Cambridge International AS & A Level
GEOGRAPHY 9696/42
Paper 4 Advanced Human Geography Options October/November 2021
1 hour 30 minutes
You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.
* 3 7 8 1 7 8 8 1 0 6 *
You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)
Insert (enclosed)
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer four questions in total:
Answer questions from two options.
For each option, follow the instructions inside on which questions to answer.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.
● Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.
● You should make reference to appropriate examples studied in the field or the classroom, even where
such examples are not specifically requested by the question.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The insert contains all the resources referred to in the questions.
LICs = low income countries.
MICs = middle income countries.
HICs = high income countries.
This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
DC (MS) 199546/2
© UCLES 2021 [Turn over
2
Answer questions from two different options.
Production, location and change
If answering this option, answer Question 1 and either Question 2 or Question 3.
1 Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2 show simplified maps of two locations.
(a) Contrast the locations of the industrial sites in Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2. [4]
(b) Explain how markets affect the location of manufacturing industry. [6]
2 ‘Difficulties in food production are overcome by effective management of agricultural change at
the local scale.’
With reference to one or more examples, to what extent do you agree with this statement? [20]
3 To what extent has industrial policy caused changes in the character and organisation of
manufacturing in one country you have studied? [20]
Environmental management
If answering this option, answer Question 4 and either Question 5 or Question 6.
4 Table 4.1 shows use of water by sector, for the world, in 2020 and projected for 2030 and 2050.
(a) Compare the projected changes in the use of water shown in Table 4.1. [4]
(b) Using examples, explain how countries can increase their water supply. [6]
5 To what extent is climate the main factor influencing trends in demand for renewable energy? [20]
6 ‘Overcoming issues created by the attempts to improve a degraded environment is important for
successful management.’
With reference to one or more examples, how far do you agree? [20]
© UCLES 2021 9696/42/O/N/21
3
Global interdependence
If answering this option, answer Question 7 and either Question 8 or Question 9.
7 Fig. 7.1 is a photograph which shows part of a port on the River Tagus in Portugal, an HIC in
Europe.
(a) Using evidence from Fig. 7.1, suggest how the location encourages trade flows. [4]
(b) Explain why some places have locational advantage for global trade. [6]
8 To what extent does international aid improve the lives of people in receiving countries? [20]
9 Evaluate the impacts of tourism on the local economy of one or more tourist destinations. [20]
Economic transition
If answering this option, answer Question 10 and either Question 11 or Question 12.
10 Fig. 10.1 shows estimated female employment by sector, for the world, 1991–2018.
(a) Describe the trends in female employment shown in Fig. 10.1. [4]
(b) Suggest reasons for the trends in female employment you described in (a). [6]
11 Evaluate the importance of different factors in the emergence and growth of newly industrialised
countries (NICs). [20]
12 ‘Attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) is important in attempts to overcome regional disparities
in countries.’
With reference to one or more examples, how far do you agree? [20]
© UCLES 2021 9696/42/O/N/21
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BLANK PAGE
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official endorsement or acceptance by Cambridge Assessment International Education concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area or any of its
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publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2021 9696/42/O/N/21
