Training
ISO standard 10816
Bruno Fouille
01dB-Stell Asia Pacific
Condition Monitoring technical support
[email protected]
I SO standard 10816
CMS
The standard evolutions
The international standard ISO 10816 (1995) replaces the
former standard ISO 2372 (1974).
The text modification are related to the following points:
9 Evaluation of the vibration severity according 2 criterions :
 Vibration magnitude
 Change in the vibration magnitude
9 The use of other unit and parameters is now possible :
 Broad bands in acceleration or displacements
 Narrow bands in acceleration, velocity or displacements
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
The standard evolutions
These evolutions aim to allow:
9 A better standard adequacy to the machines at slow or fast
speed (≤ 600 r/min or ≥ 12000 r/min)
9 Taking into account of the measurement tools improvements
and in particular the generalization of the use of the
frequency analyzers.
9 Taking into account of specificities of the various categories
of machine according to their type, their installation status,
and their operation parameters
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
ISO 10816 : Mechanical vibration – Evaluation of machine
vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts
ISO 10816-1 : General guidelines
ISO 10816-2 : Large land-based steam turbine generator sets
in excess of 50MW
ISO 10816-3 : Industrial machines with nominal power above
15KW and nominal speeds between 120 r/min
and 15000 r/min when measured in situ
ISO 10816-4 : Gas turbine sets excluding aircraft derivatives
ISO 10816-5 : Machine sets in hydraulic power generating and
pumping plants
ISO 10816-6 : Reciprocating machine above 100 kW
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
Monitoring principle
The evaluation of the vibrations is based on the following
principles :
9 Measurement of the velocity using a broad band
9 Comparison to acceptance criteria depending on the
machine’s class, type and power : Criteria 1
9 Comparison of the change in the vibration magnitude to
acceptance criteria : Criteria 2
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
Velocity acceptance criteria : general shape
VRMS : allowable RMS velocity,
in mm/s
k m
VA : constant RMS velocity, in
VRMS=VA.G. FZ . FY
mm/s, which applies between
FX FW
fx and fy for zone A
G : factor which define the
Vitesse en mm/s
Zone D zone boundaries
example :
Zone C
z G=1 for zone A
Zone B z G=2.56 for zone B
z G=6.4 for zone C
Zone A k et m : constants for a given
machine type
FL FX FY FU
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
Evaluation zone limits
Zone A : The vibration of newly commissioned machine
would normally fall within this zone
Zone B : Machine with vibration within this zone are normally
considered acceptable for unrestricted long term
operation
Zone C : Machines with vibration within this zone are
normally considered unsatisfactory for long-term
continuous operation. Generally, the machine may
be operated for a limited period in this condition
until a suitable opportunity arises for remedial
action
Zone D : Vibration values within this zone are normally
considered to be of sufficient severity to cause
damage to the machine
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
ISO 10816-2 : Large land-based steam turbine
generator sets in excess of 50MW
 RMS velocity value VRMS during nominal and steady
running conditions
 Broad band measurements [10-A] Hz – A > 500 Hz
 The zone limits are given according the machine
rotational speed
z 1500 / 1800 r/min
z 3000 / 3600 r/min
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
ISO 10816-2 : Large land-based steam turbine
generator sets in excess of 50MW
VRMS (mm/s)
Zone Limits
1500 / 1800 r/min 3000 / 3600 r/min
A/B 2.8 3.8
B/C 5.3 7.5
C/D 8.5 11.8
D
C
B
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
ISO 10816-3 : Industrial machines with nominal
power above 15kW and nominal speeds between 120
r/min and 15000 r/min when measured in situ
 RMS velocity value VRMS and RMS displacement DRMS
during nominal and steady running conditions
 Broad band measurements [10-1000] Hz
if speed > 600 RPM
 Broad band measurements [2-1000] Hz
if 120 < speed < 600 RPM
 The zone limits are given according the machine group
and mounting type
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
ISO 10816-3 : Industrial machines with nominal
power above 15kW and nominal speeds between 120
r/min and 15000 r/min when measured in situ
 Group 1 : Large machine with rated power above 300kW
and not more than 50 MW ; electrical machine with shaft
height H > 315 mm
Support class Zone boundary DRMS (µm) VRMS (mm/s)
Rigid A/B 29 2.3
Rigid B/C 57 4.5
Rigid C/D 90 7.1
Flexible A/B 45 3.5
Flexible B/C 90 7.1
Flexible C/D 140 11.0
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
ISO 10816-3 : Industrial machines with nominal
power above 15kW and nominal speeds between 120
r/min and 15000 r/min when measured in situ
 Group 2 : Medium-size machine with rated power above
15 kW up to including 300 kW ; electrical machine with
shaft height 160mm < H < 315 mm
Support Class Zone Boundary DRMS (µm) VRMS (mm/s)
Rigid A/B 22 1.4
Rigid B/C 45 2.8
Rigid C/D 71 4.5
Flexible A/B 37 2.3
Flexible B/C 71 4.5
Flexible C/D 113 7.1
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
ISO 10816-3 : Industrial machines with nominal
power above 15kW and nominal speeds between 120
r/min and 15000 r/min when measured in situ
 Group 3 : Pumps with multivane impeller and separate
driver (centrifugal, mixed flow or axial flow) with rated
power above 15 kW
Support Class Zone Boundary DRMS (µm) VRMS (mm/s)
Rigid A/B 16 2.3
Rigid B/C 36 4.5
Rigid C/D 56 7.1
Flexible A/B 26 3.5
Flexible B/C 56 7.1
Flexible C/D 90 11.0
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
ISO 10816-3 : Industrial machines with nominal
power above 15kW and nominal speeds between 120
r/min and 15000 r/min when measured in situ
 Group 4 : Pumps with multivane impeller integrated
driver (centrifugal, mixed flow or axial flow) with rated
power above 15 kW
Support class Zone boundary DRMS (µm) VRMS (mm/s)
Rigid A/B 11 1.4
Rigid B/C 22 2.8
Rigid C/D 36 4.5
Flexible A/B 18 2.3
Flexible B/C 36 4.5
Flexible C/D 55 7.1
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
ISO 10816-4 : Gas turbine sets excluding aircraft
derivatives
 RMS velocity value VRMS during nominal and steady
running conditions
 Broad band measurements [10-B] Hz – B > 6 x Fo
Fo : shaft rotational frequency (Hz)
 The shaft rotational speed must be between 3000 r/min
and 20 000 r/min
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
ISO 10816-4 : Gas turbine sets excluding aircraft
derivatives
Zone boundary VRMS (mm/s)
A/B 4.5
B/C 9.3
C/D 14.7
Note : this value are can be use for
measurements in radial direction on the shaft
bearings and in axial direction on the thrust
bearings.
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
Criterion 2 : ALARM value
 The criterion 2 is based on the change in vibration
magnitude from a previously established reference value
(baseline)
 It is recommended that the ALARM value should be set
higher than the baseline by an amount equal to 25% of
the upper limit for zone B. If the baseline is low, the
ALARM may be below zone C
 It is recommended that the ALARM value should not
normally exceed 1.25 times the upper limit for zone B
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
Criterion 2 : TRIP value
 The criterion 2 is based on the change in vibration
magnitude from a previously established reference value
(baseline)
 It is recommended that the ALARM value should not
normally exceed 1.25 times the upper limit for zone B
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
Interim broad-band vibration criteria for specific
machines groups
 It is intended that evaluation criteria for specific
machine types will be provided in additional parts of ISO
10816 (so far : part 2 to 6). However, as a short-term
expedient only, limited evaluation criteria are provided
(from the former ISO 2372) until the relevant parts
become available.
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
Interim broad-band vibration criteria for specific
machines groups : Machine classification
 Class I : individual parts of engines and machines,
integrally connected to the complete machine in its
normal operating condition. (production electrical motors
of up 15kW are typical examples of machines in this
category)
 Class II : Medium size machines (typically electrical
motors with 15 kW to 75 kW output) without special
foundations, rigidly mounted engines or machines (up to
300kW) on special foundation
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
Interim broad-band vibration criteria for specific
machines groups : Machine classification
 Class III : Large prime-movers and other large
machines with rotating masses mounted on rigid and
heavy foundation which are relatively stiff in the
direction of vibration measurements
 Class IV : Large prime-movers and other large machines
with rotating masses mounted on foundation which are
relatively soft in the direction of vibration measurements
(for example turbo generator sets and gas turbines with
outputs greater than 10MW)
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I SO standard 10816
CMS
Interim broad-band vibration criteria for specific
machines groups : Machine classification
Zone boundary limits
45
Velocity in mm/s
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D D
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D D
11.2 C
7.1 C
4.5 C B
2.8 C B
1.8 B
1.12 B
0.71
A A
0.45
A A
0.28
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
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C onclusion
CMS
+ Provide a common reference between all different
part (end user, manufacturer, consultant)
+ Allow monitoring defects between 2 and 1000Hz
• Mass unbalance, misalignment, looseness, etc…
• This phenomenon represents most of the problems while
commissioning
, Does not allow to monitor all the possible
mechanical defects (above 1000Hz)
• Ball bearing general wear, ball bearing flaws, gearmesh,
hydraulic defect, lubrication, etc…
• Additional parameter must be used to have a “state of art”
monitoring
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