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Mechanical Notes

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Dulce De
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27 views8 pages

Mechanical Notes

Uploaded by

Dulce De
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Inter ‘nal Combustion Engines and Electric Vehicles // 125 e: The engine cylinder, pi crank cas ei ylinder, piston and crankshaft are housed in the crank case which as an oil sump for the storage of the lubricating oil. The oil level is checked with serves "i ‘an oil stick or dip stick. help of ithe crank case is generally made of cast iron. ¢ Camshaft and valve mechanism : The ‘aft operates the intake and exhaust through the cams, cam followers, push ‘nd rocker arms. Ona four stroke engine, fhe inlet and exhaust valves operate once wr cycle, i-e., in two revolutions of the shaft. Consequently, the cam shaft is riven by the crankshaft at exactly half its “tational speed. The crankshaft material is f¢ommonly a steel forging with journals and fam faces case hardened. The valves are usually mushroom “shaped (known as poppet valves) with ‘conical seating surfaces. The poppet valve “is practically universal on all modern car “and commercial vehicle engines. The face of the valve and its seat on the cylinder "are very accurately ground at an angle of 30 degree or 45 degree. Steel containing asmall percentage of nickel and chromium is the usual valve material. Such an alloy has good heat-resisting qualities, and is considered good enough to withstand high temperatures, mechanical forces, corrosive “and erosive effects of the high velocity " gylinder gases. ___ The valves may be provided at the top Fig. 3.3. Overhead valve mechanism Or on the side of the engine cylinder. Fig. 13.3 shows a typical overhead-valve lifts the push rod through cam follower an‘ -£nd. The other end_ of the rocker arm then gets de T Teturns to its seating by the spring after the cam has rotated. The valve stem moves in a valve Buide which acts asa bearing, Some clearance is provided between the rocker arm and valve stem to take care of valve expansion during running of engine, and it can be adjusted by the abjusting screw. The exhaust valve usually has a greater clearance as it runs hotter. * Flyzoheel ; The flywheel is a heavy and thoroughly balanced disk fitted onto the end of Crankshaft It stores excess energy during the power stroke and reiuins this stored energy for ‘se during the auxiliary strokes. Thus it serves to reduce cyclic variations of speed and ensures {uniform rotation of erankehaft. Heavier the flywheel, more uniform and stable will be the operation f the engine Flywheels are generally manufactured from cast ir with governor: A governor is used to adjust the power 0 external load and accordingly make the engine © ‘Screw adjuster Clearance assembly with the principle parts named. The cam d the push rod actuates the rocker arm lever at one ,pressed and that opens the valve. The valve on or cast steel. utput from an engine in conformity erate at constant speed, The task Scanned with OKEN Scanner @ Scanned with OKEN Scanner @ Scanned with OKEN Scanner @ Scanned with OKEN Scanner @ Scanned with OKEN Scanner @ Scanned with OKEN Scanner @ Scanned with OKEN Scanner @ Scanned with OKEN Scanner

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