MSBTEs Study Material

<Program Code: CE>: <Course Code:22447>: <Course Name: Environmental Studies>: <Unit-1: Environment>: <UO: 1a and UO
1c>: <Study Material>

Enve.g.
<Dr. B. R. <03 July 2020> <Dr. D. K. Parbat>
Ambade>
Key words Learning Objective: Diagram/ Picture
No
Environment,
Biotic and To understand and describe environment, its e.g.
Liv
iroPlay
An-
Abiotic scope, need and issues in environment. Also to
Components, develop public awareness about environment.
Biotic
People ground
Scope,
Key Concept Map:
in
Com
nm Liv
biotic
Questions:
, ,
Define
environment?
g
pone
Childre ent in
Compo
Bench
What are the
components Or
nts g
nents
of n, es,
environment?
ga Or
Describe the
scope of Trees, Swings
environment? nis ga
Describe the Grass, , Slide,
need of
ms nis
environment?
Explanation of Concept:
Plants,
Key Definitions/ Formulas:
Air,
ENVIRONMENT IN SIMPLE WAY:
A place around us includes people, children, insects ms
Water,
Environment: Environment means the surrounding
benches, ground, grass, trees, insects, birds, external conditions influencing development or growth
sunlight, air, land, water, mountain etc.
Biotic components constantly interact and , Birds Mount
of people, animal or plants; living or working conditions
etc.
exchange things with each other as well as with the Biotic Components means living organism surrounding
A-biotic components for their survival and
existence.
etc. ain
us like trees, birds, insects, animals, humans, grass etc.
A-Biotic Components means non living things around us
SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES like air, water, land, sunlight, mountain, river, ocean.
By studying environmental science, students may
develop a breadth of the interdisciplinary and
etc.
methodological knowledge in the environmental
fields that enables them to facilitate the definition
and solution of environmental problems. The
scope of environmental studies is that, the current
trend of environmental degradation can be
reversed if people of educated communities are
organized and empowered; experts are involved in
sustainable development.
The major areas in which the role of
environmental scientists are of vital importance are
natural resources, ecosystems, biodiversity and its
conservation, environmental pollution, social issues
and environment human population and Interactions of various components of environment
environment.
NEED OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES:
• Environment Issues Being of International
Importance.
• Problems Cropped in The Wake of
Development.
• Explosively Increase in Pollution.
• Need for An Alternative Solution.
Solved word • Need To Save Humanity From Extinction.
Problem: • Need For Wise Planning of Development.
• Sustainable Development.
Answers of
above
questions are
covered in
study
material.

Application of Concept/ Examples in real life: Link to YouTube/ OER/ video:

The concept is useful in understanding the https://youtu.be/7G9eXI_DPn8

environmental issues and the knowledge shall Study of Environment
apply in our day to day life to safeguard the
environment.
Key Take away from this UO:
Understanding the environment and the scope of environment.
 MSBTEs Study Material
<Program Code: CE>: <Course Code:22447>: <Course Name: Environmental Studies>: < Unit-1:Environment>: <UO: 1b>:
<Study Material>
<Dr. B. R. <03 July 2020> <Dr. D. K. Parbat>
Ambade>
Key words: Learning Objective: Diagram/ Picture
Environment,
Atmosphere, To understand and describe various types of
Biosphere, environment.
Lithosphere,
Hydrosphere
Key Concept Map:
Questions:

Describe
various types
Envir
Atmoonme Biosp
of
environment
.
Describe
segments of
spher nt here
environment Lithos Hydro
. e
phere spher
e
 The
atmosphere Hydr
Bios
is osph
pher
composed ere:
e: Lithosp
of nitrogen The
Biosp here:
and oxygen. Hydr
here Lithosp
Besides, osph
indic here is ere
argon, the
ates
com
carbon outer
the
prise
realm
dioxide,mantle s all
ofand trace
of the type
living
gases. solid s of
organ earth. It wate
isms consists r
and of reso
their mineral urces
inter s ocea
actio occurrin ns,
ns g in the seas,
with earth’s lakes
envir crusts ,
onme and the river
nt, soil e.g. s,
viz mineral strea
atmo s, ms,
spher organic reser
e, matter, voir,
hydr air and polar
osph water. iceca
ere
ps,
and
glaci
lithos
ers,
pher
 grou
nd
wate
Solved word Explanation of Concept: Key Definitions/ Formulas:
r.
Problem: SEGMENTS OF ENVIRONMENT:
Atmosphere: The atmosphere implies the VARIOUS TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT :
Answers of protective blanket of gases, surrounding the 1. Natural (Physical Environment) :
above earth. The environment in its original form without the
questions are (a) It sustains life on the earth. interference of human beings is known as natural
covered in (b) It saves it from the hostile environment of environment. Natural environment includes all living
study outer space. and nonliving things occurring naturally on earth. It
material. (c) It absorbs most of the cosmic rays from operates through self regulating mechanism called
outer space and a major portion of the homeostasis i.e, any change in the natural ecosystem
electromagnetic radiation from the sun. brought about by natural processes is counter
(d) It transmits only here ultraviolet, visible, balanced by changes in other components of
near infrared radiation (300 to 2500 nm) and environment. Natural environment often used as a
radio waves. (0.14 to 40 m) while filtering synonym of habitat. Examples- Ecosystem and
out tissue-damaging ultra violate waves below Biodiversity. [2]
about 300 nm. 2. Man made or Anthropogenic Environment (Built
Hydrosphere: The Hydrosphere comprises all Environment) :
types of water resources oceans, seas, lakes, The environment changed or modified by the
rivers, streams, reservoir, polar icecaps, interference of human beings is called man made
glaciers, and ground water. environment. Man is the most evolved creature on
(i) Nature 97% of the earth’s water supply is in this earth. He is modifying the environment
the oceans, according to his requirements without bothering for
(ii) About 2% of the water resources is locked its consequences. Industrialization, urbanization and
in the polar icecaps and glaciers. population explosion are deteriorating the
(iii)Only about 1% is available as fresh surface environment more and more [1] Examples-
water-rivers, lakes streams, and ground water Infrastructure, Utilities, Institutions, housing,
fit to be used for human consumption and industries , parks, buildings, energy networks,
other uses. transportations, etc [2].
Lithosphere: Lithosphere is the outer mantle 3. Social Environment :
of the solid earth. It consists of minerals Social Environment includes an individual’s social,
occurring in the earth’s crusts and the soil e.g. economic and political condition wherein he lives.
minerals, organic matter, air and water. The moral, cultural and emotional forces influence
Biosphere: Biosphere indicates the realm of the life and nature of individual behaviour. (Customs,
living organisms and their interactions with Traditions, ethics, Language, Culture, Professions,
environment, viz atmosphere, hydrosphere Living conditions etc). The social environment refers
and lithosphere. to the immediate physical and social settings in which
people live and or in which something happens or
develop. It includes the culture that the individual
The atmosphere forms a protective shell over was educated or lives in, and the people and
the earth. The lowest layer, the troposphere, institutions with whom they interact [3].
the only part warm enough for us to survive in, 4. Psychological Environment:
is only 12 kilometres thick. The stratosphere is Although physical and social environment are
50 kilometres thick and contains a layer of common to the individual in a specific situation. Yet
sulphates which is important for the formation every individual has his own psychological
of rain. It also contains a layer of ozone, which environment, in which he lives. Kurt Lewin has used
absorbs ultra-violet light known to cause the term ‘life space’ for explaining psychological
cancer and without which, no life could exist environment. The Psychological environment enables
on earth. The atmosphere is not uniformly us to understand the personality of an individual.
warmed by the sun. This leads to air flows and Both the person and his goal form psychological
variations in climate, temperature and rainfall environment [2; 4].
in different parts of the earth.
The lithosphere began as a hot ball of matter STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENT : Environment consists
which formed the earth about 4.6 billion years both physical and biological. It includes both living and
ago. About 3.2 billion years ago, the earth non-living components.
cooled down considerably and a very special • Physical Environment –
event took place - life began on our planet.
The crust of the earth is 6 or 7 kilometres thick (i) Solid - The lithosphere (solid earth)
and lies under the continents. – Mountain Environment
The Biosphere is the relatively thin layer on (ii) Liquid - The hydrosphere (water
the earth in which life can exist. Within it the component) - Glacier Environment
air, water, rocks and soil and the living (iii) Gas - The atmosphere - Plateau Environnent &
creatures, form structural and functional Costal Environnent.
ecological units, which together can be • Biological Environment –
 considered as one giant global living system,
that of our Earth itself. (i) Plants (flora)
(ii) Animals (fauna)

Application of Concept/ Examples in real life: Link to YouTube/ OER/ video:

The concept is useful in understanding the https://youtu.be/7G9eXI_DPn8

environmental issues and the knowledge shall Study of Environment
apply in our day to day life to safeguard the
environment.
Key Take away from this UO:
Understanding the environment its types and elements.

MSBTEs Study Material

<Program Code:< CE>: <Course Code:22447>: <Course Name: Environmental Studies>: < Unit-1:Environment>: <UO: 1d>:
<Study Material>
<Dr. B. R. Ambade> <03 July 2020> <Dr. D. K. Parbat>
Key words: Learning Objective: Diagram/ Picture
Reduce, Reuse,
Recycle, Recover To describe the need of public awareness
about environment.
Key Questions: Concept Map:
CONCEPT Of 4Rs
Describe 4Rs.
Solved word Explanation of Concept: Key Definitions/ Formulas:
Problem: Public awareness about environment
► Educate the people about environmental CONCEPT Of 4Rs
Answers of above studies. ► Reduce: Prevent generation of waste in the
questions are ► Participation of people in environmental first place; by eliminating waste at source
covered in study issues. through better planning and design. Don’t
material. ► Implementation of principle of 4Rs. use a resource if there is an alternative.
► Adoption of eco-friendly technology. (Donate old things; Take good care of your
► Conserve the resources. things; choose walking / cycling than driving;
► Follow various acts on environment. Use glassware than paper wares).
► Practice and promote good civic sense ► Reuse: Use a resource again and again
and hygiene. without changing it or reprocessing it for
► Practice and promote to Reduce different functions than what they are
pollution. intended. (Old news papers used for packing;
► Join local movements that support Plastic and steel containers used for
activities like saving trees in your area, go plantation etc).
on nature treks, recycle waste, buy ► Recycle: Reproduce / remanufacture the
environmentally friendly products. new material by using recyclable waste as
► Join a group to study nature, such as raw material in its parent industry. (Paper,
WWF-1 or another environmental group Glass, Plastic, Metal, Rubber etc).
► Recover: Producing usable products or
energy by processing / treating the waste.
(biogas, fertilizer, Waste to energy etc).
► Benefits of 4R’s – Reduce waste, Reduce
pollution, Save energy, Save resources,
Improve economy, Create employment.

Application of Concept/ Examples in real life: Link to YouTube/ OER/ video:

The concept is useful in understanding the https://youtu.be/7G9eXI_DPn8

concept of 4Rs and public awareness, the Study of Environment
knowledge shall apply in our day to day life to
safeguard the environment and conserve
resources.
References
• Dr. Y. K. Singh, 2006. Environmental Science. NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS, New Delhi,
India.
• Prof. Erach Bharucha, 2004. Textbook for Environmental Studies. University Grants Commission, New Delhi.
India.
• Dr Prabhu Prasadini and Dr G.Swarajya Lakshmi, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, BIRM 301 Study Material.
• Jorge Morales Pedraza, 2013. WORLD MAJOR NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS AND THEIR NEGATIVE IMPACTIN THE
ENVIRONMENT, HUMAN HEALTH AND PUBLIC OPINION, IJEEE , Volume 21, Number 2 , pp 1-24.
• https://iasmania.com/greenhouse-effect-greenhouse-gases/
• www. Britanica.com
• www. Onlinesciencenote.com

Key Take away from this UO:

Understanding the environment issues and applies this knowledge during disasters, pandemic and epidemic situations.
Also use this knowledge to safeguard the environment.

MSBTEs Study Material

<Program Code: CE>: <Course Code:22447>: <Course Name: Environmental Studies>: < Unit-1:Environment>: <UO: 1e>:
<Study Material>
<Dr. B. R. <03 July 2020> <Dr. D. K. Parbat>
Ambade>
Key words: Learning Objective: Diagram/ Picture
Climate
change, To understand and describe various environmental
Green house issues.
effect,
Global
warming,
Acid rain.
Key Concept Map:
Questions:

Describe
various
environment
Envir
al issues.
onme
Green Clima
ntal
House
GlobaIssues Acid te
Effect l
Ozon Chang
rain
Nucle
Solved word Warm
Explanation e
of Concept: ar e Key Definitions/ Formulas:
Problem: GREEN HOUSE EFFECT:
ing A warmingAccid
Layer of Earth’s surface The phenomenon of increasing the temperature
Answers of and troposphere  (the lowest layer of of the earth as in artificial greenhouse gases is
above
questions
Deple ents
the atmosphere) caused by the presence of water
vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, and certain
called green house effect.
The gases which are responsible for the
are covered other gases in the air. Of those gases, known greenhouse effect are called greenhouse gases..
in study tion
as greenhouse gases, water vapour has the largest Environmental scientists estimated that the
material. effect. green house effect of carbon dioxide was 57%,
Effects on animals: chlorofluorocarbon was 25%, methane was 12%
It helps spread different types of diseases like and that of the oxides of nitrogen was 6%.
malaria, filariasis, cholera, and diarrhea etc due to
rise in temperature.
It helps increase the number of vectors like insects
transmitting diseases.
Effects on plants:
It affects water cycle, soil moisture and soil
composition. As a result, there is a change in
cultivation and harvesting periods of crops.
Due to the effect of global warming, tropical plants
are seen at the temperate region.
It also affects breeding, growth and development of
disease causing insects.
Effects on climate: • GWP is the global warming impact that a GHG
It increases the temperature of earth. would have over a 10-year timeframe
It brings about the melting of ice in the Polar • By definition, CO2 is used as the reference
Regions, which increases the sea level due to which benchmark.
the low land coastal areas may sink and go
underwater. What changes climate?
It also changes the pattern of rainfall and weather • Changes in:
conditions. – Sun’s output
GLOBAL WARMING is the warming of the earth – Ea
through carbon dioxide (CO2) being pumped into rth’s orbit
the atmosphere from tailpipes and smokestacks. – Dr
Then the gases trap heat like the glass in a ifting continents
greenhouse. This is where the term the – Vo
“greenhouse effect” came from. lcanic eruptions
Effects : – Gr
 Temperature increases eenhouse gases
 Glaciers melt
 Rising ocean levels.
 Alter forests, crop yields.
 Affect human health.
 Affect ecosystems.
 Season changes.

CLIMATE CHANGE
 Climate is the average weather at a given
point and time of year, over a long period
(typically 30 years).
 We expect the weather to change a lot from
day to day, but we expect the climate to
remain relatively constant.
 If the climate doesn’t remain constant, we call
it climate change.
ACID RAIN

Acid rain is basically rain that has a low pH.

 When fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural

gas are burned, chemicals like sulfur dioxide
and nitrogen oxides are produced. Climate Change

 These chemicals react with water and other

chemicals in the air to form sulfuric acid, nitric
acid and other harmful pollutants like sulfates
and nitrates. These acid pollutants spread
upwards into the atmosphere, and finally
return to the ground in the form of acid rain.

Effects of acid rain

Acid rain is an extremely destructive form of

pollution, and the environment suffers from its
effects. Buildings, Forests, trees, lakes, aquatic life,
animals, and plants suffer from acid rain. Acid Rain

DEPLETION OF OZONE LAYER

 Troposphere:
- The lowest layer (about 15 km from the
ground)
- Contains normal air composed of N2, O2,
water vapour, CO2, etc.
- Temperature decreases with altitude.
 Stratosphere:
- Above the troposphere
- Temperature increases with altitude Layers in atmosphere
- Contains a lot of ozone (ozone layer): Destruction of ozone Layer:
• Found in the stratosphere between Chlorine atoms from CFCs attack the ozone, taking
10 - 50km above the ground . away ozone and forming chlorine monoxide (ClO).
• Protects us from the harmful effects O3 + Cl à O2 + ClO
of UV of certain wavelengths. Chlorine monoxide then combines with another
• Decrease in ozone concentration à oxygen atom to form a new oxygen molecule and
Increase in UV-B radiation reaching a chlorine atom.
the earth surface. ClO + O à Cl + O2
The chlorine atom is free to destroy up to 100,000
Formation of ozone layer ozone molecules.
O2 + sunlight à O + O
O + O 2 à O3
Impacts of ozone layer depletion
 Sunburn, eye diseases (cataract),
 Reduce our immune system
 Skin Cancer
 Cataracts and Other Eye Damages
 Suppression of Immunity
 Reduce photosynthesis - crops affected.
 Reduce crop yield.
 Reduces plankton population
 Reduces penguin population Depletion of Ozone Layer
  Reduces the percentage of hatching of frog Since 1959, ten major nuclear accidents have been
eggs reported by five countries. These nuclear accidents
 Forming photochemical smog are the following:
 Degrades building materials  Fukushima, Japan - March 2011;
 Kashiwazaki, Japan - July 2007;
NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS  Mihama, Japan - August 2004;
When safety measures and principles are  Blayais, France - December 1999;
ignored or are not properly observed by nuclear  Tokaimura, Japan - September 1999;
plant operators, a nuclear accident can occurred  Tokaimura, Japan - March 1997;
with serious consequences for the environment,  Chernobyl, Ukraine - April 1986;
human health and public opinion.  Three Mile Island, USA - March 1979;
Impacts of Nuclear Accidents  The Urals, USSR - October 1958;
► develop cancer  Windscale, UK – October 1957.
► deaths
► Species extinction
► DNA alter
► Residual radioactivity in environment
(environmental pollution)
► High fever, diarrhoea, fatigue, mortality,
infection bleeding etc.
► Skin diseases
► Disturb aquatic life

Nuclear plant
Application of Concept/ Examples in real life: Link to YouTube/ OER/ video:

The concept is useful in understanding the https://youtu.be/7G9eXI_DPn8

environmental issues and the knowledge shall Study of Environment
apply in our day to day life to safeguard the
environment.
Key Take away from this UO:
Understanding the environment issues and applies this knowledge during disasters, pandemic and epidemic situations.
Also use this knowledge to safeguard the environment.