See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.
net/publication/325718447
BLEEDING TIME (BT) AND CLOTTING TIME (CT)
Article · June 2016
CITATIONS READS
6 24,308
1 author:
Dayyal Dg.
BIOSCIENCE PK, LLC
2 PUBLICATIONS 6 CITATIONS
SEE PROFILE
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
Hemostasis View project
Diagnosis of tuberculosis from sputum examination View project
All content following this page was uploaded by Dayyal Dg. on 12 June 2018.
The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
2016
Bleeding Time (BT)
and Clotting Time (CT)
By Dayyal Dg.
The bleeding time test is dependent on appropriate functioning of platelets blood
vessels and platelets and evaluates earliest hemostasis (platelets components and
vascular)…
Dayyal Dg.
© 2016, Dayyal Dg. Published by BioScience.pk
ISSN 2521-5760
Bleeding Time (BT) and Clotting Time (CT) 2
BLEEDING TIME Ivy’s Method
The bleeding time test is dependent on Principle: On the volar surface of forearm, three
appropriate functioning of platelets blood normal punctures are made with the help of a
vessels and platelets and evaluates earliest lancet under normal pulse pressure (between
hemostasis (platelets components and 30-40 mm Hg). The average time is measured
vascular). for bleeding to stop from the puncture sites.
In this test, incision (a surgical cut made in skin) Equipment
or a superficial skin puncture is made and the
time is measured for bleeding to stop. 1. Disposable sterile lancets
There are three methods most commonly used 2. Sphygmomanometer
to measure bleeding time:
3. Filter paper
1. Duke’s method
4. Stopwatch
2. Ivy’s method
Method
3. Template method
1. Blood pressure of the patient is
In Duke’s method, ear lobe is puncture, and the measured with the help of
time is measured for bleeding to stop. This sphygmomanometer. The blood
method is not recommended and cannot be pressure of the patient should be
standardized because it can cause a large local normal before going to the further
hematoma. In Ivy’s method, on the volar process.
surface of the forearm, three punctures are
made with a lancet (cutting depth 2-2.5 mm) 2. The volar surface of the forearm is
under normal pulse pressure (between 30-40 cleansed with ethanol 70% and allowed
mm Hg). A disadvantage of Ivy’s method is to dry.
closure of puncture wound before stoppage of
3. With the help of a lancet, in quick
bleeding. In Template method, a special
succession, three punctures are made
surgical blade is uses to make a larger cut of
about 5 cm apart. Note that scars and
about 1 mm deep and 5 mm long. Although
superficial veins should be avoided.
Template method is better than other methods,
it may produce large scar and even form a 4. Start the stopwatch as soon as puncture
keloid (irregular fibrous tissue formed at the made on the volar surface of the
site of a scar) in predisposed individuals. Ivy’s forearm.
method for the measurement of bleeding time
is described below.
© 2016, Dayyal Dg. Published by BioScience.pk
Bleeding Time (BT) and Clotting Time (CT) 3
5. With the help of the filter paper, blood 4. Disorder of platelet function
oozing from the puncture wound is
gently absorbed with intervals of 15 5. Afibrinogenemia
seconds.
CLOTTING TIME
6. The timer is stopped when blood no
In this test, required time is measured for the
more mark the filter paper.
blood to clot in a glass test tube, kept at 37° C.
7. Time measured for bleeding to stop Extend of duration of clotting time occurs only if
from all the three puncture wound is severe deficiency of a clotting factor exists and
recorded. The average time is is normal in moderate or mild deficiency.
calculated and reported as the bleeding
time.
Reference Ranges
• Normal range: 2 -7 minutes.
• The greater numbers of individuals have
bleeding time less than 4 minutes. The
bleeding time should be reported in
minutes or nearest half minute. If the
bleeding continues more than twenty
minutes, the test is stopped and the
bleeding time should be reported as
>20 minutes (more than 20 minutes).
Cause of extend of duration of
bleeding time
1. Disorders of blood vessels
2. Thrombocytopenia: This term is uses
when the platelet count is less than its
normal value. The bleeding time test
should not be performed if the platelet
count is less than 1,00,000/ml. It may
be difficult to control the bleeding if the
platelet count is very low.
3. Von Willebrand disease
© 2016, Dayyal Dg. Published by BioScience.pk
View publication stats
