THE READINGS IN
PHILIPPINE
HISTORY
QUIZ 1
Mga Gunita ng Katipunan
(Memoirs)
by Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy
- (born March 22/23, 1869, near Cavite, Luzon,
Philippines—died February 6, 1964, Quezon City)
- Nickname: Miong
- His father had been mayor of Kawit (Cavite viejo)
- a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military
leader who is officially recognized as the first and
the youngest president of the Philippines and the
first president of a constitutional republic in Asia.
- He led Philippine forces first against Spain in the
Philippine Revolution, then in the Spanish–
American War, and finally against the United
States during the Philippine–American War.
- Aguinaldo remains a controversial figure in Filipino
history.
GUIDE QUESTION:
HOW DID AGUINALDO START HIS REVOLT AGAINST
01 THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT?
02 HOW DID AGUINALDO AND HIS MEN TREAT
BONIFACIO AND HISE MEN ON THEIR VISIT IN
CAVITE?
03 WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS PART OF
AGUINALDO’S MEMOIRS?
POLITICAL CARICATURES
IN THE AMERICAN ERA
by : ALFRED MCCOY
Philippine political cartoons gained full
expression during the American era. Filipino
artists recorded national attitudes toward the
coming of the Americans as well as the
changing mores and times. While the 377
cartoons compiled in this book speak for
themselves, historian Alfred McCoy’s
extensive research in Philippine and American
archives provides a comprehensive
background not only to the cartoons but to the
turbulent period as well. Artist-writer Alfredo
Roces, who designed the book, contributes an
essay on Philippine graphic satire of the
period.
GUIDE QUESTION:
WHAT SEEMED TO BE COMMON AMONG THE
01 POLITICAL CARICATURES SHOWN IN THE PREVIOUS
PAGES?
02 WHAT DOES THE AUTHOR WANT TO CONVEY IN
THESE POLITICAL CARICATURE?
03 GET A RECENT EDITORIAL CARTOON AND COMPARE
IT WITH ANY OF THESE FIVE POLITICAL CARICATURES.
SPEECH OF HER EXCELLENCY
PRESIDENT CORAZON C. AQUINO
DURING THE JOINT SESSION OF
THE UNITED STATES CONGRESS
ON SEPTEMBER 18, 1986
President Corazon Aquino assumed
office in 1986, following the removal of
Ferdinand Marcos from presidential
office. She served as 11TH president of
the Philippines from 1986 until 1992.
As president, Aquino restored
democracy by abolishing the
legislature, declaring a revolutionary
government, and appointing a fifty-
member commission to write a new
constitution, approved in 1987.
GUIDE QUESTION:
WHAT IS THE GENERAL MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT
01 CORAZON AQUINO’S SPEECH TO THE US CONGREE?
02 HOW DID AQUINO’S ELECTION TO PRESIDENCY
VINDICATE HER HUSBAND’S DEATH?
03 WHAT WERE THE INITIAL DIFFICULTIES PRESIDENT
CORAZON AQUINO FACE DURING HER TERM?