8

Science
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Force,Motion, and Energy
Science - Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
First Quarter- Module 1: Force, Motion, and Energy
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Guia A. Aguilar, Cliff Francis P. Mananqui, Rowel D. Tabaloc
Editor: Elsie T. Seǹeris, Guia A. Aguilar, Cliff Francis P. Mananqui, Rowel D. Tabaloc
Reviewers: Elsie T. Seǹeris, Glenda T. Catacutan, Arnulfo M. Girasol, Ria Omana
Illustrator: Edgardo Bacang
Layout Artist: Angelica C. Buquiran
Management Team: Ma. Theresa V. Avanzado, CESO VI- SDS

Samuel J. Malayo -- ASDS

Milagros S. Mananquil -- Chief, CID

Milagros G. Suyo -- Chief, SGOD

Glenda T. Catacutan -- EPS, LRMS

Arnulfo M. Girasol -- ADM Coordinator
Elsie T. Seǹeris -- EPS, Science

Mrs.by
Printed in the Philippines Glenda
LGU --T.City
Catacutan
of Tanjay
Mr. --
Department of Education Arnulfo M.VII,
Region Girasol
Division of Tanjay City, Negros Oriental

Office Address: Brgy 9 Opao,Tanjay City, Negros Oriental, Philippines

E-mail Address: [email protected]
 Module
Force, Motion, and Energy
1

This module is designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the
knowledge and skills that will lead you dealing with lessons about Forces and Motion. The
scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of learners. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed
to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

This module is divided into three lessons namely:

⚫ Lesson 1 -- Force ( Balanced and Unbalanced)

⚫ Lesson 2 --The Three Laws of Motion According to Isaac Newton

⚫ Lesson 3 -- Work, Kinetic and Potential Energy

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Investigate the relationship between the amount of force applied and the mass of the
object to the amount of change in the object’s motion.
2. Infer that when a body exerts a force on another, an equal amount of force is exerted
back on it.
3. Identify and explain the factors that affect potential and kinetic energy.

1
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. If two forces act on an object in the same direction, the net force is the
A. difference of the two forces.
B. sum of the two forces.
C. only one of the forces acts on the object.
D. neither force can affect the object.
2. A force is a_____. .
A. constant speed
B. push or pull
C. linear quantity
D. cannot be determined
3. If the net force acting on an object is zero, then the object will remain at rest or move in a
straight line with a constant speed. This is Newton's _________ law of motion.
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth

4. When one object exerts a force on another, the second object exerts an equal and
opposite force on the first. Which law matches the description?
A. Newton's 1st Law of Motion
B. Newton's 2nd Law of Motion
C. Newton's 3rd Law of Motion
D. Newton's 4th Law of Motion

5. The size or amount of a force is known as its________. .

A. net force
B. direction
C. magnitude
D. constant speed

2
6. A force that makes objects pull toward each other is called .
A. friction
B. gravity
C. gear
D. Lever
7. When an object changes position over time when compared with a reference point, the
object is said to be in _______. .
A. meter
B. motion
C. process
D. Liter
8. A force gives energy to an object will cause it to .
A. stop moving
B. start moving
C. change its motion
D. all of the above
9. The following are the Newton’s Laws of Motion EXCEPT for one.
A. Acceleration
B. Gravity
C. Inertia
D. Interaction
10. A boy and a girl are pulling a heavy crate at the same time with 10 units of force each.
What is the net force acting on the object?
A. 0
B. 5
C. 10
D. 20
11. It is considered as the ‘’energy in motion’’.
A. Electrical energy
B. Kinetic energy
C. Mechanical energy
D. Potential energy

3
12. When objects fall, their velocities is increase by_________.
A. 9.5 m/s
B. B. 9.6 m/s
C. C. 9.7 m/s
D. D. 9.8 m/s
13. Determine the kinetic energy of a 625 kg roller coaster car that is moving with a speed of
18.3 m/s.
A. 103, 653 J
B. 103,654 J
C. 104, 653 J
D. D. 104, 654 J
14. The stored energy is referred to as________.
A. Electrical energy
B. Kinetic energy
C. Mechanical energy
D. Potential energy
15. A cart is loaded with a brick and pulled at constant speed along an inclined plane to the
height of a seat- top. If the mass of the loaded cart is 3.0 kg and the height of the seat top
is 0.45 meters, then what is the potential energy of the loaded cart at the height of the
seat- top?
A. 13.22 J
B. 13.23 J
C. 13.24 J
D. 13.25 J

4
 According to the website www.physics4kids.com, Motion is one of the key topics in
physics. Everything in the universe moves. It might only be a small amount of movement and
very very slow, but movement does happen. Don't forget that even if you appear to be standing
still, the Earth is moving around the Sun, and the Sun is moving around our galaxy. The
movement never stops. Motion is one part of what physicists call mechanics. Over the years,
scientists have discovered several rules or laws that explain motion and the causes of
changes in motion.

The physics of motion is all about forces. Forces need to act upon an object to get it
moving, or to change its motion. Changes in motion won't just happen on their own. So how
is all of this motion measured? Do forces always results in motion? What are the conditions
for an object to stay at rest, to keep moving at constant velocity, or to move with increasing
velocity?

5
Activity 1
Forces on objects at rest

Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to identify the forces acting
on an object at rest.
Materials:
Pens, pair of scissors, strings, books
Procedure
Situation 1
1. Hang some pens with some piece of strings as shown in Figure 1.
Q1. Is the pen at rest or in motion?
Figure 1. Hanging pens

Q2. Are there forces acting on the pen? If yes, draw the forces. You may use
arrows to represent these forces.
2. Cut the string with a pair of scissors.
Q3. What happens to the pen? What could have caused the pen’s motion?

6
Situation 2

1. Place some books on top of a table as shown in Figure 2.

Q4. Are the books at rest or in motion?

Q5. Are there forces acting on the books? If yes, draw the forces acting on the book.
2. Let one member of your group push the books in one direction and another member push
it in the opposite direction at the same time with the same amount of push (force).
Q6. Did the books move? How will you make the books move?

In the situations above, both the pens and the books are at rest. But this does
not mean that there are no forces acting on them. So what causes them to stay in
place? Consider the next activity.

Activity 2
Balance of forces

Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. examine the conditions when two forces balance, and
2. explain the effect of balanced forces on the state of motion of an object.

Materials:
4 sets spring balance ,1 piece of sturdy cardboard, and threads.

7
Procedure:
1. Bore four holes around the cardboard as
shown. Label the holes A, B, C, and D.

2. Attach threads to the holes.

3. Attach a spring balance to thread A and another one to thread D. Hold the cardboard to
keep it still. Pull the balances along the same line such that when released, the cardboard
remains at rest.
4. When the cardboard is at rest, examine the magnitudes and directions of the two forces by
reading the spring balance.
5. Draw the line of action of the forces acting on the cardboard. Extend the lines until they
intersect. Mark the point of intersection and draw arrows starting at this point to represent
the forces acting on the cardboard.
6. Repeat steps 3 to 5 for pair B and C.
Q1. When the cardboard is at rest, how do the magnitudes and directions of the
pair of forces acting on it compare?
7. Now here is a challenge. Find out the directions of all the forces such that when
all the threads were pulled with the same amount, the cardboard will not move or rotate
when released.
Q2. If you draw the lines of action of all the forces acting on the board and extend the
lines, what will you get?

Activity 3
Action-reaction

Objective:
In this activity, you should be able to compare two interacting forces in terms of magnitude
and direction.

Materials:
2 spring balances, string

8
Procedure:

1. Connect 2 spring balances with their hooks. Ask your partner to hold one end of the balance
while you hold the other end horizontally. Pull the spring balance while your partner just
holds the other end. Record the reading on each balance.
Q1. What is the reading on your balance and that of your partner? What do these values
represent?
Q2. How do you compare the direction of your partner’s and your force?
2. Pull the spring balance harder. Be careful not to exceed the maximum reading
on the spring balance.
Q3. What is the reading on your balance and that of your partner?
Q4. How do you explain your observation?
3. Attach one end of your spring balance to the wall, while the other end is connected to the
second spring balance. Ask your partner to pull the spring balance. Observe the reading
on each balance.
Q5. What is the reading in each balance?
Q6. Compare the direction of the forces exerted on the two ends of the connected spring
balance.

In the simplest sense, a force is a push or a pull. However, Newton realized

that a force is not a thing in itself but part of mutual action, an interaction, between
one thing and another.

9
 Forces have a magnitude (strength) and a direction. Forces can be represented as
arrows with the length of the arrow representing the magnitude of the force and the head of
the arrow pointing in the direction of the force. Force is described as a push or pull. Forces
acting in an object can be Balanced or Unbalanced Force.

Balanced forces will cause no change in the speed of an object.Balanced forces

acting on an object in opposite directions and equal in strength, as shown in the arrows
below, do not cause a change in the speed of a moving object.

Objects that are not moving will not start moving if acted on by balanced forces.
For example, in arm wrestling where there is no winner, the force exerted by each
person is equal, but they are pushing in opposite directions. The resulting force (net
force) is zero.

Or, in a tug of war, if there is no movement in the rope, the two teams are exerting
equal, but opposite forces that are balanced. Again, the resulting force (net force) is
zero.

Example: A man pushing a wall, and the wall does not move and neither the man will
move. It means that, the man and the wall are exerting a balanced force.

Unbalanced forces are not equal, and they always cause the motion of an object
to change the speed and/or direction that it is moving.
Unbalanced forces are not equal, and they always cause the motion of an object
to change the speed and/or direction that it is moving.
When two unbalanced forces are exerted in opposite directions, their combined
force is equal to the difference between the two forces.The magnitude and direction of
the net force affects the resulting motion.
This combined force is exerted in the direction of the larger force
For example, if two students push on opposite sides of a box sitting on the floor, the
student on the left pushes with less force (small arrow) on the box than the student on
the right side of the box (long arrow).If unbalanced forces are exerted in the same
direction, the resulting force (net force) will be the sum of the forces in the direction the
forces are applied.
If there is no net force acting on the object, the motion does not change. If there
is a net force acting on an object, the speed of the object will change in the direction of
the net force.

Example: When a boy kick and it moves from one place to another, that is an example
of unbalanced force.

10
Sir Isaac Newton and the Three Laws of Motion

The motion of an aircraft through the air can be explained and described by physical
principals discovered over 300 years ago by Sir Isaac Newton. Newton worked in many areas
of mathematics and physics. He developed the theories of Gravitation in 1666, when he was
only 23 years old. Some twenty years later, in 1686, he presented his three laws of motion in
the "Principia Mathematica Philosophiae Naturalis." He learned that Gravity is a force that
held us down together on the ground.

Newton's First law states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a
straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force. This is
normally taken as the definition of Inertia. The key point here is that if there is no net
force acting on an object (if all the external forces cancel each other out) then the object will
maintain a constant velocity. If that velocity is zero, then the object remains at rest. If an
external force is applied, the velocity will change because of the force.

The ‘’Law of Inertia’’ states that every object in a state of uniform motion tends
to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it.

The Second law explains how the velocity of an object changes when it is subjected
to an external force. The law defines a force to be equal to change in momentum (mass
times velocity) per change in time. Newton also developed the calculus of mathematics, and
the "changes" expressed in the second law are most accurately defined in differential forms.
(Calculus can also be used to determine the velocity and location variations experienced by
an object subjected to an external force.) For an object with a constant mass m, the second
law states that the force F is the product of an object's mass and its acceleration a:

F=m*a

For an external applied force, the change in velocity depends on the mass of the object. A
force will cause a change in velocity; and likewise, a change in velocity will generate a force.
The equation works both ways.

The ‘’Law of Acceleration’’ states that the acceleration of an object as

produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force,
in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of
the object.

11
 The Third law states that for every action (force) in nature there is an equal and
opposite reaction. In other words, if object A exerts a force on object B, then object B also
exerts an equal force on object A. Notice that the forces are exerted on different objects. The
third law can be used to explain the generation of lift by a wing and the production
of thrust by a jet engine.

The ‘’Law of Interaction’’ states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite
reaction.

Work, in Physics, measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved
over a distance by an external force at least part of which is applied in the direction of
the displacement. Work is done if the object moves a distance in the direction towards which
you are pushing it.

Work done on a body is accomplished not only by a displacement of the body as a

whole from one place to another but also, for example, by compressing a gas, by rotating a
shaft, and even by causing invisible motions of the particles within a body by an
external magnetic force.

No work, as understood in this context, is done unless the object is displaced in some
way and there is a component of the force along the path over which the object is moved.
Holding a heavy object stationary does not transfer energy to it, because there is no
displacement.Thus, work is a method of transferring energy. This means that when work is
done, energy is transferred.

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. An object that has motion - whether it is vertical
or horizontal motion - has kinetic energy. There are many forms of kinetic energy - vibrational
(the energy due to vibrational motion), rotational (the energy due to rotational motion), and
translational (the energy due to motion from one location to another). To keep matters simple,
we will focus upon translational kinetic energy. The amount of translational kinetic energy
(from here on, the phrase kinetic energy will refer to translational kinetic energy) that an object
has depends upon two variables: the mass (m) of the object and the speed (v) of the object.
The following equation is used to represent the kinetic energy (KE) of an object.

The equation is :

12
A. KE = ½ mv²
where m = mass of object

v = speed of object

The formula can be derived as follows:

B. m= 2x KE
v²
C. V= 2XKE
m

Examples:
1. A car is travelling at a velocity of 10 m/s and it has a mass of 250 Kg. Compute its Kinetic
energy?
Answer:
Given: Mass of the body m = 250 Kg,
Velocity v = 10 m/s,
Kinetic energy is given by

KE= ½ x (250 kg)x (10 m/s)²

KE= 12, 500 J

2. A man is transporting a trolley of mass 6 Kg and having Kinetic energy of 40 J. Compute

Its Velocity with which he is running?
Answer:
Given: Mass, m = 6 Kg
Kinetic energy K.E = 60 J

V= 2x 40 J
6kg

V= 13.33

V= 3.65 m/s

13
Potential Energy
An object can store energy as the result of its position. For example, the heavy ball of a
demolition machine is storing energy when it is held at an elevated position. This stored
energy of position is referred to as potential energy.

The two examples above illustrate the two forms of potential energy to be discussed in this
course - gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy. Gravitational potential
energy is the energy stored in an object as the result of its vertical position or height. The
energy is stored as the result of the gravitational attraction of the Earth for the object. When
objects fall, their velocities is increase by 9.8 m/s.

There is a direct relation between gravitational potential energy and the mass of an object.
More massive objects have greater gravitational potential energy. There is also a direct
relation between gravitational potential energy and the height of an object. The higher that
an object is elevated, the greater the gravitational potential energy. These relationships are
expressed by the following equation:

PEgrav = mass • g • height

PEgrav = m x g x h

Example:
1. A cart is loaded with a brick and pulled at constant speed along an inclined plane to the
height of a seat-top. If the mass of the loaded cart is 3.0 kg and the height of the seat top is
0.45 meters, then what is the potential energy of the loaded cart at the height of the seat-
top?

PEgrav = m x g x h
PE = m*g*h
PE = (3 kg ) * (9.8 m/s/s) * (0.45 m)
PE = 13.2 J

Elastic Potential Energy

The second form of potential energy that we will discuss is elastic potential energy. Elastic
potential energy is the energy stored in elastic materials as the result of their stretching or
compressing. Elastic potential energy can be stored in rubber bands, bungee chords,

trampolines, springs, an arrow drawn into a bow, etc. The amount of elastic potential energy
stored in such a device is related to the amount of stretch of the device - the more stretch,
the more stored energy.

14
Elastic potential energy can be stored in rubber bands, bungee chords, trampolines, springs,
an arrow drawn into a bow, etc. The amount of elastic potential energy stored in such a
device is related to the amount of stretch of the device - the more stretch, the more stored
energy.

Springs are a special instance of a device that can store elastic potential energy due to
either compression or stretching. A force is required to compress a spring; the more
compression there is, the more force that is required to compress it further.

Read the situations below. Write W if work is done on the situation and NW if no work
is done on the space provided before each number.

_____1. A block is moving on a smooth horizontal surface.

_____2. You are carrying two bags in your hands and not moving .
_____3. A person holds a bundle of hay over his head for 30 minutes and gets tired.
_____4. If you push a wall , but it does not move.
_____5. A girl is pushing the shopping cart forward.
_____6. The boy roll a ball in front of him.
_____7. The lady is carrying a bag while walking.
_____8. A rocket accelerates through space.
_____9. A waiter carries a tray full of meals above his head by one arm straight
across the room at constant speed.
_____10. Sleeping for many hours.
_____11. The lion runs fast to get his prey.
_____12. You sit on a chair for hours
_____13. The horse is carrying a 30 kg sac of rice while walking forward.
_____14. The motorcycle travels 60 km/hr going north.
_____15. Ana pushes a 15 kg sac of fertilizers.

15
⚫ Force is a push or pull
There are two types of forces acting on an object; Balanced ( Will cause no change in
the speed of an object because it has the same force) and Unbalanced Forces
( Are not equal, and they always cause the motion of an object to change the
speed and/or direction that it is moving).
⚫ In 1686, Isaac Newton presented his three laws of motion in the "Principia Mathematica
Philosophiae Naturalis.
⚫ The Three Laws of Motion According to Isaac Newton are; 1. The Law of Inertia which
states that an object will remain at rest unless acted upon by an external force. 2. The
Law of Acceleration which states that the acceleration of an object as produced by a
net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction
as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. 3. The Law of
Interaction which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

⚫ Work, is a measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a
distance by an external force at least part of which is applied in the direction of
the displacement. Work is done if the object moves a distance in the direction towards
which you are pushing or pulling it. No work, as understood in this context, is done unless
the object is displaced in some way and there is a component of the force along the path
over which the object is moved. Holding a heavy object stationary does not transfer energy
to it, because there is no displacement. If the force applied is not proportional to the
direction itself, then, no work is done after all.
⚫ Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. An object that has motion - whether it is vertical
or horizontal motion.
⚫ Potential Energy is referred to as the ‘’ stored energy’’. gravitational potential energy
and elastic potential energy. Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an
object as the result of its vertical position or height. The energy is stored as the result of
the gravitational attraction of the Earth for the object. Elastic potential energy is the
energy stored in elastic materials as the result of their stretching or compressing.

16
 Directions: Classify the images below that illustrates Kinetic or Potential Energy. Write
your answers on the box provided after the image.

1.

2.

3.

4.

17
5.

6.

7.

8.

18
 Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. He was the proponent of the Three Laws of Motion.

A. Isaac Newton
B. Galileo Galilei
C. Robert Hooke
D. D. Michael Faraday

2. Which is NOT TRUE about Potential Energy?

A. An object can store energy as the result of its position
B. This stored energy of position is referred to as potential energy.
C. An object that has motion - whether it is vertical or horizontal motion - has
kinetic energy.
D. The two examples above illustrate the two forms of potential energy are
gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy.
3. Which situation is shows that work is done?
A. An apple falling from a tree.
B.A waiter carrying a tray of wine.
C. A girl who is pushing the wall.
D. A lady carrying a shoulder bag while walking.
4. When a player dribbles a ball, it actually returned to their hands after hitting the floor, this
means that _______.
A. Acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional
to the magnitude of the net force.
B. The amount of elastic potential energy stored in such a device is related to
the amount of stretch of the device - the more stretch, the more stored
energy.
C. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of
motion unless an external force is applied to it.
D. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
5. Which statements below best describes what is gravity?
A. Forces acting on an object in opposite directions and equal in strength .
B. A force will cause a change in velocity; and likewise, a change in velocity will
generate a force.

19
 C. It is a measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a
distance by an external force at least part of which is applied in the direction of
the displacement.
D. It is the force by which a planet or other body draws objects toward its center.
The force that held us down together on the ground.
6. Which among the following statements below describes the ‘’Law of Inertia’’?
A. acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to
the magnitude of the net force.
B. The amount of elastic potential energy stored in such a device is related to the
amount of stretch of the device - the more stretch, the more stored energy.
C. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of
motion unless an external force is applied to it.

D. For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

7. It is done if the object moves a distance in the direction towards which you are pushing or
pulling it.
A. Acceleration
B. B. Gravity
C. C. Inertia
D. D. Work
8. How much Gravitational Potential Energy does a 5kg rock that is 10m above the ground
has?
A. 460 J
B. B. 470 J
C. C. 480 J
D. D. 490 J
9. A force is a_____.

A. constant speed
B. push or pull
C. linear quantity
D. cannot be determined
10. The stored energy is referred to as________.
A. Electrical energy
B. Kinetic energy
C. Mechanical energy
D. Potential energy

20
11. It is the energy of motion. An object that has motion - whether it is vertical or horizontal
motion.
A. Electrical energy
B. Kinetic energy
C. Mechanical energy
D. D. Potential energy
12. An object has a kinetic energy of 25 J and a mass of 34 kg, how fast is the object moving?
A. 1.21 m/s
B. 1.22 m/s
C. 1.31 m/s
D. 1.32 m/s
13. Below are the Three Laws of Motion EXCEPT for one.
A. Law of Acceleration
B. Law of Gravity
C. Law of Inertia
D. Law of Interaction
14. When objects fall, their velocities is increase by_________.
A. 9.5 m/s
B. 9.6 m/s
C. 9.7 m/s
D. 9.8 m/s
15. An object moving with a speed of 21 m/s and has a kinetic energy of 140 J, what is the
mass of the object.
A. 0.60 kg
B. 0.61 kg
C. 0.62 kg
D. 0.63 kg

21
Read and answer the following questions below.

1. Supposing there is a truck and a bicycle both hit a wall with the same speed. Which
among the two causes more damage on the wall?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________

2. Describe the three laws of motion and give sample situations each.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________

3. What will happen if there is no motion in outer space and our planet?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________

22
 23
What I Know What’s New What’s New
What’s New
1. B ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2
2. B ACTIVITY 3
3. A Forces on Objects
Balance of Forces
4. C at Rest Action- Reaction
5. A Q1. The forces
6. A Situation 1: Q1. (answer
are equal in
7. B Hanging pen may differ, but the
8. D magnitude but
values should be
9. B Q1. The pens opposite in
equal)
10. D are at rest. direction.
11. B These values
12. D Q2. Yes. The Q2. If the lines of
forces acting on represent the
13. C action of the forces
14. D the pens are the amount of pulling
15. B
are extended, they force that we
tension force (the
force exerted by meet at a single exerted on each
the strings on the point.
pens) and the force other.
of gravity. Q2. The forces
Q3. When the that we exerted
string was cut, the are in opposite
pen falls to the directions.
ground. The force
of gravity makes Q3. (The
the object fall readings this time
down. should be greater
than the previous
Situation 2: ones)
Books on a table
Q4. We
Q4. The books
increased the
are at rest.
force that we
Q5. Yes. The exerted on each
forces acting on other.
the books are the
force exerted by Q5. (readings
the table on the may vary)
book and the force
of gravity. Q6. The forces are
of opposite
Q6. No, the directions.
books stay at
rest. The books
may be moved
by pushing it
on one side
only.
 24
What I Can Do Assessment
1. Kinetic Energy 1. A
2. Kinetic Energy
2. C
3. Potential Energy
4. Kinetic Energy 3. A
5. Kinetic Energy
4. D
6. Potential Energy
7. Potential Energy 5. D
8. Kinetic Energy
6. C
7. D
8. D
9. B
10. D
11. B
12. A
13. B
14. D
15. D
References:
www.physics4kids.com,
http://www.physics4kids.com/files/motion_intro.html
https://www.helpteaching.com/questions/Forces_and_Motion/Grade_8
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-1/Balanced-and-Unbalanced-
Forces
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/newton.html
https://studiousguy.com/inertia-examples/
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/u5l1c.cfm
https://msbclasses.weebly.com/uploads/1/0/0/4/100402086/kinetic_energy_practice_questio
ns_answer_key.pdf
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Potential-Energy
https://www.britannica.com/science/work-physics
http://www.pas.rochester.edu/~blackman/ast104/newton3laws16.html
Grade 8 kto12 Learning Modules and Teaching Guide
https://brainly.in/question/57369

25