11

INTRODUCTION TO THE
PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN
PERSON
 Guided Learning Activity
Kit Choice and Consequence
Quarter 2 - Week 1
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Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person – Grade 11
Guided Learning Activity Kit
Choice and Consequence
Quarter 2 - Week 1

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Choice and
 Consequence Introduction

The human person is an important subject in Philosophy. To have an

understanding of the nature and condition of the person is one of the foremost
goals of the discipline.

Have you wondered what makes you special? Your special traits make you
unique from the rest of the creatures in existence. One of the special traits that
makes you unique is your ability to think and act accordingly.

You are free to decide what to choose. When you decide, you think about all
the considerations and the possible consequences involved. You are the cause of
your own decisions and actions.

This learning activity sheet will help you understand that there are
consequences when you are making choices and some things are given up while
others are obtained in making choices. Further, this will also help you evaluate and
exercise prudence in making choices.

Are you more than ready to know more?

Learning Competency
Evaluate and exercise prudence in choices (PPT11/12-IIa-5.2)
a. Choices have consequences (PPT11/12-IIa-5.1)
b. Some things are given up while others are obtained in making choices
(PPT11/12- IIa-5.3)

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Objectives

After completing this guided learning activity, you are expected to:
1. state that human freedom is the reason in making choices; 2.
appreciate and evaluate the consequences of making choices; and 3.
practice prudence in making choices.
 Review
In your other subjects, you have learned about the cause-and-effect
relationship to determine how various situations relate in terms of origins and
results.
Before you proceed to the new lesson, answer this activity about cause-and
effect relationship.
Directions: Match the cause in column A to its effect in column B. Write the letter of
the correct answer on your answer sheet.
Column A Column B
1. A strong wind blew the roof of the house a. leads to lung cancer.

2. Because the alarm was not set b. coral reefs die. 3. Since classes were
cancelled c. so, the cake did not come out as expected.
4. When the ocean is extremely polluted d. the family found another place to
live.
5. John made a rude comment e. therefore, she got good grades.
6. The meal we ordered was cheaper than f. therefore, global warming happens.
expected g. so, we ordered another meal.
7. There has been an increase in
greenhouse gases h. so, his father reminded him not to do it
8. Betty completed each task carefully and again.
diligently i. we stayed at home and helped in doing
9. Maria did not follow the recipe correctly household chores.
10. Excessive smoking of cigarettes j. I woke up late.

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Discussion
A person possesses characteristics that validates him or her as a person.
These characteristics make him or her unique from the rest of the creatures in
existence.

The graphic organizer below shows the different characteristics that validate
you as a person.

A Person

has awareness of self has self able to reach out and has dignity
determination interact with others
According to research, self determination is one Concept in Focus
of your capabilities to make choices and
decisions. It likewise regulates your own actions, Self – Determination It is your capacity to
be goal-oriented and self-directed (Abella 2016). determine your decisions and actions amidst
the constraining conditions.

Before you proceed to studying the choices and

their consequences, you have to understand that your
freedom is the reason why you choose.

The Human Freedom

Freedom is one of the important properties you own as a person. There are
two elements that define freedom.
1. Voluntariness. It is your ability to act out your own free will and self
determination. This means that you may decide to act or not to act. Your
decision is made from your own free-will. Therefore, voluntary acts are free acts
with moral values.
2. Responsibility. This means that you are accountable to the consequences of
your actions. When you act whether good or bad, you are responsible for it and
its consequences.

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The elements of freedom define your actions and gives meaning to your
experiences. You can reflect on your actions to better understand them and guide
you towards making the best possible decision.
Further, freedom is classified into three kinds, namely:
1. Physical Freedom. It refers to your freedom to go where you want to go. This is
also called freedom of mobility.
2. Psychological Freedom. It is also called the freedom of choice. It means that you
are free to do what you think is right and wise. You are free to act or not to act
in a certain situation.
3. Moral Freedom. This is using freedom in a manner that defends human dignity
and goodness. Use your freedom to your advantage and for your well-being,
because if you become less free, you will be deprived of so many things.
Now that you have learned the elements and kinds of freedom, which among
the classifications of freedom refers to your freedom to choose? Yes, you are right in
identifying the psychological freedom as the freedom of choice. Indeed, you are free
to make choices and perform actions. However, you are responsible to your choices
and its consequences.

Read and
reflect on the
situation.

You were on
your way
home from a
friend’s home when
you stumbled upon
 a wallet. The
wallet contains large amount of
cash as well as some
Identification Cards of the owner.
You knew you needed a budget to
complete a project you were
working on.
What will you do?

What will be your most truthful action? You may consider the following
options and act based on the situation:
(a) Turn over the wallet to the nearest police station and tell the police where and
how did you find the wallet;
(b) Take the money and buy the things you needed to complete your project on time;
and
(c) Ignore the wallet and go home.

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Recall and reflect on your answer. Do you have the same options in mind?
Why did you choose to take that action among the possible choices? Can you explain
your action?

Freedom gives you the ability to choose a Concept in Focus

possible action in a given situation. Your free
will enables you to do actions and develop self Free will
determination. This makes you free. It is your ability to choose an action from
various options.

When you exercise freedom, you experience

the path of making choices. Though freedom gives
you the ability to think of countless decisions and
possible actions, you only get to choose one of
these decisions and act on it. Thus, you need to choose from among the many
choices.

What is a choice?
A choice is an act of selecting or deciding when faced with two or more
possibilities.
Have you experienced this situation?

Your mother told you to look after your younger sibling while she is in the
market buying essential things for the family. At the same time, your friends
invited you to play your favorite online game with them. What will you choose?

Whether you choose to look after your siblings or to play your favorite online
games with your friends, you make a choice. Whether you answer the activities in
your learning activity sheets or have a chat with someone you like, you still make a
choice. You choose what clothes to wear. You choose whether you go outside or stay
home. You choose which food to eat. You choose your friends you like to hang out
 with. You also choose what personality to show to other people. You always make
choices. You cannot avoid it.
Even abstaining to choose is an act of choosing, to abstain. Whatever you
become is the result of your own choice.
Whenever you choose something, it is called the freedom of choice. The
choices and actions you make will lead to consequences.

All Actions Have Consequences

As a free being, you must accept the consequences of your actions and be
responsible for them.

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Reflect on this.

You are holding your friend’s new cellphone. What

will happen if you hold it carefully and properly?
What will happen if you open your palm and let the
cellphone fall?

You may choose to hold it carefully or to let it fall. What will happen if you
hold it carefully or let it fall? Whatever your action is, whether good or bad, it
results to consequences. A consequence is the result or effect of your choices and
actions.
But how can you be so sure that what you choose is the best one? Recall the
ideas of Aristotle to give light to the question.

Concept in Focus
Thinking is volitional. As such, your
will is at work whenever you make a choice. The
will is meaningless apart from the intellect
(Ramos 2016).

For Aristotle there is a relationship between the

will and the intellect.
Volition or Will
It is the cognitive
process by which an
individual decides
on and commits to
a particular course
of action.
 This is true. For how could your ideas be translated into action when you do
not will it? Therefore, your intellect guides your will in making choices. The absence
of the intellect or reasoning means absence of the will, too.
For example, you think of completing your learning tasks. Your idea remains
an idea unless your will converts it into action. If your will decides to complete your
learning tasks, then your action leads to completing your tasks. However, if your
will decides not to complete your tasks, then your action leads to not completing
your tasks.
Can you now clearly see the interconnection among reason, will and action?
Reasoning therefore is important in determining the nature and quality of your
actions. Since the choices are products of your actions, you can say that the
choices are the results of your reasoning. The nature and quality of your choices is
the product of how you reason out.
How then is reasoning being evaluated in making judgements with regards to
your behavior when making a choice?

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The great philosopher St. Thomas Aquinas suggested the fourfold
classification of law which will guide you the way you think. The knowledge or
ignorance of these laws determine your actions; thus, your choices.

Classification
of Laws

Eternal Law Natural Law Human Law Divine Law

1. Natural law states that good should be sought after and evil should be avoided.
This principle means that you have the characteristics for preservation of life.
Any actions then that violates this principle is a choice that is not good and is
evil.

2. Human law is based upon the concept of maintenance of desirable virtues.

natural law and is directed towards the Concept in Focus
common good and serves as instrument in the
promotion of virtue. Human laws are therefore Virtue
created to uphold common good through It is a trait or quality of being morally good. It
shows high moral standards.

3. Eternal law can be understood as “the mind of

God”. God stands as ruler to the universe which
He created. And when God’s wisdom is
understood as God Himself which is unchanging
and eternal, eternal law exists.
Therefore, the wisdom that you have in
everything is drawn out from the wisdom of God since all things were created by
Him.
 4. Divine law guides the act of going beyond since human and natural laws are
limited by humanity’s nature. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, since you are
destined to go beyond your nature, you need a law to guide you towards that
destiny.

The classification of laws adopted by St. Thomas Aquinas makes you aware
that the nature and quality of your actions can be evaluated. You can therefore say
that the choices you make are also evaluated by the same laws since your choices
are the products of your action.

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It is exciting to know that you can greatly influence the consequences of your
choices. Bear in mind that your actions are only realized when there is the will to
do it. Choosing is a form of action.
Now, you have learned that all choices and actions always have
consequences. Do you now agree that the consequences of your actions are the
results of how you think? Therefore, it is very important for you to exercise caution
and prudence in making decisions or doing actions.

Prudence in Choices

Prudence is a virtue of deliberation, taking into is about understanding what is good for others
consideration the possible consequences of your and ultimately for yourself.
decisions and taking the actions that are best.
Concept in Focus
This gives you the ability to pursue a correct
action in various situations. When you face a Prudence
decision, consider the various ways to morally It is an act of making good judgment that
achieve your desired end. Therefore, prudence allows you to avoid risks. It also means careful
or cautious judgement in making decisions.

You have to realize that a prudent person is

not driven by compulsion or hasty decision. You
must be cautious in making decisions by weighing
the consequences of your actions or decisions
before they happen.
When you want
Concept in Focus
something, you
act to get it
when the occasion arises, thus your behavior is Concept in Focus
completely determined. This is your Autonomous Being is a person that does not
responsibility as an autonomous being. have any authority other than his or her
reason.
 Rational Choice the available choices.
Theory states that Rational choice gives you an idea that your
you rely on rational action passes through and is a result of
calculations to choosing processes between several options.
achieve outcomes
which provide you Note that since your action is a result of a
with the greatest choosing process among options, it could mean
benefit or that there are options that are not chosen.
satisfaction given by Therefore, there are options which are given up.

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For example, if you are thinking of whether you are attending your classes or
not, the two options are:
A. you will attend classes, and
B. you will not attend classes.
If you choose not to attend classes, then you chose option B, thus giving up
or forgoing option A which is you will attend classes.
Life is full of possibilities; no one should control it. Defining and
conceptualizing insist on regarding one aspect of life at the same time disregarding
the other. You are responsible within your power to do what you can and you are
likewise certain within your power that there are things you cannot do unless you
try. Whatever difference you make, you are responsible for it.

Activities
Guided Practice 1: Complete Me!
Directions: Reflect on the actions and their consequences. Write your
answers on your answer sheet.
Actions Consequences

1. You drink liquor together

with your friends

2. You did not help your sibling

in doing his or her learning
tasks

3. Though you are not

allowed, you still pursue
your
relationship with someone

4. You disobeyed your parents

 5. You excessively play
online games

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Guided Practice 2: Do Not Tempt Me!
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Complete the graphic organizer below. Write
the answers on your answer sheet.

You are together with your best friend in their house. Coming out from his/her
room, he/she pulls out a stick of cigarette and lights it up. He/she invites you to
do the same. What will you do?

Independent Practice: Stop and Think!

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Complete the graphic organizer below. Write
your answers on your answer sheet.

It is recess time and everyone is out on the playing field including your
teacher. At that time, you needed to go to the toilet. On your way, you passed by
your classroom and noticed that someone was inside. Out of curiosity, you peeked
in and saw that one of your friends reached into the desk of a classmate and took
something out of it. You quickly moved past the door to avoid being caught.
Just before the lunch bell rang, one of your classmates approached your
Teacher and complained that all the contents of his pencil case including some
money were all gone. What will you do?

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What is the Values

problem?
 Consequences

Assessment
Choices

Decision

Directions: Read the sentences carefully. Select the correct answer from the word
box which is being described by each sentence. Write your answers on your answer
sheet.

Operant conditioning Self-determination Volition or Will Freedom

Psychological Freedom Physical Freedom Responsibility
Voluntariness Consequence Prudence Autonomous Being Human
Person

1. This is the ability to make choices and perform actions and is an essential
unique trait of the human person.
2. This is a kind of freedom from any physical restraint.
3. This is known as the freedom of choice.
4. This is the ability to act out of one’s own free will and self-determination.

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5. This refers to the person being accountable for his or her actions and
their consequences.
6. It is one that does not have an authority other than its reason .
7. This is known as the results of an action.
8. It is an act of making a good judgement that allows a person to avoid risks.
9. It is the cognitive process by which an individual decides on and commits
to a particular course of action.
10. It is an innate capacity of the human person to determine his/her
decisions and actions and ultimately his/her own life amidst
constraining conditions.

Reflection: It’s Your Choice!

Directions: Read the Choice Card. Write the possible positive or good
consequence of that choice in the Positive box. Write the possible negative or bad
consequences of that choice in the Negative box. Write all your answers on your
notebook.

Choice Card: You have a

summative test tomorrow, but you
are being invited to play online
games at a friend’s house. What
would happen if you choose to
stay at home and study your
lessons?

POSITIVE NEGATIVE

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References
Abella, R., 2016. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. 1st ed.
Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.

Camiloza, L., Garnace, E., Mazo, R. and Perez, E., 2016. Philosophy of the
Human Person: An Introductory Text for Senior High School. 1st ed.
Quezon City: The Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Ramos, C., 2016. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. 1st ed.
Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.

ThoughtCo. 2020. Learn How Rational Choice Theory Explains Your Economic
Decisions. [online] Available at: <https://www.thoughtco.com /rational-
choice-theory-3026628> [Accessed 4 November 2020].
 13 | P a g e
Answers may vary – Reflection

determination - Self 10.

Volition or Will 9.
Prudence 8.
Key to Corrections Consequence 7.
Autonomous Being 6.
Responsibility 5.
Voluntariness 4.
Freedom Psychological 3.
Physical Freedom 2.
Freedom 1.
Assessment
 h 5.
a 10. b 4.
c 9. i 3.
e 8. j 2.
f 7. d 1.
g 6. Review

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Acknowledgment

The Schools Division of Zambales

would like to express its heartfelt gratitude
to the following, who in one way or the
other, have contributed to the successful
preparation, development, quality
assurance, printing, and distribution of the
Quarter 2 Guided Learning Activity Kits
(GLAKs) in all learning areas across grade
levels as a response to providing the
learners with developmentally-appropriate,
contextualized and simplified learning
resources with most essential learning
competencies (MELCs)-based activities
anchored on the principles of guided
learning and explicit instruction:

First, the Learning Resources (LR)

Development Team composed of the writers
and graphic artists for devoting much of
their time and exhausting their best efforts
to produce these indispensable learning kits
used for the implementation of learning
delivery modalities.

Second, the content editors, language

reviewers, and layout evaluators making up
the Division Quality Assurance Team
(DQAT) for having carefully evaluated all GLAKs to ensure quality and
compliance to DepEd standards;

Third, the Provincial Government of Zambales, for unceasingly

extending its financial assistance to augment the funds for the printing of
these learning resources for use by learners and parents at home;

Fourth, the teacher-advisers and subject teachers, in close

coordination with the school heads, for their weekly distribution and
retrieval of the GLAKs and for their frequent monitoring of the learners’
progress through various means; and

Finally, the parents and other home learning facilitators for giving the
learners the needed guidance and support for them to possibly accomplish
the tasks and for gradually helping them become independent learners.

To deliver learning continuity in this challenging circumstance would

not be possible without your collective effort and strong commitment to
serving our Zambaleño learners.

Again, our sincerest thanks!

The Management Team

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