Grade 7- Science
Q4- Week 3
ORIENTAL MINDORO
NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
CRISTIA F. ROJAS
[email protected]
What is this module all about?
This module is all about The Layers of The Atmosphere. The atmosphere consists of
layers of air that surround the Earth. Some of the “air” is oxygen, which we breathe, but there
are also many other gasses, dust particles, and even some water vapor mixed into the air. In
this chapter, you will learn about the following topics.
LESSON 1. The Different Layers of the Atmosphere
LESSON 2. How Earth’s atmosphere affected by solar energy?
LESSON 3. Greenhouse and Global Warming
Lesson Objectives
After you go through this module, you are expected to;
1. identify the different layers of the atmosphere and its features,
2. explain the basis for the division of the layers of the atmosphere,
3. discuss how energy from the Sun interacts with the layers of the atmosphere
4. relate the importance of atmosphere to human kind.
How to do it?
I know you are excited to learn the new topic but in order to do it successfully, you need to
do the following:
1. Read and follow the instructions carefully.
2. Be sure to read all the topics before moving to a new one.
3. Always be honest and work diligently.
4. Answer the activities, and sum up test.
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
LESSON 1: The Different Layers of the Atmosphere
What is atmosphere?
The atmosphere consists of layers of air that surround the Earth. Some of the “air” is
oxygen, which we breathe, but there are also many other gasses, dust particles, and even some
water vapor mixed into the air.
Nitrogen = 78%
Oxygen = 21%
Argon = 0.9%
Trace Gase = 0.1%
Co2
nitrous oxide
Methane
Ozone
What are the different layers of the atmosphere?
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE
The atmosphere is divided into layers based on temperature
changes.
Troposphere
o The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere
that lies next to the Earth’s surface.
o It is the layer where we live.
o Most of the air that makes up the atmosphere is found in
the troposphere and is where virtually all weather takes
place.
o As you move up into the troposphere the temperature
decreases.
o At the top of this layer the air temperature is about - 60°C
(-76° F).
Stratosphere
o The stratosphere begins at the top of the
troposphere (15 km or 10miles) and extends to
about 50 kilometers (31 miles) above the surface of
the Earth.
o This layer is free from weather disturbance, that
why planes are used to fly on these layer.
o As you move up into the stratosphere the air
temperature actually increases.
o This occurs because of ozone.
o Ozone is a gas that absorbs solar radiation and
releases it as heat.
o The ozone layer/ ozonosphere is located at the
bottom of the stratosphere.
o The stratospheric or "good" ozone protects life on
Earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
Mesosphere
o The mesosphere begins at about 50 kilometers (31
miles) above the Earth’s surface and extends to 80
kilometers (50 miles).
o As you move up into the mesosphere, the air
temperature decreases.
o Temperatures at the top of this layer can drop to -
90°C (- 130°F ).
o This layer also protects the Earth.
o Meteoroids entering Earth’s atmosphere usually
burn up in the mesosphere.
Thermosphere
o The thermosphere is the outermost layer of the
Earth’s atmosphere 415 km away from the ground.
o This is also where the space shuttle orbits the Earth!
o The higher you move in this layer, the higher the
temperature.
o Temperatures in the thermosphere can reach 1,800°C
(3,300°F)!
o The beautiful colors of the
aurora borealis or
northern lights occur in
this atmospheric layer.
IONOSPHERE AND EXOSPHERE – they are part of
thermosphere. Sometime exosphere and thermosphere are listed as
separate layers.
• The IONOSPHERE is found at the bottom of the thermosphere
(close to the mesosphere). The layer of the Earth's atmosphere that
is ionized by solar and cosmic radiation.
• The EXOSPHERE is located at the top of the thermosphere. The
exosphere begins at about 500 kilometers above Earth and does
not have a specific outer limit. Satellites orbit Earth in the
exosphere.
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
DIRECTION: Name the different layers of the atmosphere and draw something that can
be observed in each layers.
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
LESSON 2: HOW EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE AFFECTED BY SOLAR ENERGY?
Atmosphere is very important to sustain life on Earth. Different layers have different
characteristic and purposes. The layers of Earth’s atmosphere is divided based on temperature
differences. The closer the atmospheric layer is to the Sun, e.g. (thermosphere and exosphere), the
hotter the temperature.
However, if one studies the temperature in the
lower layer, the reverse trend is observed. For example,
in the troposphere, the temperature close to Earth is
higher than the temperature above the ground.
How come?
The main reason why temperature decreases
with altitude in the troposphere is that it is heated from
below. The atmosphere is predominantly transparent to
sunlight, so the Sun heats the ground directly.
The ground warms the bottom layers of the
atmosphere by radiation and by convection.
Can you imagine that?
The situation is like water heated in a pan on the
stove--the water is hottest at the bottom and coolest at the
top.)
The variations are also due to changes in the
chemical and physical characteristics of the atmosphere
with altitude.
Hmmm…now I know !
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
Complete the following table.
LAYERS ESTIMATED ESTIMATED RELATIONSHIP EVENT HAPPENING IN OTHER
DISTANCE TEMPERATURE BETWEEN THAT LAYER INFORMATION
FROM THE TEMPERATURE
GROUND AND ALTITUDE
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
LESSON 3: Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
Hmm, before you understand
What is global
what is Global warming you
warming? should have understand what
is greenhouse effect
Are you familiar
with greenhouse?
This is the Greenhouse
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Greenhouse is a structure with walls and roof made chiefly
of transparent material, such as glass, in which plants requiring
regulated climatic conditions are grown.
In greenhouse sun’s heat can come in but cannot go out
and the trapped heat warm the green house.
Similarly, as these gases trap the sun’s heat,
they are called greenhouse gases. Greenhouse
gases are those gases in the atmosphere that have
an influence on the earth's energy balance. They
cause the so-called greenhouse effect. The best
known greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO₂),
methane and nitrous oxide, they can be found
naturally in low concentrations in the atmosphere.
The greenhouse effect is a process that occurs when gases
in Earth's atmosphere trap the Sun's heat. The greenhouse effect is
one of the things that makes Earth a comfortable place to live.
What happen if there were The Earth would be
no greenhouse gases to a very cold place
trap the sun’s radiation? where we would
not survive.
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
GREENHOUSE GAS is very
important to balance the
Earth atmospheric
temperature
But remember,
TOO MUCH OF
EVERYTHING IS Huh! you mean too much
DANGEROUS. of greenhouse gas is not
Yes! good in the earth
atmosphere?
Any changes to the Earth’s climate system
affect how much energy enters or leaves the
system alters Earth’s radiative equilibrium and can
force temperatures to rise. Rising temperature or
uneven heating of the Earth is what we called
GLOBAL WARMING.
Global warming is the ongoing rise of the average
temperature of the Earth's climate system and has been
demonstrated by direct temperature measurements and by
measurements of various effects of the warming.
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
What are the causes of
increasing greenhouse
gases?
Harmful effect
of human
activity
Human activity such as deforestation, smoke from the vehicle and factories contribute to
the increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Trees help as to maintain the balance
of carbon dioxide, but people continue cutting trees for some purposes.
Also, human tend to use some appliances and
chemical that contain CFC’s such as aerosol, and
refrigerant that causes Ozone depletion.
Ozone depletion is a gradual thinning
of Earth’s ozone layer specially in the part of Antarctica. ozone depletion is a major environmental
problem because it increases the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches Earth’s
surface, which increases the rate of skin cancer, eye cataracts, and genetic and immune
system damage.
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
Instruction: Investigate MAN MADE SOURCES of Greenhouse Gases. Write down key human
activities contribute to the following sources of greenhouse emission.
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
Instructions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the best answer for each number.
1. How does energy from the sun enter the atmosphere?
A. The sun energy enters anywhere in the space including Earth.
B. It reaches earth and enters the atmosphere through radiation
C. It enters the atmosphere by vibrating through air particles of the atmosphere
D. The plants in the Earth attract the sun energy making it enter the Earth’s atmosphere.
2. Why the presence of ozone is important for the survival of living thing on Earth?
A. It warms Earth’s surface.
B. It makes jet flying more comfortable
C. It helps in cloud formation.
D. It offers protection from the Sun’s harmful UV rays.
3. In which layer/region does the air go colder again as goes up higher? Also in this layer, the
meteors are burned into smaller fragments.
A. Mesosphere B. Thermosphere C. Stratosphere D. Troposphere
4. What are the basis for the division of the layers of the atmosphere?
A. Temperature B. Amount of oxygen C. weather patterns D. Composition of gases
5. It is the hottest layers of the atmosphere.
A. Troposphere B. Mesosphere C. Thermosphere D. Stratosphere
6. What layer of the atmosphere protect as from ultraviolet ray?
A. Ionosphere B. thermosphere C. Exosphere D. Ozone Layer
7. Why do hikers put on thicker clothes when climbing a high mountain?
A. For protection against insect bites
B. The air temperature decreases with altitude
C. So they can easily be located when they get lost
D. To add more weight so they will not be pushed by the wind
8. In which atmospheric layer is most water vapor and weather phenomenon are found?
A. Troposphere B. Mesosphere C. Stratosphere D. Thermosphere
9. Which of the following human activities contribute to global warming?
I. Planting trees in wider areas III. Deforestation
II. Burning fossil fuels IV. Overpopulation
A. I only B. II, III, IV C. I, II, III, IV D. IV only
10. It is the increase in global atmospheric temperature.
A. Global effect B. Greenhouse effect C. Greenhouse gases D. Global warming
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
Reference:
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance/page4.php
https://www.joboneforhumanity.org/what_is_global_warming_sign_up?gclid=CjwKCAjw5Ij2BRBdEiwA0
Frc9fYB-rnX1saEQEzN9qGJTKDnF7khs4XgmFpJ241TgIGwqz9NweDgoBoCrJEQAvD_BwE
http://www.theozonehole.com/ozonedestruction.htm
https://www.britannica.com/science/ozone-depletion
https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/EnergyBalance
https://www.britannica.com/science/greenhouse-effect
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
C.ROJAS, OMNHS 2020
