some commonly used and important verbs in German are:
sein (to be)
haben (to have)
werden (to become)
können (to be able to/can)
müssen (to have to/must)
dürfen (to be allowed to/may)
wollen (to want to)
sagen (to say/tell)
machen (to make/do)
gehen (to go)
kommen (to come)
geben (to give)
nehmen (to take)
sehen (to see)
wissen (to know)
here are some commonly used adjectives in German along with their opposites:
groß (big) - klein (small)
jung (young) - alt (old)
schön (beautiful) - hässlich (ugly)
gut (good) - schlecht (bad)
schnell (fast) - langsam (slow)
teuer (expensive) - billig (cheap)
sauber (clean) - schmutzig (dirty)
stark (strong) - schwach (weak)
hell (bright) - dunkel (dark)
neu (new) - alt (old)
schwer (heavy) - leicht (light)
lecker (delicious) - eklig (disgusting)
frisch (fresh) - alt (stale)
hart (hard) - weich (soft)
lang (long) - kurz (short)
warm (warm) - kalt (cold)
ruhig (quiet) - laut (loud)
voll (full) - leer (empty)
offen (open) - geschlossen (closed)
richtig (correct) - falsch (wrong)
wichtig (important) - unwichtig (unimportant)
möglich (possible) - unmöglich (impossible)
einfach (easy) - schwer (difficult)
bequem (comfortable) - unbequem (uncomfortable)
schön (nice) - hässlich (unpleasant)
glücklich (happy) - traurig (sad)
freundlich (friendly) - unfreundlich (unfriendly)
gesund (healthy) - krank (sick)
sicher (safe) - unsicher (unsafe)
altmodisch (old-fashioned) - modern (modern)
bekannt (known) - unbekannt (unknown)
dünn (thin) - dick (fat)
durstig (thirsty) - hungrig (hungry)
hell (light) - dunkel (dark)
offen (open) - geschlossen (closed)
zufrieden (satisfied) - unzufrieden (unsatisfied)
schwer (difficult) - leicht (easy)
müde (tired) - wach (awake)
nass (wet) - trocken (dry)
klug (smart) - dumm (stupid)
süß (sweet) - sauer (sour)
träge (lazy) - fleißig (hard-working)
wild (wild) - zahm (tame)
fröhlich (cheerful) - traurig (sad)
großzügig (generous) - geizig (stingy)
spät (late) - früh (early)
stolz (proud) - schüchtern (shy)
gestresst (stressed) - entspannt (relaxed)
nervös (nervous) - ruhig (calm)
ungeduldig (impatient) - geduldig (patient)