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CamScanner 09-28-2021 01.03

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111 views25 pages

CamScanner 09-28-2021 01.03

Uploaded by

body fayez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Answer ALL questions, Write your answers in the spaces provided. fe questions must be answered with a cross in ab ne aver puta line through the box $8 and che box, If you change your mind about an ark your new answer with a cross &. A polysaccharides, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins are large molecules found in living organisms. (a) Polymers are large molecules made of monomers. The table gives information about some of these polymers, Complete the table by filling in the empty boxes with either the name of the monomer, the elements present in each monomer or the type of bond between monomers. (4) E Polymer Ds aphorier ss Elements presentin | Type of bond between : See monomer _ monomers sw APL. . ~ yd tecpars.. polysaccharides monosaccharide nt A Bl Goteby, glycosidic carbon, hydrogen, nucleic acid oxygen, phosphorus and L nitrogen LPhas bad ikiter Rb. ,... pYdlgp III Ly fn protein amino acid oe PUYBILE) eee peptide Scanned with CamScanner {iglycerides are lipid. pescribe how an unsaturated triglyceride is synthesised. @) ene glyeerd.and... 2 Pay rxct_nonyfoihed by ceabensahion.feseslon Sy sigenzy LMS... (Total for Question 1 = 7 marks) Scanned with CamScanner {on with diabetes has a blood glucose level that can be too high. en the blood glucose level of a person without diab i fiver stores glucose as a polysaccharide, ce (a) Which polysaccharide does the liver store? a) EE Og 1A amylopectin OB cellulose & ¢ glycogen Bo starch (b) Blood glucose levels can become high following the digestion of carbohydrates. Which of the following can be digested to release glucose? o A_ both fructose and sucrose OB both fructose and galactose OC both galactose and lactose x D_ both lactose and sucrose (©) Diabetes is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. (i) One estimate is that there are 415 million people with diabetes in the world and that 46% of these people are undiagnosed. Calculate the number of people who have undiagnosed diabetes. a) Uh co00a ig Re (92 9 ~°29 ANSWEF ns Scanned with CamScanner Ay There are two types of diabetes, Type | and Type Il. the treatment for Type | diabetes |s different from the treatment for Type I! diabetes, so It Is Important for a correct diagnosis to be made. Diagnosis can be difficult, particularly in people aged between 20 and 40 years old. ‘A genetic screening method is now available for the diagnosis of diabetes. Explain why doctors are more likely to scggen individuals once they develop diabetes than use methods such as prenatal testing. wb arson etscpileh.....dnd.@eg Us. as clube, (3) Pr ke EE. (Total for Question 2=6 marks) Scanned with CamScanner ts a used in the treatment of atherosclerosis, jagram shows how stent i fhe diag its are positioned in a diseased coronary artery. plaque stent balloon An uninflated balloon and narrow stent are inserted into the diseased coronary artery. The balloon is inflated, expanding the stent. The balloon is deflated and removed, leaving the expanded stent in place. Explain why a stent is used in the treatment of atherosclerosis in a coronary artery. (3) potato elas flaws se Bit ee en Fated tea AVE. Lictneh.. ee Scanned with CamScanner fnserting 2 stent can damage the artery, In: this damage can result in stent thrombosis if the blood clotting process is stimulated. A sudy looked at the damage caused by two different types of stent, stent A and stent B. The graph shows the incidence of stent thrombosis found in this study. 2.0; r sten(a) Incidence of stent thrombosis “° stent B (%) 0.0: 0 1 2 3 Years after inserting the stent (i)_ In this study, 800 patients had stent A inserted and 400 patients had ster inserted. Calculate the difference in the number of patients who developed stent thrombosis three years after inserting the stent, (2) B 2 Tex) Zz =Y AB 2 geo Xph = l2er 2 2 (22 12-95y Answer... Scanned with CamScanner (ii) nef On NGS, state how the formation of a blood clot in the coronary artery could cause the death of the patient. active form? a Q Qo w prothrombin and thromboplastin only prothrombin and thrombin only (ii) Which components of the blood clotting process are enzymes in their a) A B € prothrombin, thrombin and thromboplastin D thrombin and thromboplastin only (iv) Which components of the blood clotting process are soluble in blood plasma? a Oo R o A fibrin and fibrinogen B fibrin and thromboplastin fibrinogen and thromboplastin D fibrinogen only a) (v) Stent B contains a drug to prevent stent thrombosis. Suggest one type of drug that could be used in stent B. vs Cf PEL.. qa) (Total for Question 3 = 9 marks) Scanned with CamScanner male taster O © female taster O male non-taster e female non-taster -{— GC (2) Complete the diagram to show the following information: a) + individual 7 as a male taster + individual 8 as a male non-taster + individual 9 as a female taster. Scanned with CamScanner ‘Describe the difference between each of the following pairs of terms, information in the pedigree diagram to illustrate your answer, a (i) Gene andallele YEE ube Suenee.... of eo sone Mars j0n...04-dhe gene) os (ii) Genotype and phenotype (2) Cite. canbe de.tttep. of lL. Shera, opps ga OX Peed IN... (Explain which is the dominant allele. Use the information in the pedigree diagram to support your answer. (2) _fe LOL ALY ALO Corb S. pedis pay tL LUD lyfe IAKES ohhh tS Ob Yfbeteowry Scanned with CamScanner xplain why this gene is unlikely to be located on the X chromosome. Use the information in the pedigree diagram to support your answer. _indugutl...6)...1acer. feemefe nan espe... cnd...he fade se CHEE. AF ES HO (2) (Total for Question 4 = 9 marks) Scanned with CamScanner ple with cystic fibrosis produce very thick, sticky mucus. cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in a gene coding for the CFTR protein. (a) Explain why a mutation in this gene results in the production of very thick, sticky mucus. (3) \ ot (cl).vens BON} montovkabphe. CoM. $0 apec.Pe.kexap'e-| sod SIAC fie COAL MOCO oon au Er tbtlcnenhyy tf POEM YI BE MMPS ME non Scanned with CamScanner breathing difficulties problems absorbing nutrients, infertility Explain why very thick, sticky mucus results in these health problems. oc COOLS CS, MEMES nto aep Sone PAmbpre ys “oka FRADE A800 Bf. on Pitesti. hia. fuinteds c. Ca Xdiacde. Ctbyreghes.radllsepete Yeslat.. Leyte vo Sone pe 00. e COO PPL feo dat, }-- {Debi opt AE ASpo Patt Hore Gy Pb Ene eels x... Scanned with CamScanner .e graph shows the correlation be! twee ire sand the level of functi en the concentration of chloride i sl ion of tt loride ions in he CFTR protein, 100 Concentration of chloride ions in sweat 3 / mmol dm 40 80 Level of function of the CFTR protein (%) Individuals diagnosed with cystic fibrosis have a level of function of the CFTR protein of 18% or less. (i) Which is the change in concentration of chloride ions in the sweat of an individual when the level of function of CFTR protein decreased from 10096 to 18%? a) a 15 mmol dm? 35 mmol dm? A GB [2 ¢ 40mmoldm® Go 80 mmol dm™ Scanned with CamScanner iy cystic fibrosis results from different mutations in the CFTR gene. Explain how the graph provides eviden: ice that cystic i different mutations in the CFTR gene. Pees arroat (eseis from (2) neh Ghowd... Ty z vee C56) 2) ANSWEF ne AB ct bones KQ Scanned with CamScanner (iil comment on the risk of developing CVD in these two wo; men. a) / ay BM. Pemele ae ligtent, Theta. Wt.QLNEN... bed bay. j35. 46... A dene Pag, C cup. (iv) The diagram shows how the waist and hip measurements should be taken, using a tape measure. measure waist at narrowest point measure hips at widest point Explain how the way a person takes these measurements could produce an underestimate of their risk of CVD. (2) DItAFe... PACA lt-.L2.M ta0.rat. RO tet At PCa Scanned with CamScanner "9" tee snowa+ sold “mle the back ortl HT he arm, ick: ness Measurement is taken over the EX oa? the skin is pinched over the triceps to form a skinfold skin callipers are placed across the skinfold and the thickness read from a scale Hea SEN an Skinfold thickness measures the thickness of the layer of fat under the skin, Noa 7A. Measurements are taken from several sites on the body, The table shows the skinfold thickness at four sites on a 42-year-old female, Over the biceps at the front of the arm 0.63 = over the triceps at the back of the arm 082 B under the shoulder blade at the back of the neck 0.65 6 above the hip bone at the side of the body 0.82 (i) Suggest two reasons why the skinfold thickness values are different at each site on the body. ‘Assume that the skin callipers have been used correctly. i Dhaene, hed achit ang (tease CxXtrcea'yse..UM....... \ /BRY Sam LON ORS. a Scanned with CamScanner OO i) The table shows a body fat interpretation chart, The values in the table are the Means of the four skinfold thickness measurements. ‘Level of body fat Moderate | High 20 to 29 <071 0.71 t00.77 | 0.78 to 0.82 >0.82 30t039 | <0.72 | 072t00.78 | 0.79t00.84 >084 40t049 | <0.73 | 0.73t00.79 | 0.800087 >0.87 50t059 | <0.74 | 0,74t00.81 | 0.82t00.88 >0.88 Determine the level of body fat of this female. a) Answer9QBe PHP. (Total for Question 6 = 11 marks) Scanned with CamScanner fs number of diseases are associated with lifestyle risk f factors, some of these risk factors Cause Mutations, (a) Mutations can give rise to cancer, State the Meaning of the term mutation, ~ Change lathe base oP the DWA.. (b) Exposure to ultraviolet light is associated with the development of skin cancer. The graphs show the incidence of skin can Country in the Far East, from 2000 to 2005, icer in males and females in one 250: 12005 £12004 12003 Incidence of = skin cancer per 100 000 of the male 12002 population «0 cceeeatase 0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 >80 Age / years 12005 32004 fr Incidence of skin #142003 cancer per 100000 by of the female - fat }2002 population 12001 3880 0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 >80 Scanned with CamScanner @ Te graphs show some Correlations, State the Meaning of the term Correlation, a) = y ONE... ASAD 1 ¢.. AY. fled. oth Nn nceua ale, VOB LE cen — — (ii) Describe the correlations shown by these graphs, (3) sw HAN, CaNber..Arecrens0.5....\di'tty exyejiacrmases.. 1rd 65 reve y-Sfhplra-- Prapahly.

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