the Periodic Table does it belong?
A I B III C VII D 0
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 17
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55 Two isotopes of helium are 32Heand 42He.
Which two diagrams show the arrangement of particles in these two isotopes?
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56 The table describes the structures of four particles.
number of number of number of
particle protons neutrons electrons
O 8 8 8
O2– 8 8 X
Na 11 Y 11
Na+ 11 12 Z
What are the correct values of X, Y and Z?
X Y Z
A 9 11 10
B 9 11 11
C 10 12 10
D 10 12 11
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 18
57
57 Which two elements react together to form an ionic compound?
element electronic structure
W 2,4
X 2,8
Y 2,8,1
Z 2,8,7
A W and X B X and Y C Y and Z D Z and W
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58 The diagram shows part of the Periodic Table.
A B
C D
Which element is correctly matched with its electronic structure?
electronic structure
A 2,8,1
B 2,4
C 2,8,2
D 2,8
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59 In the diagrams, circles of different sizes represent atoms of different elements.
Which diagram represents hydrogen chloride gas?
A B C D
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 19
60
60 Element X is shiny and can be formed into a sheet by hammering.
Which row correctly describes the properties of element X?
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61 The table shows the structure of different atoms and ions.
proton nucleon number of number of number of
particle number number protons neutrons electrons
Mg 12 24 12 W 12
Mg2+ X 24 12 12 10
F 9 19 9 Y 9
F– 9 19 9 10 Z
What are the values of W, X, Y and Z?
W X Y Z
A 10 10 9 9
B 10 12 10 9
C 12 10 9 10
D 12 12 10 10
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62 The electronic structures of atoms X and Y are shown.
X Y
X and Y form a covalent compound.
What is its formula?
A XY5 B XY3 C XY D X3Y
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 20
63
63 Which diagram does not show the outer shell electrons in the molecule correctly?
A B C D
H H H Cl H C H Cl Cl
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64 Two isotopes of hydrogen are .
Which diagram shows the arrangement of particles in the two isotopes?
65
65 The symbols of two atoms may be written as shown.
Which statement about these atoms is correct?
A They are different elements because they have different numbers of neutrons.
B They are different elements because they have different numbers of protons.
C They are isotopes of the same element because they have the same nucleon number.
D They are isotopes of the same element because they have the same proton number.
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 21
66
66 Which row shows the change that takes place when element X gains the new particle shown?
particle gained change
A electron an isotope of element X is formed
B electron the element one place to the right of X in the Periodic Table is formed
C proton an isotope of element X is formed
D proton the element one place to the right of X in the Periodic Table is formed
67
67 The diagram shows an atom.
What is the proton number and neutron number of the atom?
proton neutron
number number
A 4 5
B 4 9
C 5 4
D 5 9
68
68 Which name is given to mixtures of metals?
A alloys
B compounds
C ores
D salts
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds 22
69
69 Element X has six electrons in its outer shell.
How could the element react?
A by gaining two electrons to form a positive ion
B by losing six electrons to form a negative ion
C by sharing two electrons with two electrons from another element to form two covalent bonds
D by sharing two electrons with two electrons from another element to form four covalent bonds
70
70 In which compounds are pairs of electrons shared between atoms?
1 sodium chloride
2 methane
3 lead bromide
A 1 only B 2 only C 1 and 3 D 1, 2 and 3
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and compounds (Mark Scheme) 1
Topic 3: Atoms, elements and 47 C
compounds (Mark Scheme)
48 D
49 B
1B
50 D
2C
51 B
3D
52 C
4C
53 C
5B
54 C
6A
55 C
7C
56 C
8C
57 C
9A
58 C
10 B
59 A
11 B
60 B
12 C
61 D
13 A
62 D
14 C
63 D
15 C
64 B
16 D
65 B
17 C
66 D
18 B
67 A
19 B
68 A
20 A
69 C
21 A
70 B
22 D
23 C
24 D
25 B
26 A
27 B
28 A
29 C
30 D
31 C
32 C
33 D
34 D
35 A
36 A
37 C
38 D
39 D
40 D
41 C
42 B
43 A
44 B
45 A
46 B
©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6
