Matter

Section 1:

1. A state of matter having definite shape and definite volume - Solid

2. A state of matter with the largest inter-particle space – Gases

3. A change where the original substance undergoes change in its molecular composition –
Chemical change

4. The force of attraction or repulsion between matter particles – Interparticle force of

attraction

5. Anything that has mass and occupies space – Matter

6. The state of matter that has neither a definite shape nor definite volume – Gas

Write true or false and correct the false statements:

1. The random movement of particles of matter decreases when it is heated – False

Ans: The random movement of particles increases when it is heated

2. A gas has neither a fixed shape nor a definite volume – True

3. The process of a solid changing into a liquid on heating is called freezing – False

Ans: The process of a solid changing into liquid on heating is called melting

4. Dry ice, camphor and naphthalene undergo boiling when heated – False

Dry ice, camphor and naphthalene undergo sublimation when heated.

5. Anything that has mass and occupies space is atom. - False

Anything that has mass and occupies space is matter.

6. Liquids have a definite shape and a definite volume - False

Liquids do not have a definite shape but have a definite volume

7. Water vapour changes back to water on heating – False

Water vapour changes back to water on cooling

8. Dry ice undergoes sublimation – True

9. Heat cause an increase in the energy of rapidly moving particles – True

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10. A liquid substance changes into solid on freezing – True

Fill in the blanks:

1. Gases have a extremely weak inter particle force of attraction.

2. A liquid substance changes into a gas through either boiling or through evaporation.

3. The space between particles is known as inter particle space.

4. The random movement of particles is slowest in a solid

5. Matter can change from one state to another.

6. A gas on cooling changes into liquid. This is called condensation.

7. Cohesive force is the force of attraction which is maximum in solid.

Give reasons:

1. A spoonful of salt disappears in a glass of water.

Inter- particle spaces exist in water and the salt accommodates itself.

2. Gases do not have definite shape or definite volume.

A gas has no free surface. It fills up all the space available. It exerts pressure in all directions
equally.

3. When we put an inflated balloon in a refrigerator, its size decreases./ Balloons in a warm
room are significantly bigger than in a cold room.
When an inflated balloon is out in a refrigerator, the energy of the particles decreases, and as
a result, the inter particle force of attraction becomes effective again and particles come
closer.

4. Burning of candle wick is a chemical change.

Molten candle wax acts as a fuel, which helps the wick to burn. Burning wick produces
carbon dioxide and water vapour along with heat and light. If there is no wick, then the
candle wax will burn immediately with the release of a large amount of heat, light and smoke.

5. Liquids take the shape of the container they are poured in.
As liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape, they take the shape of the container
they are poured into.

6. Particles in a solid are tightly packed.

The inter-particle space in a solid is the lowest. So particles in a solid are tightly packed.

7. Gases are highly compressible.

Gases have a weak inter particle space and are highly compressible.

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Explain the terms:

Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space is matter.

Mass: The quantity or the amount of matter that a body contains is called its mass.

Chemical change: Changes where the original substance undergoes change in its composition
and hence a new substance is formed, are called chemical changes.

Physical change: Change where the original substance does not undergo change in its
composition and retains its original properties is called physical change.

Cohesive Force: The inter-particle force of attraction is called cohesive force.

Inter particle Force Inter particle Space

The force of attraction or repulsion that The space that exists between the particles
exists between particles is called inter- of matter is called inter-particle space.
particle force
The inter-particle space is maximum in solid Inter-particle space is maximum in the
state gaseous state
Due to inter- particle force solids have a Gases have neither fixed shape nor definite
fixed shape and volume volume as the particles have extreme large
inter-particle space.

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Short answer questions:

1. Name the three states of matter and give one characteristic feature of each state.

The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas.

Solid: It has a definite shape, definite volume and does not flow from one place to another on
its own.

Liquid: They have definite volume but no definite shape and can flow from one place to
another in same direction.

Gas: They have no definite shape, no definite volume and which can flow in all possible
directions is called gas.

2. What are the factors that decide the state and physical properties of matter?
 Inter-particle state
 Inter particle space
 Brownian motion
 Diffusion

3. What are the two main effects of heat on states of matter?

Physical change and Chemical change

4. On what basis does the particulate theory of matter explain the three states?

According to this theory, matter is made up of very small particles. The arrangement of these
particles in an object determines its state. In solid, the particles are tightly packed. In liquids,
the particles are loosely packed as compared to solids. In gases, the particles are most loosely
packed.

Long answer questions:

1) With the help of an experiment, prove that gases expand on heating.
Aim: To show expansion in gas due to heat

Materials required: An empty test tube, a capillary tube, coloured water, test tube holder and
Bunsen burner

Procedure: Take an empty test tube

Insert a fine capillary tube in the test tube and fix the capillary tube with a cork
Fill the capillary tube with coloured water
Now hold the test tube with the test tube holder and warm the test tube gently.

Observation: The coloured water in the capillary tube rises upon heating.

Conclusion: the air present inside the test tube gets heated, expands and rises up. The hot air
will exert pressure in the liquid present in the capillary tube causing it to rise

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2) What happens when solids are heated? Explain with the help of an experiment?

Aim: to show expansion in solids due to heat.

Materials : Brass ring and ball apparatus and a Bunsen burner

Procedure:
Take a brass ball and try to pass it through the ring.
Now heat the ball on a flame and try to pass it through the ring

Observation: At room temperature, the brass balls will pass through the ring without
difficulty. When the ball is heated, however, it no longer passes through the ring.

Conclusion: The size of the ball increases on heating and hence it does not pass through the
ring. Thus, a solid expands on heating.

3) With the help of a diagram show the arrangement of the particles in the three states of
matter?