AP PHYSICS 1 Scoring Guide

2022-2023- Unit 2 - Dynamics - FRQ - B

1. This question is a long free-response question. Show your work for each part of the question.

(12 points, suggested time 25 minutes)

A crane and box are both initially at rest. At time , the crane begins to drive forward at a constant speed of
, while also lifting the box with an upward acceleration of . The box does not swing while being lifted
by the crane.

(a) On the dot below, which represents the box, draw and label the forces (not components) that are exerted on the
box during the scenario described above. Represent each force by a distinct arrow starting on, and pointing away
from, the dot.

Note: Draw the relative lengths of all vectors to reflect the relative magnitudes of all the forces.

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(b) On the grid below, sketch the shape of the path taken by the box as it is lifted by the crane as viewed by a
stationary observer.

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Justify the shape of the path you drew above.

(c) Assume that, at , the horizontal position of the box is and it has a vertical position of .
Derive an equation that describes the vertical position of the box as a function of the horizontal position of the
box.

(d) Does your equation from part (c) agree with your sketch in part (b)? Justify your response.

At time , the crane begins to accelerate forward, reaching a new constant velocity at time . The box
accelerates upward during the entire time interval .

(e) The dot below represents the box during the time interval . On the dot, draw an arrow indicating
the direction of the net force exerted on the block during this interval. The arrow should start on, and point away
from, the dot.

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 Scoring Guide

2022-2023- Unit 2 - Dynamics - FRQ - B

Part A

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

Scoring notes:

· or are not acceptable labels for the force of gravity

· A maximum of two points can be earned if there are any extraneous forces.

0 1 2 3

The response accurately includes one of the following criteria:

For an arrow directed upwards labeled Tension (or )

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Example Response:

Part B

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

0 1 2 3

The response accurately includes all of the following criteria:

For a sketch showing a non-linear path

Example Response:

Since the box is moving at a constant speed in the horizontal direction and accelerating in the vertical direction, the path
that the box takes should look like a concave up parabola

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Part C

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

0 1 2 3

The response accurately includes all of the following criteria:

For a kinematic equation correctly relating the horizontal position of the box to the horizontal component
of the speed of the box and the time

For a kinematic equation correctly relating the vertical position of the box as a function of the vertical
acceleration of the box and the time

For correctly combining the vertical and horizontal motions of the box into a single equation.

Example Response:

Part D

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

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0 1 2

The response accurately includes both of the following criteria.

For an attempt to use functional dependence to describe how the equation and the sketch in part B relate
For correctly stating that the vertical position is proportional to the horizontal position squared and so the
shape of the path traveled by the box should be a parabola.

Example Response:

Yes. My equation in part (c) describes a parabola with a minimum at the origin, which matches my sketch in part (b).

Part E

Select a point value to view scoring criteria, solutions, and/or examples and to score the response.

0 1

The response accurately includes the following criteria:

One point for an arrow labeled or net force, pointing upwards and to the right.

Example Response:

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2. A student wants to determine the coefficient of static friction between a long, flat wood board and a small wood
block.

a. Describe an experiment for determining the coefficient of static friction between the wood board and the
wood block. Assume equipment usually found in a school physics laboratory is available.

i. Draw a diagram of the experimental setup of the board and block. In your diagram, indicate
each quantity that would be measured and draw or state what equipment would be used to
measure each quantity.

ii. Describe the overall procedure to be used, including any steps necessary to reduce experimental
uncertainty. Give enough detail so that another student could replicate the experiment.

b. Derive an equation for the coefficient of static friction in terms of quantities measured in the procedure
from part (a).

A physics class consisting of six lab groups wants to test the hypothesis that the coefficient of static
friction between the board and the block equals the coefficient of kinetic friction between the board and
the block. Each group determines the coefficients of kinetic and static friction between the board and the
block. The groups’ results are shown below, with the class averages indicated in the bottom row.

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c. Based on these data, what conclusion should the students make about the hypothesis that the coefficients
of static and kinetic friction are equal?

_____ The static and kinetic coefficients are equal.

_____ The static and kinetic coefficients are not equal.

Briefly justify your reasoning.

d. A metal disk is glued to the top of the wood block. The mass of the block-disk system is twice the mass
of the original block. Does the coefficient of static friction between the bottom of the block and the board
increase, decrease, or remain the same when the disk is added to the block?

_____ Increase _____Decrease _____Remain he same

Briefly state your reasoning

Part A

Part(i)

1 point is earned: For drawing a diagram of an experimental setup to measure the coefficient of friction that is feasible in
a school physics lab

1 point is earned: For indicating the measurements necessary for calculating the coefficient of friction

1 point is earned: For indicating equipment necessary for measuring the quantities required to calculate the coefficient of
friction

Part(ii)

1 point is earned: For a description that is consistent with the diagram in part (a)(i), in enough detail that another student
could replicate the experiment

1 point is earned: For a description that is a conceptually valid method to find quantities that would allow a calculation of
a friction coefficient

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1 point is earned: For including a valid method for reducing experimental error

Example:

With the block at rest on the board, slowly lift one end of board until the block just begins to slide. Measure the
angle between board and table and repeat several times with block at different locations on the board (with
multiple trials at each location).

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Student response earns 6 of the following 6 point(s)

Part(i)

1 point is earned: For drawing a diagram of an experimental setup to measure the coefficient of friction that is feasible in
a school physics lab

1 point is earned: For indicating the measurements necessary for calculating the coefficient of friction

1 point is earned: For indicating equipment necessary for measuring the quantities required to calculate the coefficient of
friction

Part(ii)

1 point is earned: For a description that is consistent with the diagram in part (a)(i), in enough detail that another student
could replicate the experiment

1 point is earned: For a description that is a conceptually valid method to find quantities that would allow a calculation of
a friction coefficient

1 point is earned: For including a valid method for reducing experimental error

Example:

With the block at rest on the board, slowly lift one end of board until the block just begins to slide. Measure the
angle between board and table and repeat several times with block at different locations on the board (with

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multiple trials at each location).

Part B

Note: In order to earn full credit for part (b), all terms (variables) must be indicated in the diagram and/or procedure of
part (a).

1 point is earned: For using Newton’s second law (or reasoning in terms of zero net force) in one dimension, parallel to
the board’s surface, either explicitly or implicitly

1 point is earned: For using Newton’s second law (or reasoning in terms of zero net force) in one dimension,
perpendicular to the board’s surface, either explicitly or implicitly

Note: Replacing the normal force with mg is “implicit” use of Newton’s second law in the perpendicular direction for a
horizontal surface. For a tilted surface, the appropriate trigonometric term should be included.

1 point is earned: For a correct derived expression of the coefficient of static friction in terms of quantities indicated in
part (a)

0 1 2 3

Student response earns 3 of the following 3 point(s)

Note: In order to earn full credit for part (b), all terms (variables) must be indicated in the diagram and/or procedure of
part (a).

1 point is earned: For using Newton’s second law (or reasoning in terms of zero net force) in one dimension, parallel to
the board’s surface, either explicitly or implicitly

1 point is earned: For using Newton’s second law (or reasoning in terms of zero net force) in one dimension,
perpendicular to the board’s surface, either explicitly or implicitly

Note: Replacing the normal force with mg is “implicit” use of Newton’s second law in the perpendicular direction for a
horizontal surface. For a tilted surface, the appropriate trigonometric term should be included.

1 point is earned: For a correct derived expression of the coefficient of static friction in terms of quantities indicated in
part (a)

Part D

1 point is earned: For a valid argument that indicates the coefficient of static friction is a property of the two surfaces,
and is consistent with the selected answer

Example 1: Selects “Remain the same” Referring to the equation in part (b), coefficient does not depend on
mass.

Example 2: Selects “Remain the same” The coefficient depends on the nature of the surfaces involved, not the
masses or normal force of the objects involved.

Example 3: Selects “Decrease” The increased normal force will cause smoothing of the surfaces, decreasing the

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coefficient of friction.

Example 4: Selects “Increase” The increased normal force will cause the surfaces to become gouged, increasing
the coefficient of friction.

0 1

Student response earns 1 of the following 1 point(s)

1 point is earned: For a valid argument that indicates the coefficient of static friction is a property of the two surfaces,
and is consistent with the selected answer

Example 1: Selects “Remain the same” Referring to the equation in part (b), coefficient does not depend on
mass.

Example 2: Selects “Remain the same” The coefficient depends on the nature of the surfaces involved, not the
masses or normal force of the objects involved.

Example 3: Selects “Decrease” The increased normal force will cause smoothing of the surfaces, decreasing the
coefficient of friction.

Example 4: Selects “Increase” The increased normal force will cause the surfaces to become gouged, increasing
the coefficient of friction.

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