Basic Statistics
Quarter 3 – Module 2
Fractiles
FRACTILES - are point measures which divide the distribution into a given number of equal
parts.
THREE TYPRE OF FRACTILES :
1. QUARTILES – (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) are fractiles which divide distribution into 4 equal parts. The
divisor is 4.
2. DECILES – (D1, D2, ……….., D10) are fractiles that divide the distribution into 10 equal parts. The
divisor is 10.
3. PERCENTILES – (P1, P2 , ……… P100) are fractiles which divide the distribution into 100 equal
parts. The divisor is 100.
FRACTILES FOR UNGROUPED DATA
To set the location of fractiles we will use the formula :
For Quartiles Qx (n + 1)
4
For Deciles Dx (n +1)
10
For Percentiles Px (n + 1)
100
where : Qx, Dx, and Px are the desired fractiles and n is the number of scores.
If we are going to locate P20, Thus, PX = 20. For Q3, QX is equal to 3.
To get the value of quartile, decile and percentile, use the formula LsL + dpL ( HsL – LsL )
where :
LsL = lowest score of the location of the fractiles
dpL = decimal point of the location of fractiles
HsL = highest score of the location of fractiles
EXAMPLE 1
The following scores were obtained by 10 students in Physics class :
16, 28, 6, 18, 11, 14, 20, 8, 12 and 10. Find Q 3 and Q1.
SOLUTION :
a. Rank the scores from smallest to largest
6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 28
b. Calculate the position of Q3 and Q1
For Q3 : We divide 3 by 4. Since we are looking for Q3 and since it is quartile so our divisor
would be 4.
We will use the formula Qx (n + 1)
4
= 3 ( 10 + 1)
4
= 3 (11)
4
= 33
4
= 8.25
Note : The value 10 in the computation is the number of scores.
The position of Q3 is between 18 and 20.
To get the position of Q3, count the arranged scores from 1 to 10 consecutively.
6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 28
Then locate 8.25. So you can find it between the scores 18 and 20.
For Q1 : Qx (n + 1)
4
= 1 ( 10 + 1 )
4
= 1 ( 11 )
4
= 11
4
= 2.75
The position of Q1 is between the scores 8 and 10.
Applying the formula LsL + dpL ( HsL – LsL )
We have,
Q1 = 8 + 0.75 (10 – 8 )
= 8 + 0.75 (2)
= 8 + 1.5
= 9.5
Note : From the location of fractiles between 8 and 10, 8 is the lowest score of the location or
LsL and 10 is the highest score of the location or HsL. dPl is 0.75 from the previous answer 2.75.
For Q3 = 18 + 0.25 (20 – 18)
= 18 + 0.5
= 18.5
EXAMPLE 2
Suppose we have the following data : 25, 28, 9, 11, 12, 13, 16, 8, 20, 4
Solve for D6 and P38
SOLUTION :
a. Rank the scores from smallest to largest
4, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 16, 18, 20, 25
b. Calculate the position of D6 and P38
For D6 = Dx (n + 1)
10
= 6 ( 10 + 1)
10
= 6 ( 11 )
10
= 66
10
= 6.6
The position of D6 is between 13 and 16.
For P38 = Px (n + 1)
100
= 38 (10 + 1)
100
= 38 (11)
100
= 418
100
= 4.18
The position of P38 is between 11 and 12.
c. Get the value of the Decile and Percentile :
Use the formula LsL + dpL ( HsL – LsL )
For D6 = 13 + 0.6 (16-3)
= 13 + 0.6 (3)
= 13 + 1.8
= 14.8
For P38 = 11 + 0.18 (12-11)
= 11 + 0.18 (1)
= 11.18 or 11.2
LET’S DO THIS
1. Consider the following distribution :
8, 1, 3, 5, 7, 6, 10, 17, 24, 28, 15
Calculate the position , location and value of Q1, P45, P75 and D8
2. Given the following scores in English Examination :
26, 74, 34, 46, 72, 56, 67, 76, 39, 70
Calculate the position, location and value of Q3, D4, and P35
FOR GROUPED DATA
The formula to be used for grouped data are the following :
Px = Lx+ xN – CFup
100_______ l
Fx
Dx = Lx+ xN – CFup
100_______ l
Fx
Px = Lx + xN – CFup
100_______ l
Fx
where :
Px, Dx and Qx = the desired fractiles
Lx = the lower boundary of the fractile class
CFup = the cumulative frequency upward next lower than the fractile class
Fx = the frequency of the fractile class
NOTE : To use the formula, replace all x’s by the desired fractiles. Example, for P 37, X = 37 ; for
D5, X = 5 ; For Q1, X= 1.
EXAMPLE :
The data below shows the scores in a long quiz in English. Find Q3, Q1, Q2, D5 and P80.
