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Transcription and Translation Virtual Lab

The document summarizes Juan Luis Nevarez's work on several virtual labs related to DNA replication, transcription, and translation. It addresses key concepts like the enzymes involved in DNA replication, the directionality of leading and lagging strand synthesis, the differences between DNA and RNA, the process of transcription to produce mRNA from DNA, translation of mRNA to produce proteins using tRNA and ribosomes, and complementary base pairing between nucleic acids. It also provides short answers to review questions about these molecular biology concepts.

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Juan Luis Nevarez Martinez
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296 views6 pages

Transcription and Translation Virtual Lab

The document summarizes Juan Luis Nevarez's work on several virtual labs related to DNA replication, transcription, and translation. It addresses key concepts like the enzymes involved in DNA replication, the directionality of leading and lagging strand synthesis, the differences between DNA and RNA, the process of transcription to produce mRNA from DNA, translation of mRNA to produce proteins using tRNA and ribosomes, and complementary base pairing between nucleic acids. It also provides short answers to review questions about these molecular biology concepts.

Uploaded by

Juan Luis Nevarez Martinez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nevarez 1

Juan Luis Nevarez

Mrs. Catherine/BIOL 1408

July 16, 2020

Transcription/Translation Virtual Lab

DNA Replication Video

1. What enzyme splits the DNA molecule for replication?


Helicase

2. What type of molecule starts the DNA replication process and what is it called?
An enzyme called primase

3. What enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides?


DNA polymerase

4. Which direction (prime end) is DNA replicated?


From the 5’ to the 3’

5. What is the in the leading strand and how is it constructed (continuous or discontinuous)?
It’s the strand that goes from the 5’ to the 3’ in a continuous way.

6. What is the lagging strand and how is it constructed? What are the segments called?
The strand that goes from the 3’ to the 5’
Okazaki fragments
First a RNA primer made by primase, then the DNA polymerase follows a short row DNA bases

7. What enzyme finalizes the DNA replication process, sealing the fragments produced?
DNA Ligase

8. What does “semi-conservative” mean?


Because each molecule is made of one old and one new strands of DNA
Nevarez 2

Transcription and Translation


1. What is the process of converting DNA bases to mRNA bases called?
Transcription
2. What part of the cell does mRNA bind to ribosomes?
Cytoplasm(?
3. How many amino acids exist?
20
4. When all amino acids are added to the chain and folds into a 3D shape, what is formed?
A protein
Nevarez 3

Virtual Lab 1

G _C___ T ___A____

T _A____ C ___G___

A __T___ C __G____

A __T___ T ___A___

C __G__ G__C ___

T ______ A __T____

C ___G _ A __T____

1. How long does it take the body to produce a copy of DNA in one cell?
6 to 8 hours

2. What size and unit of measurement is a tRNA molecule?


nm

3. What types of bonds hold complimentary bases together in double strands of DNA?
Hydrogen
Nevarez 4

Virtual Lab 2
1. Where does DNA build molecules of RNA?

2. How long (in base pairs) is the typical mRNA molecule?


Thousands
3. What does “splicing” mean with mRNA molecules and what is added to each end?

4. What is one group of 3 nucleotides of mRNA known as?


Codons
5. What is the purpose of rRNA (in relation to mRNA and tRNA)?
To make the structure of the ribosomes.

6. What is tRNA’s function?


To carry amino acids to the ribosome

7. What does tRNA use to recognize a complimentary mRNA molecule?


A anti-codon

8. What is the “central dogma” of molecular biology?


explains that DNA codes for RNA, which codes for proteins
Nevarez 5

Virtual Lab 3

What happens during transcription?

Cells make a copy of DNA out of mRNA

How is the pairing of DNA-to-DNA molecules different from DNA-to-RNA? (Think nucleotide pairing).

DNA pairing includes Thymine instead of Uracil which is particular of the RNA

What is the starting amino acid for translation and the start codon?

Methionine.

What determines the final shape of a protein?

The sequence of amino acids.

Bonus (optional)
Questions:

How are the two pentose sugars – ribose and deoxyribose – different from each other?

Ribose has one oxygen atom attached to every carbon atom while deoxyribose lacks one of those
oxygen molecules.
Nevarez 6

On the drawing below, complete the complementary bases of mRNA for the DNA provided. Hint: RNA
does not use thymine!

DNA - T G C C C A T G C T A A G C A C G T

mRNA - A C G G G U A C G A U U C G U G C U

DNA STRAND mRNA 1 Amino Acid 1 DNA strand 2 mRna 2 Amino acid 2
1
AAC UUG Leu TTG AAC Asn
CGA GCU Ala GCT CGA Arg
AAA UUU Phe TTT AAA Lys
TCA AGU Ser AGT ACA Thr
GAG CUC Leu CTC GAG Glu
CTT GAA Glu GAA CUU Leu
CGT GCA Ala GCA CGU Arg
TCA AGU Ser AGT UCA Ser
GGG CCC Pro CCC GGG Gly
TTC AAG Asn AAG UUC Phe
ATA UAU Tyr TAT AUA Lle

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