Prepared by:
Cikgu Mazinah bt Muda GCGKC
SM. Sains Tengku Muhammad Faris Petra 2020
Chapter 3 Coordination And Response
Role Of Hormones In Humans
The Human Endocrine System
Endocrine system is made up of endocrine glands
Endocrine Glands
secretes chemicals called hormones, which diffuse into the blood stream and circulated
all over the body.
Have no ducts or openings.
More general and slower effects compare to the nervous system.
Controls long-term changes like rate of growth, rate of activity, sexual development and
reproduction.
Works with the nervous system to help the body respond to stress. Example - release of
adrenaline in the fight or flight response.
Maintains homeostasis. Example - The control of blood sugar level, blood pH and blood
osmotic pressure.
ENDOCRINE (1)
SYSTEM duct less
(2)
(3)
Exocrine gland
Have ductus
(5) (6)
(4)
(a) Antidiuretic
hormone (ADH) Stimulates kidney to reabsorb water
from the collecting tubules.
Follicle-stimulating Stimulates production of mature egg
(b) hormone (FSH) and sperms.
(1)
(1) Stimulates ovulation and corpus luteum
Luteinising
(c) formation in females and production of
Pituitary hormone (LH)
sex hormone in males (testosterone).
gland
Tyroid stimulating Stimulates the synthesis and release of
hormone (TSH) thyroxine from the thyroid gland.
(d)
Growth hormone Stimulates protein synthesis and
(e) (GH) growth.
(a) Antidiuretic hormone
Structure
of
nephrone
urine
Stimulates kidney to reabsorb
water from the collecting tubules.
(b) Stimulates production of mature egg and sperms.
(c) CHAPTER 4 :
REPRODUCTION
Stimulates
ovulation and
corpus luteum
formation in
females and
production of
sex hormone
in males
(testosterone).
(d) BENIGN
TUMOURS
Stimulates the
synthesis and
release of
thyroxine from
the thyroid (2)
gland.
Function:
1. Increase the rate of cell metabolism
2. Control the growth (physical) and
mental development of children.
(e)
Stimulates
protein synthesis
and growth
Prepares the body in dangerous
situation by increasing heart rate,
breathing rate, blood pressure,
blood flow to the muscles and
(3)
glucose level in the blood.
t io n
nc
fu e t e
s ecr
Regulates the reabsorption of
sodium ions in the kidney
• Regulates blood sugar level:
- Stimulates the conversion of
excess glucose into glycogen
which is stored in liver and
muscle cells
- Lower the level of glucose in
the blood.
• Regulates blood sugar level:
- Stimulates the breakdown of
glycogen to glucose
(4)
- Increase the level of glucose in
the blood
• Repair uterus lining (endometrium)
after menstruation
• Stimulates the development of
female secondary sexual
characteristics.
(6)
• Maintains the thickness of
endometrium for implantation of a
developing embryo
(5)
spermatogenesis
• Stimulates sperm production an development of testes
• Stimulates development of secondary sexual characteristics in males
HORMONE SECRETION
Regulated by
[a] another
hormone
[c] the level of
[b] nervous certain
Ex: system substances.
Pituitary gland TSH
thyroid gland thyroxine
Hypothalamus Regulation
-impulse ADH Glucose level
The Involvement of Both
Nervous System and Endocrine System
in a Fight or Flight Situation
Biobrain : Describe the reaction that occurs when
someone is chase by a fierce dog.
P1: Eye receptors detect stimuli (dogs) and trigger nerve impulses carried by
sensory neurone to the hypothalamus.
P2: The hypothalamus sends impulses directly to the adrenal medulla.and
stimulates adrenal medullary cells to secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline
hormones into the bloodstream and transport them to target organs such as the
heart, smooth muscle blood vessels.
P3: As a result, heart rate, blood pressure, blood flow to the muscle increases.
P4: Respiration rate and blood glucose level increase.
P5: Therefore, metabolic rate increases.More energy is produced for muscle
contraction in stressful situations.
P6: The respond is either run away from the dog (run away) or kill the dog
(fight).
UNDER SECRETION ?
OVER SECRETION ?
- An abnormal increase in the
length of bones so the person
ADULT AGROMEGALY
grows abnormally tall(gigantism).
- During adulthood, causes
acromegaly where the bones,
hand, feet, cheeks and jaws
ticken, and other tissue enlarge.
THYROXINE
- Cretinism: mental and physical - Caused hyperthyroidism.
retardation in child -Increase in the metabolic
- During adulthood, causes rate .
hypothyroidism.
- The symptons are:
-The symptoms:
Goiter (enlarge thyroid gland) due •excessive sweating
to lack of iodine in diet. •heat intolerance
• slow heart rate • hood tremor
• low body temperature • nervousness
• high sensitivity to cold • bulging eyes and
• general lethargy and • weight loss
• tendency to gain weight
easily.
- Thyroid gland also enlarge.
INSULIN
- Hyperglycaemia caused by high level - hypoglycaemia : caused
of glucose in the blood. by low
- Kidney excretes glucose with urine ( D. level of glucose in the
mellitus) blood.
- Common symptoms are: - Common symptoms are:
• an increased frequency, of • fatigue, insomnia,
urination, excessive thirst, numbness or mental confusion,
burning sensation in the feet, ankles nervousness, mood swings,
and legs, blurred or poor vision, fatigue fainting spells and
and, slow healing of wounds. headaches.
- Patient are usually injected with insulin. - Severe hypoglycaemia
can cause convulsions and
unconsciousness
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE / ADH
- Patient excretes a large amount of urine
(diabetes insipidus).
- Fragment urination
- Excessive thirst and drink
frequently.
high retention of water in the
body (oedema).
