NOTA LENGKAP TENSE

PAST

1. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Past tense digunakan untuk apa sahaja yang telah berlaku sebelum masa sekarang.

Di bawah adalah perkataan menun jukkan masa lalu yang perlu ada untuk menggunakan simple past
tense.

a. yesterday

b. just now

c. last week

d. last night

e. last month

f. a few days ago

g. a few times ago

h. a few years ago

2. PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE

For actions happening at some time in the past

When we want to talk about an action that was happening over a period of time in the past, we use the
past continuous tense. Look at these examples:

a) At this time last week I was laying on the beach in Florida.

b) My mother was working in the garden so she didn't hear the telephone when I called her
yesterday.

c) I had my car fixed because it wasn't working properly.

d) Sorry, I wasn't listening. Can you say it again please?

e) What were you doing at 8 o'clock yesterday?

f) Why were you talking to John when I saw you in the cafeteria yesterday?

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 g) I went to lunch too early. The food was still being cooked. (passive)

The past continuous is very often used with the past simple to say that something happened in the
middle of something else. In each of the following examples, the single event (past simple) happens in
the middle of a longer action (past continuous).

a) You phoned while I was having a bath.

b) When I got home yesterday, a cat was sitting on the roof.

c) It started to rain just as we were getting ready to have our picnic.

d) The boy was standing on the table when the principal came into the room.

e) Many people were shopping in the market when the bomb exploded.

f) I saw Noriko in town yesterday. She was wearing a pink dress and an orange hat!

g) When I went to bed last night the sun was already beginning to rise.

h) It was lucky we weren't sitting under that tree when the lightning hit.

i) What were you doing when the lights went off last night?

j) Were you watching me when I showed you how to do it?

k) How fast was she driving when she had the accident?

3. PAST PERFECT TENSE

For actions that happened before a past event

When we want to talk about an action that happened before a past event, we often use the past
perfect. Look at these examples:

a) When I got home yesterday, my father had already cooked dinner.

b) I didn't want to go to the movies with my friends because I had seen the film already.

c) My friend offered me an apple in class yesterday, but I wasn't hungry because I had just eaten
lunch.

d) I arrived very late at the party. All my friends had already gone home.

e) As soon as she had done her homework, she went to bed.

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 f) I was very tired as I hadn't slept well for several days.

g) Had you seen the film before?

Notice how often words like already, just, never etc. are used with the past perfect.

4. PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

a) I had been working in the garden all day, and all I wanted to do was sleep.

b) She had been living in a one-room apartment for a year before getting married.

c) How long had you been playing the piano before the accident with your hand?

d) He'd been learning German for two years, but he stopped when he returned to Japan.

e) We'd been painting our house for two weeks, but we were still a long way from finishing.

PRESENT

1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSES

Present tense digunakan untuk apa sahaja yang sedang berlaku ataupun untuk penyataan am.

Simple present tense kebiasaannya digunakan untuk tiga perkara:

a. Untuk menerangkan perkara-perkara yang kekal dan tidak berubah.

b. Untuk menerangkan kekerapan berlakunya sesuatu perkara.

c. Untuk memperkatakan tentang acara-acara yang telah dijadualkan.

Kita perlu menggunakan tense ini jika mahu memberitahu seseorang perkara tentang diri anda seperti
hobi, prinsip atau nilai yang anda rasakan betul, ataupun bertanyakan tentang sesuatu perkara.

2. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

Menerangkan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlaku pada masa sekarang, menyatakan perbuatan yang
bersifat sementara dan menyatakan perbuatan yang bermaksud pada waktu yang akan datang.

Penggunaan: to be (am, are, is) + present participle (bentuk - ing)

1) They are studying history now (mereka sedang mempelajari sejarah sekarang)
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2) She is watching tv now, but she will sleep soon (dia sedang menonton televisyen sekarang, tetapi dia
akan tidur sekejap lagi)

3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Menerangkan peristiwa yang telah terjadi pada waktu lampau yang masih ada hubungannya dengan
masa sekarang, namun waktu terjadinya tidak diketahui.

Penggunaan: I/we/you/they + have + past participle

He/she/it + has + past participle

1) I have lived here for three years (saya telah tinggal di sini selama 3 tahun)

2) I have already seen him(saya telah menjumpainya)

4. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

a) I have been working in the garden all day, and now I'm extremely tired.

b) She has been living in a one-room apartment since she left home.

c) How long have you been playing the piano?

d) He's been learning German for two years, but he still can't speak it very well.

e) We've been painting our house since last Friday, but we're still a long way from finishing.

f) We haven't been living in Germany very long.

g) Why are you sweating? Have you been running?

FUTURE

1. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES

2. FUTURE PROGRESSIVE TENSE

a) At this time next week I will be sitting in the plane on the way to New York.

b) Don't call me after 10 o'clock. I'll be sleeping.

d) I won't be working on my car this weekend. My mother-in-law will be here.

3. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

a) I hope my mother will have finished cooking dinner by the time I get home.

b) You can come at 6 o'clock. I will have done my homework by then.

c) There's no point calling her at home. She will have left for work already.

d) On June 25 2020 they will have been married for 60 years.

4. FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE

a) By the time I retire I will have been working here for 45 years!

b) If she reaches her 60th birthday, she will have been smoking for half a century!