CROP SCIENCE

1. It is an art and science of raising useful plants and livestocks under the management of
man.
a. Botany b. Zoology
c. Vermiculture d. Agriculture

2. The race of people regarded now as the first agriculturists are:

a. the Filipinos b. the Cushites
c. the American Indians d. the Africans

3. The center of origin of rice (Oryza sativa) is:

a. China b. Mexico
c. India d. Philippines

4. The seasonal pattern of a particular place occurring from year to year is called:
a. Weather b. Summer
c. Winter d. Climate

5. Which of the following is/are not part(s) of the pistil?

a. Stigma b. Ovary
c. Pollen d. Style

6. The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of the stamen to the stigma of the pistil is
known as:
a. Germination b. Pollination
c. Vernalization d. Sterilization

7. In the seed embryogenesis, the zygote which gives rise to the embryo is formed by the
fusion of the:
a. Sperm cell + synergids b. Sperm cell + egg cell
c. Egg cell + synergids d. Egg cell + antipodals

8. The science that deals with the identification and classification of plants is:
a. Physiology b. Anatomy
c. Morphology d. Taxonomy

9. It is considered as the basic fundamental unit of life:

a. Blood b. Water
c. Cell d. Sugar

10. In a tetrazolium test, viable seeds will stain:

a. Red b. Green
c. Blue d. Yellow

11. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus L. is the scientific name of:

a. Ampalaya b. Tomato
c. Swamp Cabbage d. Winged Bean

12. The Grass family is the same as I. Graminae II. Poaceae III. Monocotyledonae.
a. I and II are true b. I and II are false
c. III is true d. All of the above

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13. Crops with any of the following characteristics are direct seeded.
a. Seeds are difficult to germinate.
b. Seeds are expensive
c. Seedlings cannot tolerate root disturbance
d. Seedlings develop multiple tap roots

14. A meteorological phenomenon that develops in the Pacific, mostly off Peru. It is
characterized by weather disturbances or unexpected climatic changes such as absence
of rain during the rainy season.
a. La Niña b. El Niño
c. La Niño d. El Viejo

15. Any organism belonging to the kingdom plantae, typically lacking of active
locomotion and has photosynthetic activity:
a. Bacteria b. Crop
c. Molds d. Plant

16. The study of the internal structure of plants is called:

a. Biotechnology b. Physiology
c. Morphology d. Anatomy

17. A woody plant with a relatively short main stem which gives rise to many branches:
a. Herb b. Tree
c. Vine d. Shrub

18. The seed covering derived from the integuments of the ovule:
a. Testa b. Cotyledon
c. Embryo d. Endosperm

19. The ability of the seed to germinate if conditions favorable for germination are
provided:
a. Dormancy b. Geminability
c. Longevity d. Viability

20. The inability of the seed to readily germinate even if conditions favorable for
germination are provided:
a. Dormancy b. Quiescence
c. Germinability d. Longevity

21. Leguminous crops planted then plowed to incorporate with the soil at blooming stage
two weeks before planting the main crop:
a. Catch crop b. Companion crop
c. Cover crop d. Green manure crop

22. The amount of water vapor in the air needed to saturate the atmosphere at a given
temperature:
a. Humidity b. Dew
c. Fogs d. Relative Humidity

23. The art and science of field crop production and management is:
a. Horticulture b. Agronomy
c. Pathology d. Forestry

24. It is the process of preparing the soil for planting, thereby providing good physical,
chemical and biological conditions that would permit optimum plant growth.
a. Land preparation b. Primary tillage
c. Secondary tillage d. Tillage
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25. Which of the following are not elements of weather:
a. Temperature and wind
b. Atmospheric pressure and humidity
c. Typhoons and tornadoes
d. Precipitation and cloudiness

26. The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), which was
formed by the United Nations in 1983, is better known as the Brundtland Commission.
In April 1987, it issued its report entitled:
a. Sustainable Development b. Development and the Environment
c. Our Common Future d. Conserving the Earth

27. Which is not under the family Leguminoceae?

a. Phaseolus lunatus b. Vigna unguiculata
c. Lagenaria siceraria d. Phaseolus vulgaris

28. Properly dried seeds can be stored for a longer duration with high germination using
this container:
a. Paper bag b. Sealed tin can
c. Jute sack d. Plastic sack

29. A method of asexual propagation in which missing organs are allowed to regenerate
on detached vegetative parts of the plant:
a. Marcotting b. Cuttage
c. Budding d. Grafting

30. The general term for techniques that control the growth of plants in terms of shape,
size, and spatial direction:
a. Training b. Pruning
c. Pinching d. Trimming

31. A system of cropping in which as many crops are grown as possible on the same land
within a year:
a. Monocropping b. Multiple cropping
c. Integrated farming d. Sustainable farming

32. The tillage operation that does the initial cutting or breaking of the soil at its state
where either a crop has been grown and harvested or simply a barren soil:
a. Secondary tillage b. Primary tillage
c. Zero tillage d. Maximum tillage

33. Method of raising rice seedlings where pre-germinated seeds are sown on cement or
puddled soil covered with banana leaves or polyethylene plastic sheet. The raised
seedlings are ready for transplanting in 10-14 days.
a. Wet bed method b. Dapog method
c. Dry bed method d. Seedbed method

34. The process by which seeds with inhibitory substances are subjected to cold
temperature treatment prior to germination to trigger the process of flowering later is
called:
a. Hardening b. Vernalization
c. Acclimatization d. Scarification

35. The temperature at which a biological process will take place at the fastest rate is the:
a. Cardinal temperature b. Maximum temperature
c. Minimum temperature d. Optimum temperature

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36. The scientist who formulated the “rules of thumb” in seed storage was:
a. Harrington b. Taylor
c. Collin d. Van Daar

37. Land preparation is performed at relatively low moisture content, well below the
saturation moisture level:
a. Wetland or lowland preparation b. Secondary tillage preparation
c. Dryland or upland preparation d. Conventional land preparation

38. A process of transferring the seedlings from one seed box to another seed box or
container before they are brought to the field:
a. Pricking b. Hardening
c. Blocking d. None of the above

39. This is a crop that can be classified both as an agronomic crop and as a horticultural
crop based on its uses in the Philippines:
a. Rice b. Mungbean
c. Sorghum d. Peanut

40. The common methods of testing seed viability:

a. Rag doll method b. Seed box method
c. Petri dish method d. All of the above

41. An easterly wind blows

a. from east to west b. from west to east
c. from the equator to the east d. from the equator to the west

42. Sustainable agriculture is any practice, method, technique/technology, philosophy or

system or production that makes agriculture:
a. Economically feasible, and ecologically grounded
b. Socially just and humane on holistic science
c. Culturally appropriate, and sound
d. All of the above

43. The easiest method of plant propagation is:

a. Marcotting b. Inarching
c. Layering d. Cuttage

44. The flower of squash is:

a. Complete and perfect b. Incomplete and perfect
c. Complete and imperfect d. Incomplete and imperfect

45. It refers to the traditional system, which begins with a primary tillage operation
followed by several secondary tillage operations:
a. Zero tillage b. Minimum tillage
c. Maximum or Conventional tillage d. Secondary tillage

46. Plants will need more water when the relative humidity is:
a. 60% b. 70%
c. 80% d. 90%

47. A plant, like siniguelas, that loses its leaves during a certain time of the year is a
a. Seasonal plant b. Evergreen plant
c. Deciduous plant d. None of the above

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48. Kangkong, ampalaya and camote tops are easily chewed because of the absence of
supporting and strengthening tissue called:
a. Parenchyma b. Collenchyma
c. Sclerenchyma d. Chlorenchyma

49. Bitter gourd is known to help control diabetes. What is the scientific name?
a. Momordica charantia b. Luffa acutangula
c. Citrullus lunatus d. Luffa cylindrica

50. This is the treatment that removes the seed coat or alters it making it permeable to
water:
a. Scarification b. Stratification
c. Vernalization d. Separation

51. The number of ATP produced in the Electron Transport System if the electron carrier
is FAD
a. one b. two
c. three d. four

52. The number of ATP produced in Glycolysis

a. 4 b. 6
c. 8 d. 10

53. The number of ATP produced in the formation of acetyl coenzyme A

a. 4 b. 6
c. 8 d. 10

54. The number of ATP produced in the Krebs cycle

a. 20 b. 24
c. 34 d. 36

55. The total number of ATP produced in the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 &
water via Glycolysis, Formation of acetyl CoA, Krebs cycle. and Electron transport
System
a. 26 b. 36
c. 46 d. 56

56. The total number of ATP produced in the complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 &
water via the Hexose Monophosphate shunt
a. 26 b. 36
c. 46 d. 56

57. The degradation of glucose to pyruvic acid

a. glycolysis b. formation of acetyl CoA
c. Krebs cycle d. electron transport system

58. The final product of glycolysis

a. pyruvic acid b. acetyl Co A
c. carbon dioxide d. water

59. The compound that can enter the Krebs cycle

a. pyruvic acid b. acetyl Co A
c. carbon dioxide d. water

60. Glycolysis occurs in the

a. cytoplasm b. mitochondria
c. chloroplast d. vacuole
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61. The Krebs Cycle occurs in the
a. cytoplasm b. mitochondria
c. chloroplast d. vacuole

62. The Electron Transport System occurs in the

a. cytoplasm b. mitochondria
c. chloroplast d. vacuole

63. Each turn of the Krebs cycle uses how many molecules of acetyl CoA.
a. one b. two
c. three d. four

64. The removal of electron is termed as

a.reduction b. oxidation
c. carboxylation d. oxygenatrion

65. The addition of electron is termed as

a.reduction b. oxidation
c. carboxylation d. oxygenation

66. Metabolic pathways by which organisms liberate stored energy

a. transpiration b. respiration
c. photosynthesis d. diffusion

67. Low substrate availability means _______ respiration rates

a. no b. low
c. high d. zero

68. Decreasing oxygen can ______aerobic respiration.

a. stop b. decrease
c. increase d. Zero

69. Respiration rate ________ when temperature increases up to 30-45oC.

a. stop b. decreases
c. increases d. zero

70. Meristematic tissues have ______ respiration rates than non-meristematic tissues
a. no b. lower
c. higher d. zero

71. Role of CO2 in respiration.

a. inhibits b. maintains
c. promotes d. stops

72. Pyruvic acid in the absence of O2 is converted to either ethanol or lactic acid via
a. Krebs cycle b. ETS
c. fermentation d. glycolysis

73. Also termed as accessory pigments

a. carotenoid b. chlorophyll a
c. phycoerythrin d. chlorophyll b

74. A rich energy compound which serve as the gasoline of the plant
a. ACT b. ADP
c. ATP d. NAD

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75. Can manufacture its own food with sunlight as source of energy.
a.Animal b.Plant
c.Human d.Heart

76. The process of food manufacture in plants

a. transpiration b. respiration
c. photosynthesis d. diffusion

77. It is the site of photosynthesis from start to completion

a. Chloroplast b. Chlorophyll
c. photosynthesis d. Vacuole

78. It is the power house of the cell.

a. Chloroplast b. Chlorophyll
c. Mitochondria d. Vacuole

79. It is the green pigment in plants

a. Chloroplast b. Chlorophyll
c. Mitochondria d. Vacuole

80. The most active pigments involved in photosynthesis

a. carotenoid b. chlorophyll
c. phycoerythrin d. phycobillins

81. It is phase of photosynthesis which is the production of reducing powers (ATP &
NADH).
a. light b. dark
c. white d. black

82. It is the phase of photosynthesis which is the fixation of CO2 into carbohydrats.
a. light b. dark
c. white d. black

83. ATP means

a. adenine triphosphate b. adenosine triophosphate
c. adenosine triphosphate d. adenine triophosphate

84. ADP means

a. adenine diphosphate b. adenosine diophosphate
c. adenosine diphosphate d. adenine diophosphate

85. Photophosphorylation is the synthesis of

a.DNA b.RNA
c.ADP d.ATP

86. The addition of an electron

a. oxidation b. reduction
c. addition d. subtraction

87. The removal of an electron

a. oxidation b. reduction
c. addition d. subtraction

88. These are the plants which belong to family Crassulaceae.

a.C3 b.C4
c.CAM d. SAM

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89. These are plants whose initial product of CO2 fixation are 3-carbon compounds.
a.C3 b.C4
c.CAM d. SAM

90. These are plants whose initial product of CO2 fixation are 4-carbon compounds.
a.C3 b.C4
c.CAM d. SAM

91. These plants are very effective in conserving water whose stomates are open only
during the night.
a.C3 b.C4
c.CAM d. SAM

92. Photosynthesis will take place provided there is one

a.photosynthetic unit b.chloroplast
c.mitochondria d.chlorophyll

93. Photophosphorylation is the synthesis of

a.DNA b.RNA
c.ADP d.ATP

94. For C3 plants CO2 is fixed via what pathway?

a. Calvin-Benson b. Hatch Slack
c. CAM d. ETS

95. For C4 plants CO2 is fixed via what pathway?

a. Calvin-Benson b. Hatch Slack
c. CAM d. ETS

96. For CAM plants CO2 is fixed via

a. Calvin-Benson b. Hatch Slack
c. CAM d. ETS

97. The direct transfer of phosphate from organic compounds to ADP is what type of
phosphorylation?
a. oxidative b. substrate level
c. reductive d. additive

98. Coupling energy from an electron donor to an electron carrier is is what type of
phosphorylation?
a. oxidative b. substrate level
c. reductive d. additive

99. The number of ATP produced in the Electron Transport System if the electron carrier
is NAD
a. one b. two
c. three d. four

100. The number of ATP produced in the Electron Transport System if the electron
carrier is FAD
a. one b. two
c. three d. four

101. This refers to the amount of moisture in the atmosphere expressed as the amount it
could hold at saturation point at the same temperature
a. relative humidity b. field saturation point
c. CO2 compensation point d. Field capacity
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102. This judicious removal of plant parts with a purpose is called
a. training b. pruning
c. climbing d. cutting

103. The inhibitory effect of the growing point of bud beneath them is known as
a. senescene b. apical dominance
c. photoperiodism d. gravitropism

104. The physical interruption of the flow of photosynthates from leaves to the root
system is called
a. propping b. vernalization
c. girding d. pruning

105. This refers to the pattern of arrangement of crops in time and space as well as the
process of growing them
a. multiple cropping b. farming system
c. cropping system d. mixed cropping

106. A device which measures the amount of force that the plant roots exert to remove
the moisture from the soil particles at a depth of maximum root activity is called
a. hydrometer b. nanometer
c. barometer d. tensiometer

107. In orchard or plantations where water is available or rainfall is evenly distributed

throughout the year and capital is not limiting, it is possible to decrease the distance
of planting 2 to 10 x to maximize the use of the land and get higher yield/unit area.
This system is called
a. multiple cropping b. optimum density planting
c. low density planting d. high density planting

108. Given the same distance of planting, a quincunx system could accommodate more
plants/unit area compared to square. If the area is 1 ha and the spacing of trees is 10
x 10 m, following quincunx system, the total number if plants would be
a. 161 b. 181
c. 281 d. 811

109. A system of planting which consist of setting a tree in each corner of the square
whatever the planting distance may be is known as
a. rectangular b. square
c. quincunx d. hexagonal

110. The geographical position or the place where the horticultural enterprise is located
in relation to any point of designation is known as
a. site b. location
c. topography d. orchard

111. This refers to the amount of water that is held by the soil at maximum capacity after
excess water has been drained
a. Permanent wilting percentage b. Field capacity
c. Temporary wilting d. Soil production capacity

112. The integrated process of applying the needed amount of water at the proper time
and the removal of excess water from the field to increase production is called
a. irrigation b. water management
c. rainfall management d. farm management

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113. Given the same distance of planting, a triangle or hexagonal system of planting
would give more trees/unit area compared to square. This increase in number of
plants would be as high as
a. 10% b. 15%
c. 51% d. 81%

114. Planting distance for horticultural trees must be determined by the following except
one:
a. area occupied by the canopy at maturity b. fertility and depth of the soil
c. planting material and variety d. topography of the area

115. The exact position of the tree at planting could be determined by the use of
a. planting b. planting board
c. stakes d. planting plan

116. A system of planting which consists of setting a tree in each corner of an equilateral
triangle whatever the planting distance maybe is known as
a. square b. rectangular
c. hexagonal d. quincunx

117. In establishing an orchard/plantation a planting plan has to be made in order to

a. aid in determining the number of trees
b. have a record of varieties and replacement
c. help in planning of irrigation and use of equipment
d. all of the above

118. The flatness or steepness of the land and other features of the ground is called as:
a. location b. topography
c. site d. upland

119. The geographical position or the place where the horticultural enterprise is located
in relation to any point of designation is known as:
a. site b. location
c. topography d. orchard

120. Asexually propagated planting materials must be hardened before field setting to
minimize:
a. transplanting shock b. heat shock
c. pest and disease problem d. emergence of water sprouts

121. The process of growing crops in sand or other non soil materials in known as:
a. hypertonic b. hypotonic
c. hydroponics d. isotonic

122. The scientific name of durian is

a. Durio zibethinus b. Dorio zibethinus
c. Dirium domisticum d. Durio domisticum

123. A propagation using naturally detachable organs of the plant

a. Division b. Separation
c. Slips d. Bulb

124. The enlarged storage organ of banana, abaca, and gabi (taro) which is a solid stem
structure containing nodes and internodes and a few rudimentary leaves
a. tuber b. rhizomes
c. corm d. bulb

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125. In fertilization, one sperm cell fuses with egg, forming a diploid zygote and
develops into an embryo in the seed. The second sperm cell fuses with the two polar
nuclei and develops into an endosperm. This process is called
a. double pollination b. double fertilization
c. double fusion d. zygotic fusion

126. The general term used for propagation methods whereby two plant parts are joined
in such a manner that they unite and continue growth as one plant
a. inarching b. budding
c. cutting d. grafting

127. Vegetative propagation where the stem is made to form roots while still attached to
the mother plant
a. layerage b. graftage
c. cottage d. buddage

128. The production of seeds without sexual process

a. sexual propogation b. apomixes
c. parthenocarpy d. asexual propagation

129. If the growing point of this plant is cut, new and more growing points (bud) will
take their place below the growing point
a. dicot plant b. monocot plant
c. C3 plant d. C4 plant

130. An edible, succulent plant or plant parts usually eaten with a staple in cooked or
raw form. It is not a sweet fruit nor a mature grain
a. fruit b. vegetable
c. eggplant d. cucumber

131. Seeds although alive may not be able to germinate even under favorable
environmental conditions. Such condition is called
a. dormancy b. state of suspended growth
c. rest period of seeds d. after ripening period of seeds

132. The transfer of the pollen grain from the anther to the stigma of the flower
a. photosynthesis b. self-pollination
c. pollination d. cross pollination

133. The process of transferring the seedlings from the seedbed to the final site of field
a. planting b. seedling
c. transplanting d. pricking

134. This method of propagation which involves the use of vegetative parts of the plant
a. sexual b. vegetative
c. cutting d. asexual

135. The temporary setback in growth of vegetable seedlings after transplanting

a. transplanting shock b. planting shock
c. after shock d. suspended growth

136. The shoot produced on top of a fruit like in pineapple

a. sucker b. slip
c. tiller d. crown

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137. A kind of propagation where only a single bud is used as scion
a. grafting b. layering
c. budding d. marcotting

138. A kind of pollination where the pollen is transferred from the anther of another
flower to the stigma of another flower in another plant
a. pollination b. self-pollination
c. cross-pollination d. intra-pollination

139. A flower that has sepals, petals, stamen and carpels is said to be
a. perfect b. imperfect
c. incomplete d. complete

140. Seeds of many fruits and plantation crops cannot withstand drying and should not
be permitted to dry out before planting. These seeds are called
a. wet seeds b. dry seeds
c. orthodox d. recalcitrant seeds

141. Vegetative propagation involving regeneration of structural parts in detached

vegetative parts under favorable conditions
a. cutting b. root cutting
c. leaf cutting d. stem cutting

142. In grafting, there are two parts, the lower and the upper. The lower part of the graft
is called
a. scion b. stock
c. seedlings d. desired branch

143. The technical term used in the edible part of asparagus

a. curd b. head
c. shoot d. spear

144. The study of raising fruit crops

a. pomology b. olericulture
c. floriculture d. viticulture

145. Propagation by the use of seeds

a. asexual b. sexual
c. vegetative d. apomictic

146. Water is needed by crops at all stages of growth except

a. planting time b. harvesting
c. pollination and fertilization d. vegetative growth

147. The following crops are propagated asexually except

a. sugarcane b. mungbean
c. sweet potato d. pineapple

148. Lowland preparation starts with

a. soaking the paddies b. fixing the dikes
c. plowing the field d. harrowing the field

149. Direct seeding can be practiced as a means of rice culture especially if,
a. weeds are persistent b. labor is not scarce
c. water is dependable d. seeds are viable

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150. The removal of extra seedlings from a crowded area in order to raise healthy and
vigorous plants
a. rouging b. ratooning
c. thinning d. pricking

151. The Philippines is one of members of ASEAN countries having a total land area of
a. 10 million ha b. 30 million ha
c. 40 million ha d. 50 million ha

152. Of the total land area of the Philippines, what is the land area devoted to agriculture
a. 10 million ha b. 12 million ha
c. 13 million ha d. 14 million ha

153. In Asia, the early civilizations have established around a diet basically consisting of
a. maize and peanuts b. sorghum and beans
c. rice and beans d. wheat and barley

154. The prime agricultural lands in the Philippines are generally located
a. near forested areas
b. rear costal areas
c. around the main and high population density areas
d. rear the hills and mountains

155. Which of the following crops is NOT exported by the Philippines?

a. coconut b. pineapple
c. banana d. rice

156. Which of the following regions is considered as the rice granary of the Philippines?
a. Cagayan Valley b. Central Luzon
c. Ilocos Region d. Socskargen

157. Next to rice and corn, the top 5 crops of the Philippines include:
a. coconut, sugarcane, and banana b. coconut, banana, and abaca
c. coconut, wheat, and sugarcane d. coconut, coffee, and cassava

158. Comparative advantage in agriculture means:

a. higher efficiency in resource use for agriculture
b. higher land area devoted to agriculture
c. higher yield of export crops
d. higher yield of rice and corn

159. Which of the following regions is considered as the corn granary of the
Philippines?
a. Cagayan Valley b. Central Visayas
c. Northern Mindanao d. Sockssargen

160. Current crop production technologies are considered because:

a. Several steps from planting to harvesting are evolved
b. They generated facts and empirical data
c. They were formulated through scientific investigation
d. All of the above

161. This law changed the National Seed Industry Council of the Philippines into
Seedboard Industry Council as per republic Act No
a. RA 7308 since March 26, 1992 b. RA 200 since March 27, 1998
c. RA 7001 since March 26, 1994 d. RA 200 since April 12, 1999

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162. Who was the first Minister if Agriculture when all cabinet departments were
changed to ministers during martial law and established 12 regional offices, each
headed by a regional director
a. Juan G. Rodriguez b. Benjamon M. Gozon Jr.
c. Cesar Fortich d. Arturo R. Tanco Jr.

163. Who is the principal author of RA 8435 otherwise known as the Agriculture and
Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) of 1988?
a. William Dar b. Roberto S. Sebastian
c. Edgardo J. Angara d. Senen C. Bacani

164. One of the principles of AFMA among others is

a. exploitation of natural resources b. poverty alleviation and social equity
c. industrialization d. peace and order

165. It refers to the ability to compete in terms of prices, equality, and volume of
agricultural and fishery products relative to those of the other countries.
a. trade liberalization b. global competitiveness
c. extension services d. competitive advantage

166. One of the several WTO agreements on rules for trade and investment in ideas and
creativity is that the rules state how copyright, trademarks, geographical names used
to identify products and industry designs should be protected trade
a. policy review b. marker access
c. settlements of disputes d. intellectual property rights

167. It is the integration of world economy that are influenced by such factors rapid
communication, market liberation, and global integration of the production of goods
and services
a. export subsidies b. marker access
c. tarrification d. globalization

168. It is the application of indigenous and/or scientific knowledge in managing

microorganisms or their parts, of cells and tissue of higher organism for human for
medical, agricultural, industrial, and environmental applications
a. biodiversity b. biotechnology
c. introgression d. transformation

169. The following are modern techniques in biotechnology except

a. bioinformatics b. diagnostics
c. vaccine technology d. tissue and cell culture

170. It is generally the alternation, modification, or change of an organism’s genetic or

heredity material to eliminate undesirable characteristics or to produce desirable new
ones
a. replication b. genetic engineering
c. genomics d. bioinformatics

171. It is the transfer of desirable genes into organism like production of genetically
modified (GMOs) or synthetic genetic engineering, application of recombinant DNA
technology
a. Diagnostics b. Marker-assisted breeding
c. Bioinformatics d.Transformation

172. GMO stands for

a. Genetically made organisms b. Genetically modified organisms
c. Genetically mixed organisms d. Genetically male organisms
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173. Presently, which of the following countries is considered as the largest producer of
GM crops in terms of land area planted?
a. America b. Argentina
c. Canada d. China

174. Which of the executive orders enacting the creation of PhilRice as an attached
agency to the Department of Agriculture?
a. EO 1061 b. EO 2611
c. EO 1091 d. EO 1081

175. It is a type of agricultural systems, which is characterized by defined holding with

largely permanent field divisions. Semi-stationary housing predominates, with
families having registered ownership of the land
a. shifting cultivation b. fallow utilization
c. collection d. grazing systems

176. It is a classification of farming systems based on type and intensity of rotation,

water supply, cropping patterns and animal activities, and degree of crop
commercialization
a. cultivation b. collection
c. grassland utilization d. fallow

177. The following are types of shifting cultivation systems except

a. intercropping b. migration systems
c. vegetable systems d. clearance systems

178. Which of the following is not a type of agricultural system?

a. shifting cultivation system b. fallow systems
c. farming systems d. ley systems

179. In grassland utilization as, a classification of faming systems, the situation wherein
farmers with a permanent place of residence send their herds, tended by herdsmen
for long period of time to distant grazing areas is known as
a. total nomadism b. partial nomadism
c. semi-nomadisms d. transhumance

180. Which of the following is NOT a feature of agricultural system?

a. closed systems b. hierarchical systems
c. dynamic systems d. interactive systems

181. The following are events that led to the development of agriculture, except
a. collection of plants
b. colonization of pre-adapted plant species
c. cultivation of plants in order to reap a better harvest
d. improvement of soil fertility

182. Analogy with ecology, agriculture can be described as hierarchy of systems. Which
of the following is the highest level of hierarchy?
a. Crop b. crop systems
c. animal systems d. farm systems

183. It is an arrangement of components or parts that interact according to some

processes and transform input into output
a. agriculture b. system
c. hierarchy d. ecosystem

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184. Which of the following components have the same levels in the hierarchy
a. crop and crop system b. animal and animal systems
c. crop systems and animal systems d. crop-animal and animal system

185. The science of using crops and animals to transform solar energy into usable
products is
a. Agronomy b. Horticulture
c. Biology d. Agriculture

186. The science of agriculture is the basis on which all of civilization is built. Most
anthropologists agree that agriculture began about _____ year ago.
a.1,000 b.10,000
c. 15,000 d. 20,000

187. Agriculture is the science of using crops and animals to transform solar energy into
products that can be stored and used by humans elsewhere and at later date. Which
of the following best describes the ultimate goal of agriculture?
a. provision of food b. provision of services
c. provision of fiber d. satisfaction of one’s need

188. Our region consisting of the Indochina-Indonesia region is believed to be center of

origin of
a. corn b. garlic
c. potato d. coconut

189. The race of people regarded now as the first agriculturist are
a. The American Indians b. The Cushites
c. The South American Indians d. The Africans

190. It is a hypothesis suggesting that ecological weeds colonized the areas around
human dwellings. The ecological weeds were gathered eventually brought into
cultivation. This hypothesis is known as
a. rubbish-heap hypothesis b. rubbish hypothesis
c. reap hypothesis d. none of the above

191. The center of origin of rice (Oryza sativa) is

a. Philippines b. Africa
c. Mexico d. India

192. Agriculture could have been initiated mainly due to chronic food shortage if:
a. There was sedentary way of living
b. Grasslands and forest were present
c. Plant and animal diversity was limited
d. Fertile lands were available

193. The appearance of a plant with respect to a particular character

a. phenotype b. ideotype
c. genotype d. prototype

194. The genetic constitution of an individual

a. genotype b. gametophyte
c. phenotype d. ideotype

195. The following are nonsense codons, except

a. UAG b. AUG
c. UAA d. UGA

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196. The diameter of DNA helix is
a. 2 mm b. 20 nm
c. 2 Ă d. 20 Ă

197. What is the probability of getting BB offspring from BB x bb cross?

a. ½ b. ¼
c. 1 d. zero

198. The general life cycle of an eukaryotic organism has the sequence
a. 1N-Meiosis –2N – Fertilization – 1N
b. 2N-Meiosis –1N – Fertilization – 2N
c. 1N-Meiosis –2N – Fertilization – 1N
d. 2N-Meiosis –2N – Fertilization – 2N

199. If a mother and her child belong to blood group O, what blood group could the
wrong father belong to?
a. O b. A
c. B d. AB

200. They discovered the molecular structure of DNA

a. Sutton and Boveri b. Watson and Crick
c. Morgan and Bridges d. None of the above

201. The father of genetics

a. Mendel b. Bateson
c. Darwin d. Weissman

202. All the following events happen in prophase of meiosis except:

a. chromosome condensation b. pairing of homologues
c. segregation d. terminalization

203. The proponents of the cell theory were

a. Bateson and Hooke b. Morgan and Bridges
c. Watson and Crick d. Schleiden and Schwann

204. The central dogma of molecular biology is consists of the following processes,
except
a. transduction b. transcription
c. replication d. translation

205. The following are selection indices in rice except

a. disease resistance b. yield
c. rate of leaf production d. early maturity

206. Selection indices in banana include the following except

a. in determinate growth b. large bunch
c. more uniform ripening d. bunchy top resistance

207. Fruit quality is a good selection index for the following crops, except
a. papaya b. eggplant
c. mango d. strawberry

208. Pungency is considered an index of quality in the following crops except

a. chili pepper b. onion
c. garlic d. ginger

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209. Selection indices in durian include the following except
a. disease resistance b. fruit size
c. more uniform ripening d. fruit color

210. Quantitative characters were best described by the following attributes except:
a. Controlled by major genes
b. Segregation shows ‘continuous curve’
c. Easily influenced by government
d. Governed by “polygenes” or multiple genes

211. The following are examples of qualitative traits except:

a. color b. shape
c. texture d. height

212. The genetic component of the phenotypic value is composed of the following
except
a. Additive gene effects
b. Dominance gene effect
c. Epistasis gene effect or gene interaction
d. Environment gene effect

213. The effect of environment is best described in phenotypes if

a. Genotypic effect-low and environment effect-high
b. Genotypic effect-low and environment effect-low
c. Genotypic effect-high and environment effect-low
d. Genotypic effect-high and environment effect-high

214. The observable variation present in a character in a population is called

a. phenotypic variation b. dominance variation
c. genotypic variation d. environmental variation

215. The component of variation that is due to genotypic differences among individuals
within a population is
a. phenotypic variation b. population variation
c. genotypic variation d. environmental variation

216. The differential performance of genotypes in different environments is termed as

a. adaptation b. plant reaction
c. G x E interaction d. adaptability

217. The ratio of genotypic variance to the total variance is termed as

a. genetic advance b. repeatability
c. heritability d. combining ability

218. Characters governed by several genes with small effects are known as
a. qualitative b. dominant
c. quantitative d. recessive characters

219. The phenomenon of a single major gene affecting more than one character is
known as
a. pleiotropy b. expressivity
c. penetrance d. isogenic effect

220. Modification in the expression of a dominant gene by another non-allelic dominant

gene is known as
a. gene interaction b. gene flow
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 c. gene action d. modifiers
221. G x E effects is best described in the following situations
a. Many trials in same location b. Many trials in different locations
c. Single trial in same location d. Single trial in many locations

222. The following are traditional methods of analyzing G x E interactions in field

experiments except:
a. ANOVA b. Regression method
c. Pattern analysis d. none of the above

223. Human factor affecting crop production which relates to the farmer's decision
making regarding the choice of crops to grow or technology to adopt
a. capability of the farmer b. cultural practices
c. political factor d. preference of the farmer

224. A factor affecting farmer's preference which reflects what the farmer desires or
what he seeking:
a. farmer's knowledge b. beliefs
c. attitudes d. goals

225. A factor affecting farmer's preference which is concerned with what the farmers
think is true whether correct or not based on the farmer's experiences and common
knowledge
a. attitudes b. farmer’s knowledge
c. goals d. beliefs

226. A socioeconomic factor affecting farmer’s capability to increase farm production as

an outlet of farm products and as a source of inputs for farm production
a. labor b. capital
c. land d. market

227. A socioeconomic factor affecting productivity which refers to the physical and
financial assets of the farmers
a. land b. labor
c. market d. capital

228. A socio-cultural factor affecting productivity which contains the cultural ideas
about the relationship between people and nature
a. norms b. customs
c. attitudes d. religion

229. A major cause of reduction in agricultural land area due to political factor brought
about by urbanization
a. land grabbing b. soil erosion
c. land conversion d. agrarian reform

230. A work exchange system of traditional societies with agricultural roots which
influence the farmer’s agricultural production
a. credit system b. marketing system
c. bayanihan system d. extension system

231. The human factor affecting productivity which is influenced by socio-economic

factor
a. preference of farmers b. capability of farmers
c. cultural practices d. political factors

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232. A factor affecting farmer’s preference which relates to the farmer’s feelings,
emotions and sentiments and have a strong influence over his decision to accept or
reject a technology
a. beliefs b. attitudes
c. knowledge d. goals

233. A household resource characterized by size quality, water availability and location
affecting productivity where the farm enterprises are established
a. labor b. land
c. capital d. management

234. A household resource which includes members of the household who are capable
of working and also the family's participation in cooperative efforts
a. land b. labor
c. capital d. management skills

235. A socio-cultural factor affecting crop productivity which refers to the acceptable
standards of behavior ofa society
a. norms b. customs
c. religion d. attitudes

236. A socio-cultural factor affecting crop productivity which refers to how people
actually behave
a. norms b. customs
c. religion d. attitudes

237. A cultivar developed by intercrossing different inbred lines

a. composite variety b. synthetic variety
c. polycross hybrids d. open pollinated variety

238. A system of seed production geared towards maintaining the genetic identity,
varietal purity, and standards of quality seeds of superior crop varieties.
a. Seed certification b. Quality control
c. Seed control d. Seed testing

239. Seeds produced by seed growers, breeders, or individuals without approval from
the National Seed Industry Council.
a. Certified seeds b. Farmer’s seeds
c. Good seeds d. Breeder seeds

240. There are three types of F1 hybrids corn sold in the market today, single cross
hybrids, three-way cross hybrids, and double cross hybrids. Which of these is
correct?
a. single cross is more stable than three-way and double cross hybrids
b. double cross hybrids yield higher than single and three way cross hybrids
c. single cross hybrids yield higher than three way and three-way cross hybrids
yield higher than double cross hybrids
d. three way cross hybrids are more stable than double cross and yield better than
single cross hybrids

241. Which of the following is not cross-pollinated?

a. eggplant b. corn
c. squash d. papaya

242. The following traits are used in index selection for corn except one.
a. plant height b. ears per plant
c. maturity d. yield
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243. It refers to the increase in yield, vigor, and reproductive ability of the F1 over the
parents.
a. heterosis b. combining ability
c. autogamy d. heterozygosity

244. It refers to the cross between two single crosses

a. three-way cross b. double cross
c. polycross d. backcross

245. It is the art and science of the genetic improvement of crop plants
a. Botany b. Agronomy
c. Plant Biochemistry d. Plant Breeding

246. It is a method of breeding new cultivars by crossing genetically different

individuals.
a. hybridization b. selection
c. mutation d. introduction

247. After the production of F1 hybrids among self-pollinated crops, there is a need to
handle the F1 and subsequent generations. The segregating populations are harvested
in bulk until segregation virtually ceased, at which time selection is limited at F6.
this procedure is called
a. pedigree method b. single seed descent
c. backcross method d. bulk population method

248. The following are objectives and goals of crop improvement except
a. improved yield b. better quality
c. resistance/tolerance to pest d. susceptibility to drought

249. A system of breeding in which seeds from individuals selected on the basis of
phenotypes are composited and used to grow the next generation.
a. pureline selection b. mass selection
c. bulk population method d. pedigree method

250. Domestication of plants led to:

a. change in plant type and limited ecolological adaptation
b. narrower genetics variation and wider ecological adaptation
c. the disappearance of the natural habitats of wild plants
d. increased genetic variation and limited ecological adaptation

251. In the Philippines self sufficiency (annual) in rice.

a. had never been attained
b. had been achieved before
c. is impossible because of the high population
d. is possible because IRRI is in the Philippines

252. Corn production in the Philippines is:

a. Mainly used for animal feed manufacturing
b. Mostly consumed as people’s staple food
c. Only supplied by our Mindanao farmers
d. Consumed only in Cebu and Bohol

253. High population growth rate could possibly mean:

a. Less work / labor forces for agriculture production
b. More people in urban area and greater demand for agricultural produce
c. Bad prospects for agriculture because of lower prices of farm
d. Prosperity for all
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254. Greater population with how productivity could lead to:
a. General poverty among the people
b. Higher taxes
c. Migration of work forces to rural areas
d. Professional agriculturist

255. Urbanization and industrialization always results into:

a. Decrease in agricultural production area
b. Migration of rural population to urban areas
c. Increase in labor availability for farming
d. Liberalization of trading

256. Coconut industry should not be a dying industry, it should be maintained and
improved, because
a. it earns substantial dollar return as export crop
b. it gives less income to the coconut farmers
c. it’s a disorganized sector of farmers who should benefit the most
d. it is a colonial crop

257. Modern crop agriculture would require:

a. indigenous knowledge
b. knowledge from research only
c. knowledge synthesized form internet information
d. knowledge of all kinds and from all sources

258. The group of fertilizers used in integrated nutrient management which provides the
long term requirement of the plants because the nutrients are slowing released.
a. inorganic fertilizer b. bio-fertilizer
c. organic fertilizer d. mykovam

259. A management system utilizing a suitable technique to maintain the pest population
at levels below those causing economic injury.
a. integrated pest management b. integrated nutrient management
c. water management d. crop management

260. A principle of sustainable agriculture requiring no loss of farm animals as a result

of over mechanization, and the various agricultural projects should minimize
dependence on foreign loans.
a. ecologically sound b. culturally acceptable
c. Socially just d. economically viable

261. A principle of sustainable agriculture which requires that farming practices must
focus on minimizing negative environmental impacts.
a. ecologically sound b. culturally acceptable
c. Socially just d. economically viable

262. Biological diversity is the total variability within all the living organisms and the
ecological complexes they inhabit. Which of the following is not a level of
biodiversity?
a. Human interference b. Species
c. Ecosystem d. Genetic diversity

263. It is defined as the spatial and temporal combination of crops in a given area and
the management used to produce them.
a. Cropping system b. Cropping pattern
c. Intercropping d. Sequential cropping
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264. It is growing of two crops in rapid sequence or succession, planting one after the
harvest of the former.
a. Relay cropping b. Ratoon cropping
c. Intercropping d. Sequential cropping

265. Biological diversity includes the following except

a. plants b. animals
c. soil d. microorganism

266. It is the successful management of the elements resources of agriculture to satisfy

changing human and development needs while maintaining the natural resource base
and avoiding environmental degradation
a. Crop production b. Food production
c. Sustainable agriculture d. Agricultural production

267. The totality of genes, species and ecosystems in a region

a. biodiversity b. Sustainability
c. Ecology d. complexity

268. The variation of genes within species or among crop cultivars

a. Species diversity b. Ecosystems diversity
c. Genetic diversity d. Enterprise diversity

269. An element of sustainable agriculture referring to farming policies and practices

that respect the dignity and rights of individual.
a. Economically viable b. Ecologically sound
c. Socially just d. Based on holistic science

270. A sequential cropping involving the cultivation of regrowth from the cut stalks of
the previous crops
a. Double cropping b. Quadruple cropping
c. Triple cropping d. Ratoon cropping

271. To avoid confusion in international conferences, crops are identified using their:
a. Scientific name b. English name
c. Common name d. Local name

272. The scientific name of “saging” or banana

a. Musa sapientum b. Homo sapiens
c. Cocos nucifera d. Oryza sativa

273. The family of crops belonging to the grass family belongs to the:
a. Graminaliz b. Graminae
c. Angiosperms d. Spermatophyta

274. The scientific name of rice is:

a. Zea mays L. b. Oryza sativa L.
c. Triticum vulgare L. d. Avena sativa L.

275. Global warming is due to the depletion of the:

a. O2 in the air b. ozone layer
c. removal of trees d. drought

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276. Which of the following practices are sustainable?
a. Recycling of nutrients and use of compost, green manures and other forms of
organic fertilizers
b. Non-pesticidal control of pests
c. Diversified and integrated farming system
d. All of the above

277. The multiple cropping technology is quite difficult for farmers to adopt because of :
a. The need to grow new and unfamiliar crops
b. The need for timely implementation of required practices
c. The need for additional resources
d. All of the above

278. Which of the following is an optional requirement for seed germination?

a. Favorable temperature b.20% oxygen concentration
c. Light d. Proper amount of water

279. Direction of tillage on rolling or hilly fields:

a. Across the contour
b. Follow the general contour of the land
c. Against the contour
d. Down-up direction

280. The lack of rain during the El Niño episodes is an example of:
a. Permanent drought b. Seasonal drought
c. Continent drought d. Invisible drought

281. A woody plant that needs a support to be able to stand upright is an example of:
a. Vine b. Liana
c. Deciduous plant d. Shrub

282. If benefits from the farm, resources and power are distributed evenly so that the
basic needs of all members of the society are met, agriculture is:
a. Humane
b. Culturally appropriate and sensitive
c. Sustainable
d. Socially just and equitable

283. Which of the crops listed below requires more frequent irrigation?
a. Onion b. Watermelon
c. Tomato d. Mungbean

284. Plants with vegetative shoots that continue to grow until the plants senesce are:
a. Determinate plants b. Indeterminate plants
c. Perennials d. None of the above

285. The technology recommended in hilly land or sloping land is:

a. Sloping agricultural land technology
b. Contour farming
c. Multiple cropping technology
d. Integrated farming technology

286. The most suitable material for germination test of very small seeds is:
a. Rolled filter paper b. Petri dish lined with filter paper
c. Rag doll method d. Sand

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287. This is the tillage system in which soil disturbance is reduced and some crop
residues remain on the soil surface after operation.
a. Conventional tillage b. Conservation tillage
c. Minimum tillage d. Secondary tillage

288. Although many farmers are using improved technologies, few farmers are
following the recommendation made by researchers and extension workers in their
entirety because:
a. Farmers are stubborn and hard headed
b. Extension is ineffective
c. Credit is inadequate
d. Recommended technologies are not appropriate to their conditions

289. Senescence can be delayed by:

a. Removing flowers
b. Spraying the plant with cytokinin
c. Spraying the plant with nitrogenous fertilizer
d. All of the above

290. Which are advantages of conservation tillage over Conventional tillage?

a. Water conservation and reduced erosion
b. High yield and high profit
c. Low cost and ease of operation
d. Increased organic matters and easier application of fertilizer

291. The multiple cropping index is generally higher with:

a. Small farm size b. Bigger farm size
c. Medium farm size d. Plantation farm

292. A major strategy in sustainable agriculture is to restore agricultural diversity in time

and space through:
a. Crop protection and intercropping, especially those that include legumes
b. Polycultures and cover crops
c. Crop/livestock mixtures
d. All of the above

293. Propagation that preserves the characteristics of the parent plant is:
a. Sexual propagation b. Asexual propagation
c. Grafting d. Layering

294. This consists of actively dividing non-organized tissues of undifferentiated cells

often developing from injury (wounding) or tissue culture.
a. Cellulose b. Callus
c. Protocorn d. Cell suspension

295. This is the holistic system of agriculture started by Rudolf Steiner that aims to
connect nature and cosmic forces (“formative life energies”) to farming. Its
followers believe that heavenly bodies (stars, etc.) influence the growth and
development of plants.
a. Natural farming b. Sustainable agriculture
c. Bio-dynamic farming d. Permaculture

296. For rapid rate of multiplication, the method of propagation generally practiced is:
a. Micropropagation b. Asexual propagation
c. Sexual propagation d. None of the above

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297. LEISA is a farming practice or philosophy in which most of the inputs used
originate from the farm. Deliberate action is taken to ensure sustainability. However,
it is open for a combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers. LEISA means:
a. Low-external-input and sustainable agriculture
b. Low- external-input and subsistence agriculture
c. Liberalized economy, industry and strategic agriculture
d. Liberalized economy, industry and sustainable agriculture

298. It is considered as the mature or ripened ovary.

a. Flower b. Fruit
c. Seed d. Zygote

299. It is the mature or ripened ovule.

a. Fruit b. Stamen
c. Pistil d. Seed

300. The scientific name of horse raddish tree is:

a. Lactuca sativa b. Moringa oleifera
c. Vitex negundo d. Allium cepa

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 ANSWER KEY
CROP SCIENCE

1. D 61. B 121. C 181. D 241. A

2. B 62. B 122. A 182. D 242. D
3. C 63. B 123. B 183. B 243. A
4. D 64. B 124. C 184. C 244. B
5. C 65. A 125. B 185. D 245. D
6. B 66. B 126. D 186. B 246. A
7. B 67. B 127. A 187. D 247. D
8. D 68. B 128. B 188. D 248. D
9. C 69. C 129. A 189. B 249. B
10. A 70. C 130. B 190. A 250. A
11. D 71. A 131. A 191. D 251. B
12. A 72. C 132. C 192. A 252. A
13. C 73. A 133. C 193. A 253. B
14. B 74. C 134. D 194. A 254. A
15. D 75. B 135. A 195. B 255. B
16. D 76. C 136. D 196. B 256. A
17. D 77. A 137. C 197. D 257. D
18. A 78. C 138. C 198. B 258. C
19. D 79. B 139. D 199. D 259. A
20. A 80. B 140. D 200. B 260. D
21. D 81. A 141. A 201. A 261. A
22. D 82. B 142. B 202. A 262. A
23. B 83. C 143. C 203. D 263. B
24. A 84. C 144. A 204. A 264. D
25. C 85. D 145. B 205. B 265. C
26. C 86. B 146. B 206. C 266. C
27. C 87. A 147. B 207. B 267. A
28. B 88. C 148. B 208. A 268. C
29. B 89. A 149. C 209. D 269. C
30. A 90. B 150. C 210. C 270. D
31. B 91. C 151. B 211. D 271. A
32. B 92. A 152. D 212. D 272. A
33. B 93. D 153. C 213. A 273. B
34. B 94. A 154. C 214. A 274. B
35. D 95. B 155. D 215. C 275. B
36. A 96. C 156. B 216. C 276. D
37. C 97. B 157. A 217. C 277. D
38. A 98. A 158. A 218. C 278. C
39. B 99. C 159. D 219. A 279. B
40. D 100. B 160. C 220. A 280. C
41. A 101. A 161. A 221. B 281.B
42. D 102. B 162. D 222. A 282.D
43. D 103. B 163. C 223. D 283. A
44. D 104. C 164. B 224. D 284. B
45. C 105. C 165. B 225. D 285. A
46. A 106. D 166. D 226. C 286. B
47. C 107. D 167. D 227. D 287. B
48. C 108. B 168. B 228. D 288. D
49. A 109. B 169. D 229. C 289. D
50. A 110. B 170. B 230. C 290. A
51. B 111. B 171. D 231. B 291.A
52. C 112. B 172. B 232. B 292.D
53. B 113. B 173. A 233. B 293.B
54. B 114. D 174. A 234. B 294.B
55. B 115. B 175. B 235. A 295.C
56. B 116. C 176. A 236. B 296.A
57. A 117. D 177. A 237. B 297.A
58. A 118. B 178. C 238. A 298.B
59. B 119. B 179. D 239. C 299.D
60. A 120. A 180. A 240. C 300. B

112