CHAPTER 2: Quadratic Functions

Fungsi Kuadratik

PBD 2.1 Quadratic Equations and Inequalities Textbook: pp. 36 – 44

Persamaan dan Ketaksamaan Kuadratik
A. Solve the following quadratic equations by completing the square.
Selesaikan persamaan kuadratik berikut dengan kaedah penyempurnaan kuasa dua. LS2.1.1 PL1

TIPS
2x2 + 5x – 8 = 0 Before performing the method
2
Divide by the coefficient of x , that is 2. of completing the square, ensure
2
Bahagi dengan pekali x , iaitu 2.
2x2 + 5x – 8 = 0 that the coefficient of x2 is 1.
Sebelum melakukan kaedah
x2 + 5 x – 4 = 0 penyempurnaan kuasa dua, pastikan
2 pekali x2 ialah 1.
x2 + 5 x = 4
Move 4 to the right hand side.
Pindahkan 4 ke sebelah kanan.
2
2 2
x2 + 5 x + 冢 5 冣 = 4 + 冢 5 冣 Add 冢
coefficient of x 2
2 4 4 2 冣 to both sides of the equation.
2
冢x + 54 冣 = 89 pekali x 2
Tambah 冢 冣 di kedua-dua belah persamaan.
16 2

x + 5 = ± 89 Complete the square.

4 16 Sempurnakan kuasa dua.
x=± 89 – 5 5 5 2
x2 + x + 冢 冣 = 冢x + 冣
5 2
16 4 2 4 4
= 1.1085 or/atau –3.6085

1. 3x2 + 7x – 12 = 0 2. –4x2 + 11x – 5 = 0

3x2 + 7x – 12 = 0 –4x2 + 11x – 5 = 0

7 4x2 – 11x + 5 = 0
x2 + x – 4 = 0
3 11 5
x2 – x + = 0
7 4 4
x2 + x = 4
3 11 5
2 x2 – x = –
7 2
7
x2 + x + 冢 冣7
=4+ 冢 冣 4
2
4
11 2
3 6
7 2 193
6 11
x2 – x + 冢 冣11
=– +
5
冢 冣
冢
x+ 冣 =
4 8
11 2 41
4 8
6
7
36
冢x– 冣 8
=
64
x + = ± 193
6 36 11
x– = ± 41
193 7 8 64
x=± –
36 6 11
x = ± 41 +
= 1.149 or/atau –3.482 64 8
= 2.175 or/atau 0.575

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 B. Solve the following quadratic equations by using the formula: –b ± b2 – 4ac
Selesaikan persamaan kuadratik berikut dengan menggunakan rumus: x= LS2.1.1 PL1
2a

5x2 – 7x – 10 = 0
Identify the values of a, b and c first.
a = 5, b = –7, c = –10 Kenal pasti nilai-nilai a, b dan c dahulu.

–(–7) ± (–7)2 – 4(5)(–10) Be aware of the negative sign (–). For example, b2 is (–7)2 instead of –72.
x= Berhati-hati dengan tanda negatif (–). Misalnya, b2 ialah (–7)2 dan bukannya –72.
2(5)
7 ± 249
=
10
Use a calculator to get this value.
= 2.2780 or/atau –0.8780 Guna kalkulator untuk mendapat nilai ini.

1. x2 + 9x + 4 = 0 2. 3x2 – 11x + 6 = 0
a = 1, b = 9, c = 4 a = 3, b = –11, c = 6
–9 ± 92 – 4(1)(4) –(–11) ± (–11)2 – 4(3)(6)
x= x=
2(1) 2(3)
–9 ± 65 11 ± 49
= =
2 6
= –0.4689 or/atau –8.5311 2
= 3 or/atau
3

3. –2x2 + x + 5 = 0 4. x(6x – 1) = 7x + 13
a = –2, b = 1, c = 5 6x2 – 8x – 13 = 0
a = 6, b = –8, c = –13
–1 ± 12 – 4(–2)(5)
x=
2(–2) –(–8) ± (–8)2 – 4(6)(–13)
x=
–1 ± 41 2(6)
=
–4 8 ± 376
=
= –1.3508 or/atau 1.8508 12
= 2.2826 or/atau –0.9492

NOTES
If α and β are the roots of quadratic equation, then the quadratic equation is x2 – (α + β)x + αβ = 0, where α + β is the sum of roots
(SOR) and αβ is the product of roots (POR).
Jika α dan β ialah punca-punca persamaan kuadratik, maka persamaan kuadratik ialah x2 – (α + β)x + αβ = 0, dengan keadaan α + β ialah
hasil tambah punca (HTP) dan αβ ialah hasil darab punca (HDP).

C. Form a quadratic equation from the given roots, α and β.

Bentukkan persamaan kuadratik daripada punca-punca, α dan β, yang diberi. LS2.1.2 PL2

α = –4, β = 9

Method 1/Kaedah 1: (x – α)(x – β) = 0 Method 2/Kaedah 2: x2 – (α + β)x + αβ = 0

[x – (–4)](x – 9) = 0 Watch out for the α + β = –4 + 9 x2 – (α + β)x + αβ = 0
(x + 4)(x – 9) = 0 negative sign. =5 x2 – (5)x + (–36) = 0
Berhati-hati dengan
2
x – 9x + 4x – 36 = 0 tanda negatif. αβ = (–4)(9) x2 – 5x – 36 = 0
x2 – 5x – 36 = 0 = –36

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02 MAMD 2021 ADD MATHS TG4-CHP02(NM)-ZAH1P.indd 19 11/24/20 12:53 PM