PONDICHERRY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

EC216 - DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LABORATORY

B. TECH (ECE) – FIFTH SEMESTER

AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING

(ASK)

NAME : Ajay Gawtham

CLASS : ECE-A
REGISTRATION NUMBER : 18EC1004
SUBJECT : DIGITAL COMMUNICATION LABORATORY

Ajay Gawtham 18EC1003

EXP.NO: 1
DATE: 30/08/2020
AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING
AIM:
To construct the amplitude shift keying modulator & demodulator circuit and study
their operation.

DEVICES, COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:

S.NO NAME TYPE/RANGE QUANTITY

1. Operational amplifier IC 741 2

2. Field effect transistor BFW10 1

3. Diode 0A79 1

4. Resistors 112KΩ,82KΩ, 1

47KΩ,4.7KΩ 1

10KΩ,1KΩ 5,2

5. Capacitors 10nF,1nF 1,2

6. Signal generator (0-10M)Hz 1

7. Regulated power supply +15V,(0-30)V 1

8. Cathode ray oscilloscope 1MHz 1

SPECIFICATIONS OF IC741, BFW10, 0A79:

Refer the enclosed datasheet in appendix.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Figure 5.2: ASK Modulator circuit

Figure 5.3: ASK Demodulator circuit

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THEORY:

Amplitude-shift keying (ASK) is a form of amplitude modulation that represents digital data
as variations in the amplitude of a carrier wave. In an ASK system, the binary symbol 1 is
represented by transmitting a fixed-amplitude carrier wave and fixed frequency for a bit
duration of T seconds. If the signal value is 1 then the carrier signal will be transmitted;
otherwise, a signal value of 0 will be transmitted.

Any digital modulation scheme uses a finite number of distinct signals to represent digital
data. ASK uses a finite number of amplitudes, each assigned a unique pattern of binary digits.
Usually, each amplitude encodes an equal number of bits. Each pattern of bits forms the
symbol that is represented by the particular amplitude. The demodulator, which is designed
specifically for the symbol-set used by the modulator, determines the amplitude of the
received signal and maps it back to the symbol it represents, thus recovering the original data.
Frequency and phase of the carrier are kept constant.
Like AM, an ASK is also linear and sensitive to atmospheric noise, distortions, propagation
conditions on different routes in PSTN, etc. Both ASK modulation and demodulation
processes are relatively inexpensive. The ASK technique is also commonly used to transmit
digital data over optical fiber.

ASK MODULATION:
Amplitude modulation is often associated with the modulation method of AM radio. When
the carrier wave is C(t) and the modulating signal is m(t), the modulated wave Sam is as
follows. With ASK/OOK modulation, a modulator is used to shift the amplitude of the carrier
wave proportionally to the amplitude of the modulating signal (digital signal). In the case of a
digital signal, the modulating signal applied to the modulator is called digital modulation.
The modulator is the same as for analog modulation. With an ASK modulating signal, the
digital signal value is either -1 or +1, and when it is changed to 0 and +1 it is called OOK.
With OOK, the amplitude direction of the modulated wave is indicated by the presence or
absence of a carrier wave. In other words, when the signal is 0, there is no carrier wave and
when it is 1, there is a carrier wave. The spectrum of the ASK modulated wave is centered on
the carrier frequency and the square wave spectrum which is the modulating signal takes a
spread-out form.

ASK DEMODULATOR :
There are two types of ASK Demodulation techniques. They are −
• Asynchronous ASK Demodulation/detection
• Synchronous ASK Demodulation/detection

Ajay Gawtham 18EC1003

The clock frequency at the transmitter when matches with the clock frequency at the receiver,
it is known as a Synchronous method, as the frequency gets synchronized. Otherwise, it is
known as Asynchronous.
ASYNCHRONOUS ASK DEMODULATION

The Asynchronous ASK detector consists of a half-wave rectifier, a low pass filter, and a
comparator. Following is the block diagram for the same.

The modulated ASK signal is given to the half-wave rectifier, which delivers a positive half
output. The low pass filter suppresses the higher frequencies and gives an envelope detected
output from which the comparator delivers a digital output.
SYNCHRONOUS ASK DEMODULATION
Synchronous ASK detector consists of a Square law detector, low pass filter, a comparator,
and a voltage limiter. Following is the block diagram for the same.

Ajay Gawtham 18EC1003

The ASK modulated input signal is given to the Square law detector. A square law detector is
one whose output voltage is proportional to the square of the amplitude modulated input
voltage. The low pass filter minimizes the higher frequencies. The comparator and the
voltage limiter help to get a clean digital output.
MODEL GRAPH:

TABULATION:

SL.NO SIGNALS AMPLITUDE FREQUENCY

(Vp-p) (Hz)

1. MODULATING DATA 2V 1KHZ

SIGNALS

2. 1V 10KHZ
CARRIER SIGNALS

3. 2V(max) -
MODULATED SIGNAL 0.2V(min) -

4. 20V 1KHZ

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 DEMODULATED SIGNAL

GRAPH:

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INFERENCE:
• Changing amplitude in proportional to binary data, produces a digital modulated signal
called amplitude shift keying.
• Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) is a form of modulation that represents digital data as
variations in the amplitude of the carrier wave.
• The amplitude level is denoted by binary logic 1s and 0s.
• ASK transmitter and receiver are simple to design.
• Amplitude shift keying is also known as on-off keying.
• ASK needs less bandwidth.

PROCEDURE:
(1) The ASK modulator and demodulator circuits are constructed as per the circuit
diagrams shown in Figures 5.2 and 5.3 respectively.
(2) The data signal is applied to the ASK modulator.
(3) The data, carrier and the modulated signals are studied and the values are tabulated.
(4) The modulated output is fed as input to the demodulator circuit shown in Figure 5.3.
(5) The demodulated signal is studied, tabulated and drawn.

RESULT:

Thus the Amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulator and demodulator circuits has been
constructed and their responses are observed and output waveforms are drawn.

Ajay Gawtham 18EC1003

SIMULATION WAVEFORMS:

Figure 5.4: INFORMATION, CARRIER, ASK MODULATED

SIGNALS

Figure 5.5: ASK MODULATED AND DEMODULATED SIGNALS

Ajay Gawtham 18EC1003

Viva questions:
1.What is aliasing effect?  How to overcome it?

Due to imperfect sampling the signals will be interfered in frequency domain i.e called
aliasing effect in sampling. if sampling theorem satisfied in sampling or first by passing
signal from anti aliasing filter before sampling then aliasing effect will be reduced
2.  What are the Analog pulse modulation methods?

Pulse amplitude modulation, pulse width modulation and pulse position modulation..

3.Why is ASK called as on-off keying?

Since in ASK modulation the digital data is represented as the presence and absence of the
carrier wave, this type of modulation is called on-off modulation.

4.What is the basic difference between baseband modulation and bandpass modulation?

The baseband is defined as a transmission signal that contains more than just a single
frequency from 0 Hz to the highest frequency component.The passband is the output of a
band-pass filter. It is a signal corresponds to the settings of the band-pass filter. While
baseband is the original signal, passband is the filtered signal. Passband is more technically
defined as the portion of the spectrum between limiting frequencies with minimum relative
loss or maximum relative gain.

5. What is the difference between Bit Rate and Baud Rate?

Bit rate represents Bits per sec,Baud rate represents no. of symbols per second i.e. in
communications the no. of bits transmitted per sec is called as Bit Rate (units bps) and The no. of
times a signal (here carrier) changes its state (change in freq, phase, amplitude) per sec is called as
Baud rate.

6. List out the advantages of ASK?

 ASK transmitter and receiver are simple in design and easy to construct.

 ASK offers high bandwidth efficiency.

7. What are the applications of ASK?

• Low-frequency RF applications
• Home automation devices
• Industrial networks devices

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 • Wireless base stations
• Tire pressuring monitoring systems

8.What is the relationship between bits and symbols?

A symbol is a group of bits. The bit stream to be transmitted is serial to parallel multiplexed
onto a stream of symbols with q bits per symbol.

9. Where is Baseband transmission used?

Common local area network (LAN) networking technologies such as Ethernet use baseband
transmission technology.

10. Differentiate Simplex, Half duplex and Full duplex modes?

 Simplex Mode of transmission is the mode of transmission in which there is only

unidirectional flow of data.
 Half duplex Mode is the mode of transmission in which there is bi-directional flow of
data but one at a time
 Full Duplex is the mode of transmission in which again there is bi-directional flow of
data.

Ajay Gawtham 18EC1003