BS in Aircraft Maintenance Technology 2 A.Y.

2022-2023

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT OF HANDHELD DRILL THROUGH AN

ATTACHMENT FITTING TO ACHIEVE ACCURACY AND STABILITY

A Research Study

Presented to

the Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology Department

of PATTS College of Aeronautics

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Course

AMTE 416

By

Jyul Briane P. Chichirita

Jhon Mher A. De Dios
Raymond Louis D. Felix
Christian Earl F. Macapaz
John Cedrick T. Mendez
James Jel C. Olaguer
Phil Colline C. Quintanar
Ernest Real S. Rea
Lanz Nicole A. Santos
BS in Aircraft Maintenance Technology 2 A.Y. 2022-2023

APPROVAL SHEET

This study entitled DESIGN DEVELOPMENT OF HANDHELD DRILL

THROUGH AN ATTACHMENT FITTING TO ACHIEVE ACCURACY AND
STABILITY presented and submitted by Jyul Briane Chichirita, Jhon Mher De
dios, Raymond Louis Felix, Christian Earl Macapaz, John Cedrick Mendez,
James Jel Olaguer, Phil Colline Quintanar, Ernest Real Rea, Lanz Nicole Santos
are hereby accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the program BS
Aircraft Maintenance Technology in the Aircraft Maintenance Technology
department of PATTS College of Aeronautics was approved by the Committee:

MR. JOSELITO N. BIERA, MEAM

BS AMT Department Vice Chairperson
(Committee Member)

MR. AUSTIN CHRISTIAN D. ILEJAY, MEAM

BS AMT Instructor
(Committee Member)

MR. MARK M. MAGANGO, MEAM

ATC Chairperson
(Committee Member)

Engr. Jabes A. Isoli

Adviser

Brian Ben C. Coronel, MA

Course Chairperson/Department Head

December 2022
BS in Aircraft Maintenance Technology 2 A.Y. 2022-2023

DEDICATION

The All-Mighty God, who has blessed us with strength, guidance, mental
prowess, protection, and wisdom, is the focus of this research, which is dedicated
to him. To our cherished parents, who have been our source of motivation and
given us strength when we pondered giving up, and who continue to offer us
support on multiple levels, including moral, spiritual, emotional, and financial.

To our siblings and sisters, other relatives, our advisor, and our friends
who, via their words, inspired us to finish this study: thank you. In closing, I
would like to express my gratitude to PATTS COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS, the
institution's administrator, and my fellow students.

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BS in Aircraft Maintenance Technology 2 A.Y. 2022-2023

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This study would not have been possible without the advice and
assistance of numerous people who contributed and extended their valuable
assistance in a variety of ways to ensure the success of this study. The researchers
would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to the following individuals:

To PATTS College of Aeronautics, its Administration, Chairpersons,

Faculty members and Students for the support and participation

To our course chairperson/department head/thesis adviser Engr. Jabes A.

Isoli, for spending the time and effort to double-check this study. For sharing his
expertise and knowledge, as well as for making valuable suggestions and helpful
comments to enrich our research study. He generously gave us his time to
provide us with valuable feedback to help us improve our thesis.

To our professors for sharing their insights, knowledge , feedback, and

recommendation for the betterment of our research study.

We would also like to thank our family and friends for their unwavering
support, guidance, encouragement, and insights. For their helpful suggestions,
encouragement, motivation, and advice in improving and finishing this research
study.

And lastly we would like to thank our Heavenly Father for his
unwavering support and strength he gave us both physically and mentally, for
his guidance and love as we finish our research study.

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ABSTRACT OF THE STUDY

The use of a handheld electric drill has become ingrained in the user's

routine. On the other hand, aircraft mechanic students at PATTS College of

Aeronautics often encounter difficulty handling sheet metals with handheld

drills due to problems with stability and accuracy. The present study aims to

design and develop a handheld drill through an attachment fitting to achieve the

two aspects mentioned. There were four stages conducted in the study, namely,

the preparation stage, the development stage, the validation stage, and the

evaluation stage. A qualitative research design was utilized, in which two

different sets of survey questionnaires were distributed to ten purposively

chosen participants, following the design thinking framework. Results revealed

that the users had negative experiences with the current handheld electric drill

and recommended further improvement considering the accuracy and stability

of drilling holes. With this, the study’s purpose was to find the solution by

developing a drill with attachment fittings and testing it at varying angles and

material textures. As perceived by the participants during the testing, the

developed design has improved the drilling operations and quality of the output

compared to the drill with no fitting. For further improvement and the scope of

the study, it is recommended to test the attachment fitting to other types of drill,

such as pneumatic drills, using a quantitative research design.

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1. List of Tools, Equipment, and Machines…………………….…...…. 47

TABLE 2. Bill of Materials……………………………………………...……… 48

TABLE 3. Accuracy performance comparison…………………………...…..…. 85

TABLE 4. Stability performance comparison………………………………...… 87

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE 1. Design thinking framework………………..………………………. 8

FIGURE 2. Top View of the Pre-Designed Prototype…………….…….....…… 33

FIGURE 3. Front View of the Pre-Designed Prototype…………………..…… 33

FIGURE 4. Side View of the Pre-Designed Prototype……………….……..…. 34

FIGURE 5. Isometric View of the Pre-Designed Prototype…………………… 34

FIGURE 6a. Top View of the Final Design Prototype with Dimensions…..….. 36

FIGURE 6b. Top View of the Final Design Prototype…………….…..……….. 36

FIGURE 7a. Front View of the Final Design Prototype with Dimensions...….. 37

FIGURE 7b. Front View of the Final Design Prototype……………...……….. 37

FIGURE 8a. Side View of Final Design Prototype with Dimension………….. 38

FIGURE 8b. Side View of Final Design Prototype…………………….…….... 38

FIGURE 9a. Isometric View Sketch of the Final Design Prototype………...…. 39

FIGURE 9b. Isometric View of the Final Design Prototype…………..….…… 39

FIGURE 10. Colored Isometric View of the Different Parts of Final Design
Prototype………………………………………………………………………... 40

FIGURE 11. Isometric View of the Disassembled Parts of Final Design

Prototype……………………………………………………………………...… 42

FIGURE 12. Assemble of Attachment Fittings…………………………...…… 43

FIGURE 13. Attaching the Developed Attachment Fittings in Handheld

Drill…………………………………………………………………….………. 43

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FIGURE 14. Testing of the Prototype by one of the

Researchers………………………………………………………………..…….. 44

FIGURE 15. Gantt Chart………..………………..…….……………………... 49

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

DEDICATION……………………………………………………………….………...… i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………...…………..… ii

ABSTRACT OF THE STUDY ……..…………………………………..……...…….… iii

LIST OF TABLES……………………...…………………………………..…..……...… iv

LIST OF FIGURES………………..…………………………………………………….. v

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND………………………..……………….

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………….....…… 1

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY…………………………………...…...…… 3

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM…………………………………….....…… 6

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK……………………………………...…...…… 6

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY……………………………………..……… 8

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY………………………...…..… 10

DEFINITION OF TERMS……………………………………………..……… 10

LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………..………………..

FOREIGN LITERATURE AND LOCAL LITERATURE……………......…… 13

METHODOLOGY……………………………….………………………………………

RESEARCH DESIGN…….…………………………………………………… 31

PREPARATION STAGE………………………………………………………. 32

DEVELOPMENT STAGE………………………………………………...…… 35

CONSTRUCTION STAGE……………………………………………………. 40
BS in Aircraft Maintenance Technology 2 A.Y. 2022-2023

VALIDATION STAGE………………………………………………….......….. 44

EVALUATION STAGE………………………………………..……….....……. 45

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT………………………………………......……… 47

MATERIALS……………………………………………………….……...…… 48

TIME ALLOTMENT……………………………………………………...…… 49

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION ……………….…..…… 50

SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE INTERVIEW

(QUALITATIVE.)................................................................................................ 50

SURVEY INSTRUMENT/INTERVIEW QUESTION…………………......… 51

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA OR THEMATIC ANALYSIS…...... 53

PRESENTATION OF ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA………...

KII 1 (EMPATHIZE)………………………………………...…….…………… 54

KII 2 (TESTING)………………………………………………………......…… 69

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS, AND CONCLUSIONS..

SUMMARY…………………….………………………………..……...……… 89

CONCLUSION………………………………………………...………….…… 94

RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………….……...…………. 95

REFERENCES…………………………..…………………………………..………… 97

APPENDICES………………………………………………………………….……. 100

BIONOTE……………………………………………………………….…………… 172
BS in Aircraft Maintenance Technology 2 A.Y. 2022-2023

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Electric drill is a motorized tool with a variety of attachments called drill

bits. This tool enables its user to drill holes of different sizes at their desired

speeds. Aircraft mechanic students at PATTS College of Aeronautics often

encounter difficulty handling sheet metals with handheld drills due to problems

with stability and accuracy. Although a center punch tool is used to make an

object indentation, it is not enough to promote the accuracy and effectiveness of

the tool during operation.

Because of its adaptability and the multitude of attachments that can be

attached to it, an electric drill is a very useful instrument that can be used for a

wide range of purposes. As a result of its spinning tip, it can execute the task of

drilling holes when it is fitted with a drill bit. The drill is known to have a

number of drawbacks, the most common of which are its high risk of injury

while in use, its predisposition to accidents as a result of the fast speed at which

it operates, and the enormous stress that it places on the user. Another problem is

that there is little to no control over the drilling process, unless it is carried out by

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very skilled specialists (Srinivasan et al., 2021).

This study aims to develop auxiliary attachment fittings for handheld

drills that promote stability and accuracy while reducing the possible risks and

hazards that a handheld drill brings, which can then be utilized at PATTS College

of Aeronautics.

The main objective of the study is to create a handheld drill tool with

attachment fitting and test its effectiveness. Specifically, the objectives of this

study include:

● To determine the perspectives and needs of the users regarding

the use of the standard local handheld drills.

● To compare the accuracy of the developed handheld drills with

attachment fitting to the standard electric drill at varying angles.

● To compare the stability of the developed handheld drills with

attachment fitting to the standard electric drill at varying material

textures.

● To provide recommendations for further improvement of the

handheld drill with attachment fitting based on the experience of

the user in the prototype testing stage.

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Background of the Study

In the course of human history, boring holes have always demanded a

significant investment of both time and labor. The awl is considered to be the first

tool ever used by humans for drilling. The awl was little more than a sharp stone

that had been affixed to a stick. It was used by pressing it against the object being

worked on and turning it by hand. Sand and other types of abrasive materials

were frequently employed in conjunction with the awl in order to increase its

efficiency when drilling. The aviation industry is one that is marked by

consistent shifts in status quo. The rapid growth of the aviation industry during

the past few years can be illustrated by a number of factors, including the

continued liberalization of markets, the advancement of technology, and the

emergence of new business models. These are just a few instances. The first one

is an improvement made to the body of an electric drill by employing design for

additive manufacturing (Srinivasan et al., 2021).

PATTS College of Aeronautics laboratory shops provide handheld drills

for both powerplant and airframe. Students in Aircraft Maintenance Technician

courses who have laboratory shops use handheld drills as a primary tool in

making holes. A handheld drill is considered to be one of the most frequently

used tools in the aviation maintenance industry. It is commonly used in

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woodworking, and sheet metal fabrication. However, one of the most notable

concerns associated with the usage of handheld drills is the drilling process. The

vibrations created during the drilling process of a handheld drill cause instability

for the user, resulting in low-quality output. This adds to the workload load of

the aircraft technician, which in turn will cause fatigue and eventually affect the

performance of the personnel. As one of the prestigious aviation schools in the

Philippines whose vision is to become the center of excellence in aviation

education, it is appropriate that students, specifically in aircraft maintenance

technician courses, create quality output in every task. To achieve high-quality

standards, the researchers came up with a study of developing auxiliary

attachment fittings that can resolve the main underlying problem of instability

resulting in inaccuracy.

Cause and Effect of the Main Problem

Instability while using a handheld drill is one of the many problems

experienced by most first-year students of PATTS College of Aeronautics. This

causes unwanted deviations and accidental slippage of the drill bit on the

surface, creating scratches and nicks out of the object being worked on. This can

lead to poor quality of work, thus only prolonging and adding to the amount of

work that an aircraft mechanic should execute. Scratches and nicks are among

the problems that should be prevented during maintenance of the aircraft. These

are among the origins of corrosion and deterioration of the material.

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Another concern is the safety risk that is present during drilling

operations. The average rotational speed of the drilling process of modern

handheld drills could easily exceed 10,000 RPM depending on the type of the

drill being used. The work is physically demanding with high levels of exposure

to hand vibration, noise and respirable silica dust. Therefore, such jobs may

cause acute injuries, and musculoskeletal disorders such as hand arm

vibration-syndrome, hearing loss, and silicosis or lung cancer (David Rempel,

2019). One wrong move can cause immense injury to the user. With the designed

auxiliary attachment fittings, users will most likely mitigate or minimize the

safety hazards. Through attachment fittings, a well and stable drilling operations

can be achieved. An aircraft maintenance technician’s safety is the number one

priority. Hence, attaining accuracy and stability during the drilling process

through the attachment fittings helps lessen the workload of an aircraft

maintenance technician. The newly-developed attachment fittings aim to help

achieve the accuracy and stability of the hand held drill used in laboratory shops

at PATTS College of Aeronautics. It will also ensure that every time the students

use the “Hand held drill” tool, they no longer over think of what will be the

outcome. The importance of this study is not only to help students, and

professors create quality output but also to help the aircraft maintenance

technician industry flourish technically and safely.

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Statement of the Problem

The study aims to design and develop a handheld drill attachment fitting

for aircraft maintenance use. Specifically, it sought to answer the following

questions:

1. What are the perspectives of the users on the shortcomings of the current

standard handheld electric drill?

2. How accurate is the handheld drill attachment fitting compared with the

standard electric drill at varying angles as perceived by the user?

3. How stable is the handheld drill attachment fitting compared with the

standard electric drill at varying material textures as perceived by the user?

4. What recommendations can be provided for further improvement of the

handheld drill with attachment fitting based on the experience of the

participants?

Conceptual Framework

According to the Qualitative Research Consultants Association, Design

Thinking (DT) is a problem-solving methodology that focuses on solutions.

Complex problems that are ill-defined or unknown can be addressed with great

success. This is achieved by comprehending the human requirements involved,

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re-framing the problem in a human-centered manner, generating many ideas in

brainstorming sessions, and taking a hands-on approach to prototyping and

testing.

The conceptual framework of a design thinking technique is depicted in

Figure 1. The several phases depicted in the diagram give a comprehensive plan

of action and methodology for the entire research process.

Empathize - During this phase, the researchers intend to discover the

problems and difficulties that PATTS College of Aeronautics students

experience while using handheld drills on sheet metals and woods.

Define - In this phase, the researchers employed the acquired

knowledge and data to discover potential solutions to the underlying

problem regarding the stability and precision of hand held drills.

Ideate - In order to conceive and construct a viable solution to the

problem, the researchers in this phase applied a design planning strategy

and computer-aided design software to assist in the creation of a

prototype, which was then subjected to testing.

Prototype -In this phase, the researchers utilized 3D printing method or

additive manufacturing to construct a tangible, functional prototype.

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Test - In this phase, researchers examined the prototype's effectiveness

and usefulness on a subset of study participants. Then, feedback and

commentary will be collected as information for the prototype's ongoing

development.

Figure 1. Design thinking framework

Significance of the Study

This study will greatly benefit PATTS College of Aeronautics by means of

increasing usage effectiveness of handheld drill tools during drilling operations.

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For the Students - The direct recipient of the output of this research are the

students that are having difficulties using handheld drill. The attachment

fitting will help the students to achieve better control in using the drill.

For the Institution - this study will help the institution to mold students

specifically those into aircraft maintenance technician courses to produce

quality of work in the aviation industry.

For the Professors - this study will help to provide references to

professors/instructors which will help them in guiding their students to

produce a better and more efficient output for future studies as regards using

the handheld drill.

For the Nation Building - This study will help the nation improve the

aircraft maintenance industry by easing the drilling operations using the

new tool for hand held drills and by boosting the manufacturing of the

handheld drills with attachment fitting.

For the Future Researchers - This research will be a useful reference for the

researchers who will plan on making any related study underlying the

Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology.

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Scope and Limitation of the Study

This research will enhance the accuracy and stability of the current

handheld drill through attachment fittings at PATTS College of Aeronautics. The

development of the handheld drill will be limited to the hand drill's maximum

drill capacity and torque.

The study took place at the PATTS College of Aeronautics Airframe

Laboratory Shop. Ten individuals from the department of Aircraft Maintenance

Technology participated in the study. These include five professors and five

students from PATTS College of Aeronautics who are enrolled in Airframe shop

laboratory courses.

Only two types of planar surfaces were used for testing of the handheld

drills, namely wood and sheet metal.

Definition of Terms

Accuracy – The degree to which a measured value is accurate in relation to a

reference or true value.

Aircraft maintenance – Repair, maintenance, modification, calibration,

adjustment, preservation, and inspection of an aircraft's airframe, power plant,

propeller, and accessories are referred to as aircraft maintenance.

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Aluminum alloy - Aluminum alloys, often known as light alloys, improve the

qualities of pure aluminum by including substances like copper, silicon,

magnesium, and zinc.

Auxiliary attachment fittings - An additional tool to attach to the electric drill.

Aviation - the flying or operating of aircraft.

Awl - A sharp tiny tool used for piercing holes in leather.

CAD - A computer aided design used for creation, modification, analysis or

optimization of a design.

Deterioration - A state in which the object has a poor quality resulting in

breaking down of the material.

Deterioration of material - This is due to the reaction of the environment and the

material resulting in corrosion, decay and rusting.

Drilling process - Process of cutting holes in a solid material.

Electric drill - A device used for drilling holes into different materials.

Fatigue - A feeling of tiredness or weakness.

Hole - a hollow area within a surface or solid body.

Human Error - An action made by an individual that resulted in an unwanted

accident.

Instability - Deviation of drill bit, during drilling process.

Machine tool fabrication - A tool that is used to make manual hand work easier.

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Maximum drill capacity - The point where the maximum reach of a drill bit

could be achieved.

Maximum torque - This is the maximum rotational force that the drill bit could

exert. Musculoskeletal disorders - Injuries that affect the human body’s

movement.

Respirable silica dust - composed of small particles that become airborne

throughout the work environment.

Safety hazards - Unsafe conditions that will result in injuries, accidents or death.

Sheet metal - Made from carbon steel, not thinner than a 6mm used for building

structures.

Woodworking - A process in which items are made through the use of wood

materials.

Stability – the condition of having steadiness.

3D printing - Construction of a 3D object within a CAD program.

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CHAPTER 2

Literature Review

This chapter contains a review of related studies obtained from different

sources such as journals, books, articles, and existing thesis related to this study.

It starts with the definition and determinants. Its objective is to provide an

assessment and classification background to comprehend the problems better. It

also included the concepts and ideas that are relevant information to the present

study.

FOREIGN LITERATURE AND LOCAL LITERATURE

“Enhancement of an Electric Drill Body Using Design for Additive

Manufacturing”

A research study conducted by Srinivasan et al. (2021) used digital

manufacturing methods to create an innovative design alternative to a current

application. The study became a success because its functionality was enhanced

by redesigning the body of a common electric drill machine in accordance with

solutions aimed at mitigating a few deficiencies, most notably its safety aspects

and ease of use, without reducing its existing operating capacity or removing the

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ability of skilled operators to use it. In order to accomplish this, the researchers

disassembled the CAD (Computer-Aided Design) model of a conventional drill

and attached an auxiliary (precision) grip through generative design - a superior

designing experience powered by Artificial Intelligence - by utilizing Autodesk

Fusion 360 software.

Based on the result, it was suggested that a second (precision) grip should

be added to the body of a handheld drill to increase stability. This improves

operation stability and gives the operator more control over the drilling process

because they can now use both hands and a larger proportion of their upper

body strength to direct the drill. This increases safety even further by lowering

the possibility of an accident due to a jerky movement made by the operator's

single arm as a result of being unable to withstand the force of the device, as a

result of drilling for longer hours or under similar conditions, or any other

circumstances that could prevent them from having full control over the drilling

process.

The goal of this research is to redesign the body of a conventional

handheld electric drill in a similar way to how current researchers are creating

new attachment fittings in order to increase the tool's productivity and make it

easier for users to use. This will improve the tool's stability, which will increase

its accuracy.

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“A Review: Drilling Performance and Hole Quality of Aluminum Alloys for

Aerospace Applications”

According to Aamir et al. (2020), the drilling process in the aviation

industry is the most difficult of all machining operations since millions of holes

are necessary for generating riveted and bolted joints in the aircraft's structure

assembly operation. Poor hole quality, which can lead to cracks inside the

airframe structure and reduce its durability, is one of the main problems in

drilling these alloys. This causes part rejection during the assembly phase, which

directly affects the price of the product. The right choice of tool shape, material

characteristics and coatings, ideal cutting speed and feed rate, as well as drilling

equipment, are required to meet the demand for machined parts.

This relevant literature review enables the researchers to design

attachment fittings that address the shortcomings of the current handheld drill.

Additionally, drilling is the most difficult of all the machining techniques used in

the aerospace sector since it creates millions of holes necessary for the

construction of the aircraft's structural parts, which are riveted and bolted

(Aamir et al., 2020). It is vital to create new connection fittings manufactured

from the most suitable materials that can survive the stress of the handheld drill

because it is one of the most difficult machining operations.

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“A Compensation Method for Enhancing Aviation Drilling Robot Accuracy

Based On Co-Kriging”

Chen et al. (2018) posit that an aviation drilling robot's positioning

inaccuracy can significantly impact aircraft durability and safety during

assembly. This research proposes a co-kriging-based error compensation strategy

to enhance the positional accuracy of an aviation drilling robot. First, a

kinematics-based error similarity for the drilling robot is proposed. Next, a

precise laser tracker is used to determine the relative displacement of a number

of spots in the working area. The positional error cross-variogram is fitted using

the measured data. It is possible to estimate the verification points' projected

positional errors using co-kriging once the cross-variogram has been produced.

The robot drills at the supplied locations once compensation has been applied.

The error compensation approach is put into practice on an aviation

drilling robot for real-world compensation in order to confirm its accuracy and

effectiveness. According to the testing results, the biggest absolute positional

error is reduced from 1.3073 mm to 0.2664 mm, and the average positional error

is dropped from 0.7168 mm to 0.1150 mm. The results of the tests also

demonstrate that the suggested approach may improve the aviation robot's

absolute location accuracy and may be able to meet the requirements of aircraft

assembly (Chen et al., 2018).

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“The analysis of hand drill security psychology design”

In daily life, people frequently utilize hand drills. But there are a lot of

irrational variables, particularly in the area of security. Users will suffer injury

from a hand drill that is poorly built. There are many different types of hand

drills available, but many of them are poorly made. Users of hand drills may

rapidly become fatigued because there is only one handle to support them and

the drill vibrates when in use. Additionally, the drill is difficult to detect and

creates noise pollution. Its cold, mechanical shape also gives users the creeps.

Additionally, certain details can be problematic. This study examines the security

psychology of the hand drill from the standpoint of design psychology. In order

to explain the security design of a new hand drill, its design and usage security

were examined. Through the psychological analysis of hand drill safety,

ergonomics theory is combined to explore the aesthetic safety, agreeableness, and

other aspects of hand drill design. The purpose of analyzing a new hand drill is

to assist the designer in creating a more reasonable hand drill, offer consumers a

truly safe hand drill, and increase consumer convenience (Suiqi et al., 2011).

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“Experimental analysis of user forces by test bench and manual hammer drill

experiments with regard to vibrations and productivity”

The forces exerted by the user have a significant impact on the load and

drilling operation of hammer drills. In order to provide reproducible testing on

test benches, these variables must be understood throughout product

development. Additionally, producers put a lot of effort into creating hammer

drills that increase application force efficiency and productivity. The purpose of

this study is to ascertain how the user's forces on a hammer drill when drilling in

concrete affect those forces. A hand-arm model-equipped automated test bench

was used to compare the hand-arm applied forces and vibrations produced by

three users drilling in three different directions at three different force levels. It

may be demonstrated that the hand-arm model used in commercial products is

unable to replicate the participants' vibrational characteristics. The trial also

revealed that the subjects exerted lateral forces, which do not happen sufficiently

on the test bench. The rate of penetration is affected by the feed force, and there

is a force-efficient operating point that is different from the maximum rate of

penetration. The findings suggest that additional research is required to examine

user influences on a larger scale (Uhl et al., 2019).

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“Multiparameter Auto Drilling Capabilities Provide Drilling/Economic

Benefits”

Autodrillers, also known as automatic drillers, have been in use since the

early 1970s, although it took them until recently to outperform a skilled driller on

conventional rigs. Modern autodriller development has been aided by the

advancement of more complex mechanical braking and electronic control

systems, resulting in systems with significant capabilities. Modern digital control

has recently been adopted thanks to advancements in signal processing and

electronic control, and early-generation braking systems which have made

sophisticated control possible for conventional drilling rigs. In order to maximize

overall drilling performance, computerized auto drillers can continuously and

concurrently monitor up to four drilling parameters. For smooth and precise

braking control, it is crucial to select hardware and software that are both

adequate and compatible. On land drilling rigs all across the US, such a system

was created and implemented with great success. In-depth analysis of automated

drilling technology's historical evolution, operational capabilities, and

field-proven financial advantages are provided (Bybee, 2009).

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“Physical ergonomics analysis for power hand drill”

Power hand drill is an example of a hand tool. Power hand drill design

can incorporate all design considerations for human factors for hand tools. The

use of poorly designed hand tools can lead to serious health and safety issues,

which are directly related to physical ergonomics. This essay outlines design

guidelines for hand tools and examines physical ergonomics in detail from four

perspectives: anthropometry, biomechanics, functional anatomy, and physiology.

The main objectives are to make hand tools safer to use, to design hand tools to

enhance user performance, and to optimize the relationship between users and

the hand tools. Physical ergonomics is divided into four main categories. They

are functional anatomy, anthropometry, biomechanics, and physiology. Physical

ergonomics specify the weight, material, size, shape, and weight of hand tool

products. The performance of the user, failure rates, and potential risks could all

be reduced by a hand tool product developed using physical ergonomics study.

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“Design Specifications for a New Equipment to be used by Workers in Aircraft

Industry Maintenance”

Based on the analysis of hand drill security psychology conducted by

Neto et al. (2018), the majority of aviation accidents are brought on by human

error, whereas the high number of industry interventions is brought on by

preventative maintenance. In this context, the primary goals of this study were to

identify and comprehend the existence of problems for workers engaged in

maintenance activities under the entire belly of the aircraft, as well as to define a

concept for the development of equipment that can solve the encountered

problems and meet the requirements of the industrial organization for

performing tasks below the aircraft. In addition, the primary objective of this

study was to determine a concept for the development of equipment that can

meet the requirements of the industrial organization for performing tasks below

the aircraft.

The researcher developed auxiliary attachment fittings for hand held

electric drills that can help to reduce the workload utilization of hand held

electric drills, thereby achieving accuracy and stability of the tool. This was done

in an effort to eliminate human factors, particularly fatigue, which is one of the

many factors that contribute to accidents and incidents in the maintenance sector

of the aviation industry.

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“Analysis of the Performance of Drilling Operations for Improving

Productivity”

The machining process of drilling is essential to many different businesses,

according to research by Tolouei-Rad and Aamir (2021), the productivity, quality,

and precision of drilled holes are crucial to the success of companies like the

automotive and aerospace sectors, which create millions of holes every year.

Therefore, it is critical to pick the appropriate machine tools and equipment,

cutting tools, and parameters to achieve the necessary dimensional accuracy and

surface roughness. This, in turn, helps businesses succeed and extends the useful

life of their products.

The study introduces the drilling technique used in manufacturing,

improving the effectiveness and efficiency of operations involving the drilling of

metallic materials. It explains the advantages of using multi-spindle heads to

boost output and drill hole quality. The holes made by a multi-spindle head on

the aluminum alloys Al2024, Al6061, and Al5083 are examined in comparison to

traditional single shot drilling. The impact of using uncoated carbide and high

speed steel tools for producing high-quality holes on the creation of built-up

edges and burrs have also been studied and debated.

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“3D Printing: Challenges and Opportunities of an Emerging Disruptive

Technology”

Co and Culaba (2019) view that 3D printing is on the verge of becoming

popular in the Philippines. Ultimaker, one of the main makers of 3D printers,

defines 3D printing as "a revolutionary technology that allows users to produce a

physical object from a digital model." The word is also associated with Additive

Manufacturing (AM) since, unlike traditional manufacturing (subtractive

manufacturing), 3D printing does not include the removal of material but rather

the addition of material layer by layer to create the structure.

In addition, the adoption of 3D printing is being driven by the numerous

benefits it offers over traditional methods of production. The most significant

benefit of 3D printing is the increased flexibility of design. There are minimal

limitations placed on the design of 3D-printed components as a result of the

layer-by-layer fabrication process that is used to create objects using 3D printing.

Since this is the case, draft angles, undercuts, and tool access are not required.

This is also connected to mass customization because individual components can

be created to meet the requirements of a particular user in this way. The models

or prototypes may be printed in a matter of hours, but casting a prototype in

traditional production might take days or even weeks to complete, depending on

how complex the design is. The models or prototypes can be produced in a

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matter of hours. In addition, the digital files can be modified and the model can

be reprinted if the outcome of the model does not match the expectations that

were set for it (Co and Culaba, 2019).

The above-mentioned related literature is all about 3D printing. It gives

researchers the easiest way to create new products, such as attachment fittings,

with rapid prototyping, appropriate strong and lightweight materials, flexibility,

ease of access, and a low cost.

“Generative Design for Assembly Wrapping Up”

Pomazan and Sintea (2020) claim that because design automation software

expedites the design process and shortens the time it takes to bring a product to

market, its use is expanding in the CAD sector. In the area of generative design,

CAD automation is one of the most often used techniques. Generative design can

automatically create solutions when given a set of loads and restrictions. To

accomplish their design objectives, designers and engineers feed criteria into

generative design technologies, such as performance or space requirements,

materials, production processes, and budgetary constraints.

In order to produce a product that is simpler and easier to manufacture,

generative design, which creates variations based on automated calculation, is

used in this case study of an assembly that needs to be wrapped. Autodesk's

Fusion 360 software enables designers to produce one-of-a-kind variations and

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iteratively improve designs up until a product is recommended that satisfies

their requirements—in this example, one that is both lighter and stronger.

Investigating all possible variants of a given solution allows the computer to

quickly create design alternatives. It runs itself through a battery of tests during

each cycle, then adjusts its strategy in light of the findings. The current work

clarifies crucial user input and criteria for automated design.

The designing process can be sped up with the help of CAD, which enables users

to produce one-of-a-kind models that can be modified on an ongoing basis to

fulfill the requirements of the users in accordance with the references they

provide. Because of this, the straightforward operation of CAD may be directly

translated into a three-dimensional representation of a physical design. The

researchers are able to come up with a one-of-a-kind design of attachment

fittings with the use of CAD, which brings more accuracy and stability to the

study they are currently conducting.

“Stress, Pressure and Fatigue on Aircraft Maintenance Personal”

As a component of the Dirty Dozen and the Human Factors procedures,

the research that Luis and Rui (2019) conducted centers on an assessment of the

effects of stress, pressure, and weariness on workers. A survey open to

participants from all over the world and conducted entirely online was carried

out with the purpose of determining the levels of weariness, stress, and pressure

exposure experienced by professionals. This study is a contribution to aviation

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safety with the purpose of informing the appropriate authorities about the stress,

strain, and fatigue that are experienced by people who are responsible for aircraft

maintenance. When it comes to jobs related to aviation, safety is the most

important factor. The individuals responsible for maintenance-related duties are

constantly exposed to a variety of external factors, every one of which has the

potential to lead to errors in the performance or evaluation of

maintenance-related responsibilities.

The working and resting times of flight crew members and air traffic

controllers have been precisely regulated by the authorities; nevertheless, the

regulations governing maintenance staff do not reflect the same procedures. The

impending digital transformation in the aerospace sector will bring about an

increase in the safety margin and a reduction in the amount of time that aircraft

spend on the ground for maintenance.

The literature that pertains to this topic primarily focuses on the dirty

dozen. The subject's main focus is on the attachment fittings to provide accuracy

and stability on the hand held drill. One way of avoiding fatigue in the

workplace while working is to lessen the workload of an aircraft maintenance

technician in order to achieve accuracy and stability during the drilling process.

The researcher intends to avoid the dirty dozen, specifically fatigue.

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Synthesis

The related studies aforementioned are the same as to what the

researchers are studying. Some of the literature mentioned regarding the usage of

hand held drills, the common problems with the drilling process, and also

possible solutions that can help mitigate the hand held drilling problems. All of

the data will be a big help and support for the researchers in developing

attachment fittings for handheld drill that is simple, portable, budget friendly

and effective for end users.

Srinivasan et al. (2021) employed digital manufacturing to design a new

application. The study was deemed a success because the body of a common

electric drill machine was redesigned to improve its safety and ease of use

without reducing its operating capacity or removing skilled operators' ability to

use it. The researchers deconstructed the CAD model of a typical drill and fitted

an auxiliary (precision) handle using generative design using Autodesk Fusion

360 software. This is a viable possibility. To boost drill stability, a second grip was

suggested. This enhances operating stability and allows the operator better

control over the drilling process because they can utilize both hands and more

upper body strength.

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According to Aamir et al. (2020), drilling is the most challenging

machining operation in the aviation sector since millions of holes are needed for

riveted and bolted joints in aircraft structural assembly. Drilling these alloys can

lead to poor hole quality, which reduces the airframe's durability. This causes

assembly-phase part rejection, which affects product pricing. Machined parts

demand the correct tool form, material characteristics and coatings, cutting speed

and feed rate, and drilling equipment. This relevant literature study allows

researchers to create attachment fittings that overcome

handheld drill flaws. Drilling is the most challenging aerospace machining

process because it creates millions of riveted and fastened holes.

An aviation drilling robot's positioning inaccuracy affects aircraft

durability and safety during assembly. Chen et al. (2018) proposes a

co-kriging-based error compensation strategy for an aviation drilling robot. First,

kinematics-based robot error similarity is proposed. Next, a laser tracker

measures the relative displacement of several spots in the working area. The

measured positional error cross-variogram is fit. After creating a

cross-variogram, co-kriging can be used to estimate verification point positional

errors. After compensation, the robot drills the given locations.

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Neto et al. (2018) found that human mistake causes most aircraft

accidents, while preventative maintenance causes most industry interventions. In

this context, the primary goals of this study were to identify and understand

problems for workers engaged in maintenance activities under the entire belly of

the aircraft and to define a concept for developing equipment that can solve the

encountered problems and meet industrial organization requirements for

performing tasks below the aircraft. This study also aimed to determine a

concept for developing equipment to suit industrial organization needs for

below-aircraft tasks.

Co and Culaba (2019) found that 3D printing is gaining popularity in the

Philippines. Ultimaker, one of the leading 3D printer manufacturers, defines 3D

printing as "a breakthrough technology" 3D printing, unlike traditional

manufacturing, adds material layer by layer to construct the structure.

According to Pomazan and Sintea (2020), design automation software

speeds up the design process and reduces the time needed to bring a product to

market. CAD automation is a popular technique in generative design. Given

loads and limits, generative design can automatically build solutions. Designers

and engineers integrate performance or space requirements, materials,

production methods, and budgetary constraints into generative design tools to

achieve design goals.

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One way to avoid fatigue in the workplace while working is to lessen the

workload of an aircraft maintenance technician in order to achieve accuracy and

stability during the drilling process. This is one way to avoid fatigue in the

workplace. With the above-mentioned information, the researchers discovered a

gap in the design and development of handheld electric drills. A novel

improvement in the tool such as attachment fitting could contribute convenience

to the user in terms of its stability and accuracy during the drilling process.

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CHAPTER 3

Methodology

Research Design

The researchers utilized a qualitative research design in the study. There

were ten participants coming from the airframe laboratory shop of PATTS

College of Aeronautics. Five of them were students coming from the department

of aircraft maintenance technology while five were instructors of the said

institution.

An interview in the form of self-structured survey questionnaires were

distributed to the participants. Two types of questionnaires were prepared,

namely Key Informant Interview 1 (KII-1) and Key Informant Interview 2 (KII-2).

KII-1 consists of questions regarding the perspectives and needs of the users

regarding the use of the standard local handheld drills. On the other hand, KII-2

includes questions regarding the comparison between the performance of

standard handheld electric drills with and without attachment fittings in terms of

accuracy and stability.

Furthermore, the dissemination of the survey instruments allowed the

participants' inputs and perspectives to be used as the basis for the qualitative

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data that were gathered. They were required to respond to a series of open-ended

questions on the instrument.

Preparation Stage

In order to develop an auxiliary attachment fitting prototype for handheld

electric that promotes stability and accuracy, the researchers took into

consideration the materials, tools, and cost of developing the prototype. For the

initial sketch design, the researchers utilized a sketch up CAD application. This

application allowed the researchers to create a preliminary sketch and graph of

the prototype.

The mechanism of the design prototype is in reciprocating motion. Two C

clamps which were attached with a freewheeling screw were responsible for

holding the handheld electric drill in place. The two rods were used for the

locking mechanism depending on the desired angle of the user. The angles that

can be set at are 90, 75, 60, 45, 30 degrees, either left or right.

Different sectional views of the design prototypes were designed as

shown in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5.

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Figure 2. Top View of the Pre-Designed Prototype

Figure 2 above shows the top view of the design prototype for the attachment

Figure 3. Front View of the Pre-Designed Prototype

Figure 3 above shows the front view of the design prototype for the attachment
fitting in handheld drill.

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Figure 4. Side View of the Pre-Designed Prototype

Figure 4 above shows the side view of the design prototype for the attachment
fitting in handheld drill.

Figure 5. Isometric View of the Pre-Designed Prototype

Figure 5 above shows the isometric view of the design prototype for the
attachment fitting in handheld drill.

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Additionally, the present study focused on the ten purposely chosen

participants from PATTS, wherein, five of them were students and five were

instructors. All of the participants were given separate survey questionnaires

consisting of open-ended questions to obtain their feedback and perceptions on

the comparative use of handheld drill with attachment fitting and the

commercialized handheld drill.

Development Stage

In the development stage of the study, consideration of the stress and force

acting upon the attachment fittings when using it was applied. Also the type of

materials that were utilized for manufacturing of the prototype were taken into

account. The auxiliary attachment fittings were then redesigned in partnership

with Anything 3D, as an online shop that provides 3D printing services and CAD

services at a reasonable price. Some of the notable changes here were the usage of

linear rod and the clamping mechanism that could hold the handheld electric

drill in place. These changes were done through the usage of Fusion 360, which is

later 3D printed using a Polylactic Acid filament.

The final output design of the prototype at different section views are

shown in Figures 6a and 6b, Figures 7a and b, Figures 8a and b and Figures 9a

and b.

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Figure 6a. Top View of the Final Design Prototype with Dimensions

Figure 6b. Top View of the Final Design Prototype

Shown in figures 6a and 6b are the top views of the final design prototype with
their corresponding dimensions.

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Figure 7a. Front View of the Final Design Prototype with Dimensions

Figure 7b. Front View of the Final Design Prototype

Shown in figures 7a and 7b are the front views of the final design prototype with
their corresponding dimensions.

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Figure 8a. Side View of Final Design Figure 8b. Side View of Final Design
Prototype with Dimension Prototype

Shown in figures 8a and 8b are the side views of the final design prototype with

their corresponding dimensions.

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Figure 9a. Isometric View Sketch of the Final Design Prototype

Figure 9b. Isometric View of the Final Design Prototype

Shown in figures 9a and 9b are the isometric views of the final design prototype
for the handheld electric drill attachment fitting.

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Construction Stage

Several construction procedures were conducted in order to finalize and

produce the fitting attachment for the handheld electric drill. Shown in figure 11

is the colored isometric view of the attachment fitting. Each component is colored

differently.

Figure 10. Colored Isometric View of the Different Parts of Final Design Prototype

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According to their section and purpose.

Step by Step Design and Construction:

1. Base (Blue Section)

This is the first part of the prototype that was 3D printed.

2. Support (Yellow Green and Yellow)

This is the second part that was 3D printed; it is assembled with the base

using a knob.

3. 2-Two Linear (Light Blue and Tortoise)

This is a 10 mm x 200 mm linear rod that is inserted into the support and

can be attached.

4. Front and back clamp (Light blue and red)

This is the third part of the prototype that was 3D printed; it can be

tightened and loosened through the use of screws.

5. Locking Pin (Pink and Light yellow)

This is the last part of the prototype that was 3D printed. It is used to lock

the attachment fitting.

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Figure 11. Isometric View of the Disassembled Parts of Final Design Prototype

Figure 11 above shows the isometric view of the disassembled parts of the final
design prototype for the handheld electric drill attachment fitting.

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Figure 12. Assemble of Attachment Fittings

Figure 12 shows the assembly preparation of the different sections of the

developed attachment fittings.

Figure 13. Attaching the Developed Attachment Fittings in Handheld Drill

Figure 13 shows the process of attaching the developed attachment fittings for
the handheld drill.

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Figure 14. Testing of the Prototype by one of the Researchers

Figure 14 shows the testing of the prototype in a wooden surface by drilling

holes as performed by one of the researchers.

Validation Stage

The designed and developed attachment fitting is exclusively applicable

for handheld electric drills. This fitting is detachable by unscrewing the screws in

the prototype.

Furthermore, the finalized developed prototype was validated by a set of

experts. A total of three experts tested the prototype before the evaluation stage

and necessary improvements were made upon the recommendation of the

validators.

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The first validator was Engr. Jabes A. Isoli, the BS Aircraft Maintenance

Course Chairperson. The second validator was Engr. Jover Boyd T. Chan, the

head of the Training Department. Lastly, the third validator was Mr. Rolando M.

Ordanozo, Airframe & Powerplant OIC.

The set of validators checked and tested the prototype by utilizing the

attachment fitting in the handheld electric drill in the drilling of wood and sheet

metal samples. Their approval and recommendation were considered prior to the

evaluation stage.

Evaluation Stage

In the evaluation proper, a total of ten participants were included in the

testing of the prototype. A consent to participate was delivered to the

participants in order to obtain their approval for participation in the testing of

the prototype. In the letter, the purpose of the study was clearly stated, the

benefits and compensation, personal information to collect and the purpose of

collecting personal information. Furthermore, confidentiality, retention,

voluntary participation and rights sections were specified and included.

One hole was drilled without the utilization of the prototype attachment

fittings in wood and sheet metal surfaces. Participants were allowed to use

guiding mark tools such as center punch.

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After that, the participants were then tasked for a second time to a drill

hole but this time, they utilized the auxiliary attachment fitting prototype.

Furthermore, the drilling progress was tested at different angles, namely 45, 60,

75 and 90 degrees.

Then, the self-structured survey questionnaires with open-ended

questions were distributed to the participants for them to write their experiences

and feedback regarding the use of handheld drills with and without the

attachment fittings at different angles and surfaces.

Afterwards, the information collected from the participants were

thematically analyzed and necessary recommendations will be provided.

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Tools and Equipment

List of Tools, Equipment, and Machines

Tools

No. Qty Unit Specifications Total Price

1 1 Php 49,499.00 CR10 MAX (3D Printer ) Php 0.00

2 1 Php 0.00 Fusion 360 (Student) Php 0.00

3 1 Php 2,500.00 STANLEY 600W (Electric hand drill) Php 2,500.00

4 10 Php 45.00 Sheet Metal (22 Gauge) Php 405.00

5 10 Php 160.00 Wood Php 1,440.00

TOTAL Php 4,345.00

Table 1. List of Tools, Equipment, and Machines

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Materials

Name of Hardware/Supplier: Anything 3D

Business Address: 641 Gerona St. Manila

Contact Person: Adrian Alipio Tel. No.

09761549757

BILL OF MATERIALS

No. Qty Unit Specifications Total Price

1 1 Php 100.00 10 mm x 200 mm Linear rod Php 100.00

2 1 Php 22.95 M8x60 mm Stainless steel bolt Php 91.80

3 1 Php 0.00 M8 nut Php 0.00

4 10 Php 0.00 M8 washer Php 0.00

5 10 Php 1,800.00 CAD Redesign service Php 1,800.00

6 Php 5434.57 3D Printing service Php 5,434.57

TOTAL Php 7,526.37

Table 2. Bill of Materials

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Time Allotment (Gantt Chart)

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Hardware and Software Specifications

The main type of filament used in the 3D Printing for the output was

Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) which lasted for a total of 36 hours.

Sample and Sampling Technique Interview (Qualitative)

The study utilized qualitative research design. A purposive sampling

technique in choosing the participants was utilized focusing on ten different

participants from PATTS, wherein, five of them were students and five were

instructors.

Key informant interviews were the scope of the data gathering, in which

the set of open-ended questions were incorporated into self-structured

questionnaires. These were distributed to the participants before and after their

prototype testing experience.

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Survey Instrument/Interview Question

I. Key Informant Interview 1 (KI-1)

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT OF HANDHELD DRILL THROUGH AN

ATTACHMENT FITTING TO ACHIEVE ACCURACY AND STABILITY

KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW 1 (KII-1) QUESTIONNAIRE

(EMPATHIZE)

(Students/Instructors)

Participants’ perspectives on the shortcomings of the current standard

handheld electric drill.

Instructions: Kindly answer the following questions. Write your answer on the
space provided.

1. What problems did you encounter in using the standard handheld electric
drill?

2. What are your thoughts about the accuracy of the current handheld electric
drill during the drilling process?

3. What are your thoughts about the stability of the current handheld electric
drill during the drilling process?

4. Do you think that the standard handheld electric drill should be improved in
terms of accuracy and stability?

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II. Key Informant Interview 2 (KII-2)

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT OF HANDHELD DRILL THROUGH AN

ATTACHMENT FITTING TO ACHIEVE ACCURACY AND STABILITY

KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW 2 (KII-2) QUESTIONNAIRE

(TESTING)

(Students/Instructors)

Perception of the Participants on the Design Development of Handheld Drill

through an Attachment Fitting

Instructions: Kindly answer the following questions. Write your answer on the
space provided.

1. How will you describe the accuracy of the handheld drills at varying angles?

1.1 With attachment fitting?

1.2 Without attachment fitting?

2. How will you describe the stability of the handheld drills at varying material
textures?

2.1 With attachment fitting?

2.2 Without attachment fitting?

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3. What recommendation can you give for future improvement of the handheld
drill attachment fitting?

Thematic Analysis (Qualitative)

The gathered feedback and answers of the participants from the

open-ended questions in KII-1 and KII-2 were analyzed using thematic analysis

(Braun et al., 2017). The basic purpose of thematic analysis as a stand-alone

qualitative descriptive approach is to find, examine, and report patterns (themes)

within data. The responses of the participants were formed into codes and

interpreted

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CHAPTER 4

Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data

This chapter contains the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data

collected from questionnaires distributed to the participants before and after the

hole drilling experiment while using a standard drill with and without

attachment fitting. This chapter also includes qualitative data presentations in

statements and themes, as well as their corresponding interpretations.

KII 1 (EMPATHIZE)

1. Perspectives and needs of the users regarding the use of the standard local

handheld drills.

The perspectives of the participants were gathered and themed based on

their experience of use of the standard local handheld drills.

1.1 What problems did you encounter in using the standard handheld electric

drill?

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Hard to Use on Different Angles. This is one of the problems

encountered by the participants in using the standard handheld electric drill.

Specifically, it was observed that using the standard handheld drill poses

difficulty in angle hole drilling except the right angle. The drill starts to slip in

angular hole drilling especially on acute angles risking the accuracy aspect.

Participant 1:

“On using the standard handheld drill, I have observed it is hard to use on different

angles other than 90˚.”

Participant 3

“When using the standard hand-held drill it is impossible to drill out a certain angle and

sometimes the drill slips away.”

Participant 4:

“It is not accurate in terms of different degrees.”

Hassle and Heavy to Carry. This is one of the problems encountered by

the participants in using the standard handheld electric drill. Specifically, a

participant described it as an object that is hassle to carry anywhere due to its

heaviness, which adds up weight loads to the use

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Participant 2:

“Hassle to bring anywhere and heavy.”

Unstable due to Vibration. This is one of the problems encountered by

the participants in using the standard handheld electric drill. According to the

participants, instability is specifically felt because of the vibrations brought on by

continuous use of the electric drill. This occurs particularly while drilling at an

angle without a guide, which calls for the user to exert pressure. Drilling at

certain angles are sometimes not achieved. Furthermore, the vibration causes the

drilling to deviate.

Participant 5:

“Unstable, tiredness and vibration due to long usage.”

Participant 6:

“I noticed if we are going to use the drill the problem that I encounter is the vibration

since we don’t have any guide especially in the angle, so the pressure is all in our hands.”

Participant 7:

“The problem that I have encountered while using a handheld drill is the instability of it

while using it on sheet metal or sometimes on wood. There is also the vibration that it

produces which can have a toll on my arms due to the extended period of usage. There are

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times when the material to be drilled needs to be at the angle due to the weight of the

handheld drill, the desired angle needed for drilling is not achieved.”

Participant 8:

“The problem that I have faced while using a handheld drill is that the drill bit moves a

lot causing it to deviate.”

Disadvantage to First-time Users. This is one of the problems

encountered by the participants in using the standard handheld electric drill.

According to the participant, since both accuracy and stability are important

aspects in drilling, first-time users fail to manage the drilling activities when

working on right angles.

Participant 9:

“During in an actual activity, precision and accuracy really matters when it comes to

drilling. Especially when working on drilling 90˚. Most of the time, first time drill users

fail to manage the accurate angle.”

User-Friendly but Requires Proper Usage. This is one of the problems

encountered by the participants in using the standard handheld electric drill.

Accordingly, the participant has not encountered any problem in utilizing the

electric drill as it is user friendly. However, proper usage of the usage should be

observed.

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Participant 10:

“As a user of handheld drills, we haven’t encountered a problem using it because it's user

friendly, but only requires proper usage.”

1.2 What are your thoughts about the accuracy of the current handheld electric

drill during the drilling process?

Needs Improvement in Accuracy. This is one of the thoughts among the

participants about the accuracy of the current handheld electric drill during the

drilling process. It was observed that the current handheld drill can be improved

in terms of accuracy. In order to achieve accuracy, a guide hole is advantageous

on both sides of the drill since there are times when the drill moves in a different

direction and does not drill in the right place.

Participant 1:

“I have observed that the accuracy can be improved.”

Participant 6:

“Regarding the accuracy, the initial spin of the drill bit, it moves around if there’s no

guide hole. If we don’t have any guide on both sides the tendency is going to move to the

other direction.”

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Participant 7:

“The accuracy during the drilling process is not as accurate due to the weight of the

handheld drill. There are times that the drill does not accurately drill into the proper

location.”

Small-Like Version of Drill Press. This is one of the thoughts among the

participants about the accuracy of the current handheld electric drill during the

drilling process. The current handheld drill was observed to be a small version of

a drill press as perceived by a participant.

Participant 2:

“It is like a small version of drill press.”

Accuracy is Imperfect. This is one of the thoughts among the participants

about the accuracy of the current handheld electric drill during the drilling

process. As perceived by the participants, the present electric drill is not accurate

and does not provide a perfect drilled hole especially at certain angles.

Participant 3:

“The accuracy may not hit the 100%, because of the cons when drilling some holes that

needs specific angle.”

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Participant 4:

“Not much accurate.”

For Improvement in Stability. This is one of the thoughts among the

participants about the accuracy of the current handheld electric drill during the

drilling process. As perceived by the participant, accuracy is connected to

stability. There is a need to enhance the stability of the drill in order to achieve

accuracy.

Participant 5:

“The drilling process is good however I think the current handheld drill still need to

enhance specifically the stability during the drilling process.”

Inaccurate Drilling due to Vibration. This is one of the thoughts among

the participants about the accuracy of the current handheld electric drill during

the drilling process.

Participant 8:

“For accuracy sometimes it could cause inaccuracy from the vibration caused by the

hand-held drill causing the work to look sloppy.”

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It requires a lot of time and patience. This is one of the thoughts among

the participants about the accuracy of the current handheld electric drill during

the drilling process.

Participant 9:

“Handheld drilling require a lot time of patience and experiences in order to improve

accuracy. Most of the time several users use drill guide in order to make sure the drilled

holes are accurate 90˚.”

User-Dependent. This is one of the thoughts among the participants about

the accuracy of the current handheld electric drill during the drilling process.

Participant 10:

“The accuracy of the handheld drill depends upon the way you hold the drill.”

1.3 What are your thoughts about the stability of the current handheld electric

drill during the drilling process?

User-Dependent. This is one of the thoughts among the participants about

the stability of the current handheld electric drill during the drilling process.

Accordingly, the stability is dependent on the user as it requires the strength of

the user in exerting weight during the drilling process.

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Participant 1:

“It is not really stable. The stability of the tool depends on the user.”

Participant 6:

“It is not stable enough if your arms aren’t too strong to handle the weight of the

handheld drill. It depends on the user’s ability to handle the weight of the handheld drill.”

Participant 10:

“The stability of hand-held drill depends upon the way you hold the drill.”

Good Stability for Larger Material Only. This is one of the thoughts

among the participants about the stability of the current handheld electric drill

during the drilling process. As perceived, the standard drill is stable for larger

materials only as it gives a more balanced hole drilling due to a larger surface

area and thickness.

Participant 2:

“Good stability but for a larger material only.”

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Unstable. This is one of the thoughts among the participants about the

stability of the current handheld electric drill during the drilling process. As

observed by the users, the drill is unstable in smooth surfaces, which also results

in inaccuracy.

Participant 3:

“For it is not so stable at all, because of the smooth surface, the drill bit slips away.”

Participant 4:

“As what I have mentioned above regarding the stability of the hand drill, it is somehow

unstable which sometimes results for inaccurate.”

Participant 7:

“The stability of the drilling process is somewhat unstable. One factor of it is its weight

and another is the vibration produces by the hand-held drill while it is penetrating into

the material.”

Hard Time to Point the Location at Certain Angles. This is one of the

thoughts among the participants about the stability of the current handheld

electric drill during the drilling process. According to a participant, there is such

a hard time on pointing the exact location of the drill at certain angles namely

45˚, 60˚, and 75˚.

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Participant 4: “Having hard time to point the location of the drill specifically in 75˚, 60˚

and 45˚.”

Vibration Can Cause Slippage. This is one of the thoughts among the

participants about the stability of the current handheld electric drill during the

drilling process. The vibration caused by drilling on different surfaces may result

to slippage of work resulting to poor quality output.

Participant 8:

“My thoughts on stability, the vibration is one of the biggest challenge where your hand

could control the handheld drill which could cause slippage on the material, may it be

wood or sheet metal.”

It requires focus, physical strength and proper posture. This is one of the

thoughts among the participants about the stability of the current handheld

electric drill during the drilling process. Based on the experience of a participant,

using the current electric drill requires focus, physical strength, and proper

posture in order to maintain stability and drilling resulting in more quality work

outputs.

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Participant 9:

“When it comes to stability, handheld drills requires focus, physical strength and proper

posture in order to maintain the quality and stability of drilled holes specially when

drilling or performing multiple repairs.”

1.4 Do you think that the standard handheld electric drill should be improved in

terms of accuracy and stability?

For Improvement in the Quality of Work. This is one of the thoughts

among the participants about the improvement of the current handheld electric

drill in terms of accuracy and stability. Accordingly, there is a need for

improvement in the standard drill in order to attain quality work. It was

emphasized that an angle guide for drilling should be added and workable in

smaller surfaces. It would also provide an easier and safer work environment.

Participant 1:

“Yes, so we could improve the quality of work we produce.”

Participant 4:

“Yes, to produce good quality product.”

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Participant 5:

“Yes.”

Participant 8:

“The standard handheld drill needs improvement. The quality output and it is necessary

to have an angle and it would be able to use is small spaces.”

Participant 9:

“Yes, because if the procedure improve the quality of work will also improve and it will

provide an easier and safer work environment.”

For Improvement in Size. This is one of the thoughts among the

participants about the improvement of the current handheld electric drill in

terms of accuracy and stability. A certain suggestion was given by a participant

regarding the change in the size of the standard electric drill turning it into a

smaller material.

Participant 2:

“Yes, make it smaller.”

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For Improvement in Accuracy and Stability. This is one of the thoughts

among the participants about the improvement of the current handheld electric

drill in terms of accuracy and stability. Participants agreed that the current drill

should be improved in terms of accuracy and stability as this will provide an

efficient workspace. Though users are used to the standard drill, there is still a

room for improvement in the drilling material.

Participant 3:

“Yes, because improving its accuracy and stability it will provide efficiency on our work.”

Participant 7:

“Yes, I believe there is room for improvement for the current handheld drill. Although it

has come a long way, the stability and accuracy of using the handheld drill can be

improved.”

For Standard Measurement in Hole Drilling. This is one of the thoughts

among the participants about the improvement of the current handheld electric

drill in terms of accuracy and stability. As perceived, the current drill should be

improved by not risking the standard measurement needed in the hole drilling.

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Participant 6:

“For me, yes, before we are going to make a hole there’s a standard measure to follow. If

the measurement is not followed there is probably going to be an error when it comes to

the measurement.”

No Need for Improvement. This is one of the thoughts among the

participants about the improvement of the current handheld electric drill in

terms of accuracy and stability. A participant suggested that the standard electric

drill does not need any improvement at all as this has been the experience of the

user. On the other hand, it was emphasized that it still depends on the operator.

Participant 10:

“For me, there’s nothing to improve, because it depends only on the person who operates.

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KII 2 (TESTING)

2. Comparison of the accuracy of the developed handheld drills with

attachment fitting to the standard electric drill at varying angles.

This section shows the perceptions and feedback from the participants in

comparing the accuracy of the developed handheld drill with and without

attachment fitting at varying angles, namely 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees,

and 90 degrees.

2.1 Accuracy of the handheld drill at varying angles with attachment fitting.

Increase in Accuracy. According to the participants, there is an increase in

accuracy of the handheld drill at varying angles when the fitting is attached. This

is an important aspect in the work environment. It was also observed that

accuracy is 100% at varying angles. On the other hand, it was noted that despite

the instrument’s accuracy, the stability is still unsteady.

Participant 1:

“It increases the accuracy. It was possible to drill at different angles.”

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Participant 3:

“Because of the attachment fitting it provides accuracy that needs in our work.”

Participant 4:

“Accurate in which it looks easy to point out the location to be drilled.”

Participant 5:

“With attachment fittings the accuracy of the handheld electric drill is 100% accurate at

varying angles.”

Participant 10:

“The angles of the attachment are accurate but not stable.”

Much Easier to Drill. The use of attachment fitting in the drill serves its

purpose to provide convenience to the participants while drilling based on their

feedback. Furthermore, they have experienced accuracy and stability in using the

instrument. As a result, the attachment fitting acted as a holder or stand for the

drill at various required angles rather than the user's weight and effort. It was

also observed that the output was presentable even with drilling at various

angles on flat surfaces.

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Participant 7:

“With the use of the attachment fitting, it is a lot easier to drill accurately and do it in a

stable manner. It is also much easier on the user because you can lay it on the material

rather than holding its weight up. It is also advantageous because it can be adjusted to

the desired angle that is needed.”

Participant 8:

“The angles for handheld drill is it a lot easier because the produced output comes out

clean when there is a specific angle.”

Participant 9:

“As I’ve experienced during the practical testing with attachment fitting, the difficulty of

drilling with various angle made easier especially on a flat surface.”

Needs Improvement for Acute Angles. Other participants noted that the

developed handheld electric drill with attachment fitting still needs

improvement especially for acute angles. On the other hand, the attachment

fitting is useful especially for 90˚ drilling in wood and sheet metal surfaces.

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Participant 2:

“For the 90˚ it is good but for the other angles needs an improvement.”

Participant 6:

“I noticed if we are going to use the attachment fitting, the drill will be steady but it’s not

100% steady there’s a little bit wiggle when the trigger is activated. It is not that 100%

accurate, still needs improvement.”

2.2 Accuracy of the handheld drill at varying angles without attachment fitting.

Drilling Difficulty at Different Angles. The handheld electric drill

without attachment fitting poses difficulty in drilling at different angles. It was a

challenge to the participants in drilling at the desired position and angle on the

surface of the material.

Participant 1:

“It was really hard to drill at different angles.”

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Participant 7:

“Without the attachment fitting it is more of a challenge to keep the handheld drill in

proper position and angle that is desired on the material. The drill bit also has a tendency

to slide or walk away from the desired location of the hole to be drilled and damaging the

material.”

Participant 9:

“Drilling with various angles using a handheld drill is a difficult task to perform because

you need to check your angle using protractor in order to make sure that your drill

position is at the precise angle.”

Participant 10:

“Drilling without attachment at varying angle is difficult, because the drill will slip and

scratch the material.”

Good without Additional Support for Right Angle. A participant

emphasized that the handheld electric drill is more useful for right angle drilling

as it does not require support.

Participant 2:

“Good without handling for 90˚.”

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Unstable and Inaccurate. Other participants have experienced instability

and inaccuracy during the testing of the drill without attachment fitting.

Accordingly, it is hard to maintain accuracy which requires the user to exert force

from the hand to keep the drill in place in the wood and sheet metal. Another

reason for getting inaccurate results is the sliding of the drill especially in smooth

surface.

Participant 3:

“It is not stable that’s why it can’t provide accuracy.”

Participant 4:

“Hard to maintain its accuracy in which it provides extra force from the head to hold the

piece of sheet metal and wood.”

Participant 5:

“Compared to a handheld electric drill without attachment fitting before you can drill a

whole sometimes the drill bit slides at the surface.”

Participant 6:

“It is much more accurate if we are going to compare it without the use of the attachment

fittings.”

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Damages the Material. Another observation was the damage in the

material caused by drilling without the attachment fitting. Using the center

punch as a guide still resulted to damage.

Participant 8:

“Without attachment fitting it slips even though there is a center punch which damages

the material.”

3. Comparison of the stability of the developed handheld drills with

attachment fitting to the standard electric drill at varying material textures.

This section shows the perceptions and feedback from the participants in

comparing the stability of the developed handheld drill with and without

attachment fitting at varying material textures, namely wood and sheet metal.

3.1 Stability of the handheld drill at varying angles with attachment fitting.

Increase in Stability at Different Angles. As experienced by the

participants, there is an increase in stability at different angles when they use the

electric drill with attachment fitting.

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Participant 1:

“It was more stable to drill with the attachment.”

Participant 2:

“It has a good stability in every different angles.”

Increase in Stability at Different Surfaces. The same thing was

experienced on the material surfaces such as wood and sheet metal, in which, an

increase in stability was obtained with the use of attachment fitting. Specifically,

the attachment fitting provided a smooth drilling process which did not affect

the output performance. In wood surface, the drilling was secured and intact

because of the thickness of the surface materials, in addition of the attachment

fitting increasing the stability on the process. On the other hand, a participant in

the sheet metal test remarked that the testing object's thickness was thinner than

expected, which caused sliding during the drilling procedure in the surface

material. Additionally, this demonstrated the increased necessity of an

attachment fitting to prevent drill slipping.

Participant 3:

“When drilling on a smooth surface with attachment fittings, it all runs smoothly,

although it’s smooth it doesn’t slip away and it provides accuracy and stability. Also in

rough surface it provides proper stability, it includes also the accuracy.”

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Participant 4:

“With the help of the attachment fittings, it provide smooth drilling in which it provides

stability on the drill which it hold the drill and it doesn’t affect the performance.”

Participant 6:

“If we’re going to drill on the wood, the wood is softer compared to the metal materials so

the texture is much more rigid so the drill bit would be intact in the first turn. For metal,

its texture is smooth enough that the drill bit will slide. So it’s very important we have a

guide to control the slide. The use of attachment fittings is the one that will counteract

that sliding.”

Participant 8:

“With the attachment fitting id drilling at different surface textures when it sees smooth

surface. You have a much better feel whether there are rough surfaces or bumps.”

Participant 9:

“Talking about the stability with proposed attachment fitting, in my own opinion. It

would be more stable and effective drilling with attachment fitting as long as the surface

of the drilling area is flat or the attachment fitting may be more flexible to sustain the

same output in uneven surface.”

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Manageable. The use of handheld electric drill with attachment fitting has

achieved its purpose in providing stability for the users. The drilling process was

manageable for the participants even with use of different types of materials.

Participant 5:

“The stability of the handheld drill with attachment fitting has achieve its purpose. The

stability is manageable.”

Participant 7:

“With attachment fitting on the handheld drill it is more stable and manageable on

different types of material with different textures.”

Stable in Larger or Wider Surfaces. A participant noted that the handheld

electric drill with attachment fitting provided stability which is more useful for

larger or wider surfaces. The size of the developed attachment fitting

complements more on larger surface areas.

Participant 10:

“For me it’s stable but only when the material is larger or wider than the attachment.”

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3.2 Stability of the handheld drill at varying angles without attachment fitting.

User-Dependent. The stability of the handheld drill without attachment at

varying angles resulted for it to be user-dependent. Particularly, a hand support

is needed to maintain stability without the attachment fitting.

Participant 1

“Stability was dependent on the user.”

Participant 4:

“Its stability is based on hand support.”

Participant 10:

“Drilling without attachment fitting requires holding the drill carefully to attain the

stability.”

Hard to Use in Different Angles. The use of handheld electric drill

without attachment fitting posed difficulty in drilling in different angles.

Participant 2:

“It is hard to use in different angles.”

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Unstable Especially for Smooth Surfaces. The use of handheld electric

drill without attachment fitting showed instability especially in smooth surface

object such as sheet metal. Accordingly, the process provides instability as the

drill slips away from the desired location due to the surface type. This event can

cause accident in the workspace and may harm the user. Furthermore, the

process is unmanageable without the use of attachment fitting. On the other

hand, a participant believed that more experience is required in order to attain

the stability needed in drilling holes at different surfaces especially when one is

using the drill without an attachment fitting.

Participant 3:

“Not stable at all. Because of the smooth surface it slips and it might cause accident the

workshop.”

Participant 5:

“Compared with attachment fitting the handheld drill without attachment fitting its

stability is unmanageable.”

Participant 6:

“Without the attachment fitting on wood it’s manageable but for smooth texture like

metal it will slide without the use of it.”

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Participant 7:

“Given the fact that we are just holding the handheld drill it is obviously unstable and

the material texture make it worse to use.”

Participant 8:

“Depending on the material it can cause the drill bit to slip from the desired position.”

Participant 9:

“Based in my own experience during sheet metal work/activities, drilling hole plays a big

role when it comes to sheet metal repair. More importantly when drilling multiple

number of holes, drilling at different location/areas. You need to have a lot of actual

experience in order to sustain the drilling stability up until the last hole.”

4. Recommendations for further improvement of the handheld drill with

attachment fitting based on the experience of the user in the prototype testing

stage.

This section includes the recommendations and suggestions provided by

the participants in the testing process with regard to the further improvement of

the handheld drill with attachment fitting.

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Stronger Material Use for the fitting. According to the participant, a

stronger material could be used as a substitute for the fitting in the prototype.

Participant 1:

“Material used on the product can be made from a stronger material.”

Smaller Attachment Fitting Size. Participants suggested the

consideration in the size of the fitting by making it particularly smaller in size or

dimension in order for it to become more convenient to carry and use. The

purpose is to be able to apply it with more accuracy and stability with smaller

surface materials.

Participant 2:

“Smaller.”

Participant 5:

“Smaller attachment fitting that can make that easy to use and carry. Also you use CNC

machining for manufacturing for sturdier body of the attachment fitting.”

Participant 8:

“Make it applicable to smaller surfaces.”

Participant 10:

The attachment should be smaller than its current design, so that it can be used, accurate

and stable at any dimension of the material.”

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Develop a Built-in Clamp with a Spring. A built-in clamp with a spring

is also suggested for the improvement of the handheld electric drill. The purpose

of the recommended innovation is for the drill to be stable withstanding the

possibility of slipping or sliding.

Participant 3:

“For me I will recommend like a built in clamp to hold the material and a spring to allow

the drill to come back on its starting point.”

Participant 4:

“My recommendation is to provide a clamp that withstand to the material to be drilled in

order to reduce the possibility of slipping.”

Guidelines to know if the Material is on Center. Guidelines could be

included in the innovation by adding designation numbers for degrees and

centerline for more accuracy in identifying the center of the area of interest.

Participant 6:

“First is the wiggle issue. The reason to use the attachment fitting is to get the accuracy

but there is still a wiggle, it will lessen the accuracy. Next is the number sign on the

degrees, centerline, and guidelines to know if the materials is on the center. That is all

that I see that needs improvement.”

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Keep it Lightweight. Another improvement as recommended by a

participant is to keep the fitting lightweight such as converting it into materials

such as metal or aluminum.

Participant 7:

“My recommendation for future improvement are to make the attachment fitting out if a

more robust material such as metal or aluminum to keep it light weight. It could also help

to know angles that are available on it so some labeling on the angles could help. Finally a

universal handheld drill clamp that can conform to any other type of handheld drill.”

Applicable to Different Locations and Surface Area. As suggested, the

fitting should be applicable in different locations or surface areas. Participants

also mentioned about the other applications of the attachment fitting in

pneumatic drill.

Participant 9:

“In my own opinion, my recommendation to the project improvement is to make it

flexible to different location/surface area. I’m also excited to use that the attachment

fitting into a pneumatic drill. But overall it was a great invention and idea in order to

improve drilling practices. Most of the student having a hard time to manage to provide a

good output when it comes to drilling activities.”

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5. Performance of the Handheld Drill with and without attachment Fitting

based on the perception of Students and Instructors

This section shows the comparison of the performance feedback of

students and instructors with the utilization of handheld electric drill with and

without the attachment fittings at various angles and material texture

5.1 Accuracy

Students Instructors

With Attachment Without With Attachment Without

Fitting Attachment Fitting Attachment
Fitting Fitting

1. Increase in 1. Unstable and 1. Increase in 1. Drilling

accuracy. inaccurate. accuracy difficulty at

different angles.
2. Much easier to 2. Drilling 2. Needs

drill. difficulty at improvement for 2. Good without

different angles. acute angles. additional

support for right

3. Damages the 3. Much easier to
angles.
material. drill.

3. Unstable and

Inaccurate.

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Table 3. Accuracy performance comparison

Students’ and instructors’ feedback comparison using handheld electric drill in terms of
Accuracy at Varying Angles

Table 3 above shows the thematic comparison on the performance of the

handheld drill with and without attachment fitting at varying angles in terms of

accuracy based on the perceptions of students and instructors.

In the case of the handheld drill with attachment fitting, both groups

agreed that an increase in accuracy was obtained during the testing making it

much easier to drill. On the other hand, the instructors added that there is still

room for improvement in the attachment fittings regarding the drilling

operations for acute angles.

In the case of the handheld drill without attachment fitting, both groups

agreed that lack of attachment fitting makes the hole drilling unstable and

inaccurate, providing a difficulty at different angles. Furthermore, the students

added that the testing process damages the material. On the other hand, the

instructors observed that the absence of attachment fitting in the drilling is

applicable and useful for 90 degrees.

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5.2 Stability

Students Instructors

With Attachment Without With Attachment Without

Fitting Attachment Fitting Attachment
Fitting Fitting

1. Increase in 1. Unstable 1. Increase in 1.

stability at especially for stability at User-dependent.

different surfaces. smooth surfaces. different angles.

2. Hard to use in

2. Manageable 2. 2. Increase in different angles.

User-dependent stability at
3. Unstable
different surfaces.
especially for

3. Stable in larger smooth surfaces.

or wider surfaces.

Table 4. Stability performance comparison

Students’ and instructors’ feedback comparison using handheld electric drill in terms of
Stability at Varying Material Textures

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Table 4 above shows the thematic comparison on the performance of the

handheld drill with and without attachment fitting at varying material textures

in terms of stability based on the perceptions of students and instructors.

In the case of the handheld drill with attachment fitting, both groups

agreed that an increased stability at different surfaces could be obtained. The

students added that using the drill with attachment fitting made it more

manageable in the drilling process. Furthermore, the instructors observed that

there is also stability at different angles especially in larger and wider material

surfaces.

In the case of the handheld drill without attachment fitting, both groups

agreed that lack of attachment fitting makes the hole drilling unstable in smooth

surfaces, making it more dependent on the user. Furthermore, the instructors

added that the drill with no attachment fitting makes it more difficult to use in

different angles.

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CHAPTER 5

Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations

This chapter presents the summary of the findings of the study, the

conclusions based on the objectives and problem statements, and

recommendations for application and further improvement of the study.

Summary of Findings

The present study aimed to develop a handheld drill through an

attachment fitting to achieve accuracy and stability. Key Informant Interviews

(KII-1 and KII-2) in the form of survey questionnaires were distributed among

participants. Based from the findings of the study, the researchers summarized

the following according to the objectives of the study and problem statements:

KII 1

1. Perspectives and needs of the user regarding the use of the standard local

handheld drills:

1.1 Problems encountered in using the standard handheld electric drill;

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· The problems encountered by the participants in using the standard

handheld electric drill are the following: hard to use on different angles, hassle

and heavy to carry, unstable due to vibration, and disadvantage to first-time

users.

1.2 Thoughts about the accuracy of the current handheld electric drill during the

drilling process;

· The following are the perceptions of the participants about the accuracy of

the current handheld electric drill during the drilling process: needs

improvement in accuracy, small-like version of drill press, accuracy is imperfect,

needs improvement in stability, inaccurate drilling due to vibration, requires a lot

of time and patience, and user-dependent.

1.3 Thoughts about the stability of the current handheld electric drill during the

drilling process;

· The following are the perceptions of the participants about the stability of

the current handheld electric drill during the drilling process: user-dependent,

good stability for larger material only, unstable, hard time to point the location at

certain angles, vibration can cause slippage, and it requires focus, physical

strength and proper posture.

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1.4 Thoughts about the improvement of the current handheld electric drill in

terms of accuracy and stability;

· The following are the perceptions of the participants about the

improvement of the current handheld electric drill in terms of accuracy and

stability: improvement in the quality of work, refinement in size, enhancement in

accuracy and stability, and use of standard measurement in hole drilling.

KII 2

2. Comparison of the accuracy of the developed handheld drills with attachment

fitting to the standard electric drill at varying angles:

2.1 Accuracy of the handheld drill at varying angles with attachment fitting;

· The following are the perceptions of the participants about the accuracy of

the handheld electric drill at varying angles with attachment fitting: increase in

accuracy, much easier to drill, but needs improvement for acute angles.

2.2 Accuracy of the handheld drill at varying angles without attachment fitting;

· The following are the perceptions of the participants about the accuracy of

the handheld electric drill at varying angles without attachment fitting: drilling

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difficulty at different angles, good without additional support for right angle

drilling, unstable and inaccurate, and damages the material.

3. Comparison of the stability of the developed handheld drills with attachment

fitting to the standard electric drill at varying material textures:

3.1 Stability of the handheld drill at varying material textures with attachment

fitting;

· The following are the perceptions of the participants about the stability of

the handheld electric drill at varying material textures with attachment fitting:

increase in stability at different angles, increase in stability at different surfaces,

manageable, and stable in larger or wider surfaces.

3.2 Stability of the handheld drill at varying material textures without attachment

fitting;

· The following are the perceptions of the participants about the stability of

the handheld electric drill at varying material textures without attachment

fitting: user-dependent, hard to use in different angles, and unstable especially

for smooth surfaces.

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4. Recommendations for further improvement of the handheld drill with

attachment fitting based on the experience of the user in the prototype testing

stage:

· The following are the recommendations for further improvement of the

handheld drill with attachment fitting based on the experience of the user in the

prototype testing stage: stronger material use for the fitting, smaller attachment

fitting size for flexible locations, develop a built-in clamp with a spring, make

guidelines to know if the material is on center, keep it lightweight, and make it

applicable to different locations and surface area.

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Conclusion

Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. The use of standard local handheld drill potentially gives problems to its

users affecting the overall quality of drill works. These problems include the

difficulty in angle hole drilling, hassle to carry anywhere due to its heaviness,

and having vibration. In terms of accuracy and stability, it still requires

improvement since these aspects are user-dependent and pose difficulty at

pointing to the desired drilling locations at varying angles and material textures.

2. The use of the developed handheld drill with attachment fitting at varying

angles increases its accuracy in drilling tests compared with the handheld drill

without attachment. It is an innovative solution for drilling at different angles

providing convenience to the user at the same time refraining from damaging the

material output.

3. The use of the developed handheld drill with attachment fitting at varying

material textures increases its stability in drilling tests compared with the

handheld drill without attachment. The innovation provides a manageable

solution to the instability experience of the users who use standard drills.

Furthermore, it is more advantageous in drilling operations on smooth surfaces

compared with the drill with no attachment fitting.

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4. Certain improvements are recommended for the handheld drill with

attachment fitting such as fitting size adjustment, stronger version of material

type, lightweight properties, and applicability in different locations and surface

area.

Recommendation

Based on the summary of the findings and conclusions, the following

recommendations are suggested by the researchers for future possibilities of the

study:

1. Innovation of another attachment fitting by utilizing other stronger material

for more durability.

2. Consideration of smaller attachment fitting size for flexibility of drilling in

different locations.

3. Developing a built-in clamp with a string in the standard handheld drill and

testing it using a quantitative research design.

4. Incorporating guidelines such as printed and labeled degrees in the developed

attachment fitting for a more accurate target drilling operations.

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5. Consideration of lightweight materials for the attachment fitting, such as

aluminum.

6. Application of the developed attachment fitting to other drill types such as

pneumatic drill.

For further studies, future researchers can use the present study as their

benchmark in the design development of attachment fittings for other drills.

Moreover, application of the developed attachment fitting to other angles and

material textures for more enhanced results is also recommended.

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References

Aamir, M., Giasin, K., Tolouei-Rad, M., & Vafadar, A. (2020). A review:
Drilling performance and hole quality of aluminium alloys for aerospace
applications. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 9(6), 12484-12500.

Botti, L., Martin, B., Barr, A., Kapellusch, J., Mora, C., & Rempel, D. (2020).
R2: Drilling into concrete: Effect of feed force on handle vibration and
productivity. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 80, 103049.

Co, Joseph Rei Mark & Culaba, Alvin. (2019). 3D Printing: Challenges and
Opportunities of an Emerging Disruptive Technology.

Neto, W. F., Rebelo, F., & Silva, F. M. D. (2018, July). Design Specifications
for a New Equipment to Be Used by Workers in Aircraft Industry
Maintenance. In International Conference on Applied Human Factors and
Ergonomics (pp. 581-589). Springer, Cham.

Pomazan, V. M., & Sintea, S. R. (2020, September). Generative design for

assembly wrapping up. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and
Engineering (Vol. 916, No. 1, p. 012086). IOP Publishing.

Chen, D., Yuan, P., Wang, T., Cai, Y., & Xue, L. (2018). A Compensation
Method for Enhancing Aviation Drilling Robot Accuracy Based on
Co-Kriging. International Journal of Precision Engineering and
Manufacturing, 19(8), 1133–1142.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-018-0134-8

Santos, Luis & Melicio, Rui. (2019). Stress, Pressure and Fatigue on Aircraft
Maintenance Personal. International Review of Aerospace Engineering. 12.
35-45. 10.15866/irease.v12i1.14860. 2

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Srinivasan, N. R., Vaishnavi, J. C., Darshan, B. V., Srajaysikhar, D., Sakthivel,

G., & Raghukiran, N. (2021, July). Enhancement of an electric drill body
using design for additive manufacturing. In Journal of Physics: Conference
Series (Vol. 1969, No. 1, p. 012025). IOP Publishing.

Tolouei-Rad, M., & Aamir, M. (2021). Analysis of the Performance of

Drilling Operations for Improving Productivity. Drilling Technology, 5.

Bybee, K. (2009). Multiparameter Autodrilling Capabilities Provide

Drilling/Economic Benefits. Journal of Petroleum Technology, 61(08), 63-64.

Suiqi, D., Xingfu, X., & Wenhua, W. (2011). The analysis of hand drill
security psychology design. Procedia Engineering, 15, 4461-4464.

Uhl, M., Bruchmüller, T., & Matthiesen, S. (2019). Experimental analysis of

user forces by test bench and manual hammer drill experiments with regard
to vibrations and productivity. International Journal of Industrial
Ergonomics, 72, 398-407.

Victoria Clarke & Virginia Braun (2017) Thematic analysis, The Journal of
Positive Psychology, 12:3, 297-298, DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2016.1262613

Ahmadi, K., & Savilov, A. (2015). Modeling the mechanics and dynamics of
arbitrary edge drills. International Journal of Machine Tools and
Manufacture, 89, 208-220.

Denkena, B., Abele, E., Brecher, C., Dittrich, M. A., Kara, S., & Mori, M.
(2020). Energy efficient machine tools. CIRP Annals, 69(2), 646-667.

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Ligon, S. C., Liska, R., Stampfl, J., Gurr, M., & Mülhaupt, R. (2017).
Polymers for 3D printing and customized additive manufacturing. Chemical
reviews, 117(15), 10212-10290.

Patil, P. J. Reducing Vibrations Of Hand Operated Power Tools With

Vibration Isolation And Reduction Mechanism. JournalNX, 2(5), 16-19.

Sheikhalishahi, M., Pintelon, L., & Azadeh, A. (2016). Human factors in

maintenance: a review. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering.

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Appendices

A. Disclosure

The research paper titled "Design Development of Handheld Drill

Through an Attachment Fitting to Achieve Accuracy and Stability" has been

prepared by our group and submitted to the PATTS College of Aeronautics in

partial fulfillment of the requirement for the course AMTE 416 under the

supervision and direction of Engr. Jabes A. Isoli. Original and valid work of the

researcher conducted solely for academic purposes. This study report is not to be

utilized for political reasons or implications, or as a witness against any

individual, group, community, government entity, or regime. The opinions and

ideas represented in this research study are solely those of the author and do not

reflect any other individual, group, or community.

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B. CAD Drawing

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BILL OF MATERIALS

No. Qty. Unit Price Specifications Total Price

1 2 Php 100.00 10 mm x 200 mm Linear rod Php 200.00
2 4 Php 22.95 m8 x 60 mm Stainless steel bolt Php 91.80
3 4 Php 0.00 m8 nut Php 0.00
4 4 Php 0.00 m8 washer Php 0.00
5 1 Php 1,800.00 CAD Redesign service Php 1,800.00
6 1 Php 5434.57 3D Printing service Php 5434.57

TOTAL Php 7,526.37

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C. Actual Project (Isometric View and Orthographic View)

FRONT VIEW

BACK VIEW

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TOP VIEW

BOTTOM VIEW

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LEFT VIEW RIGHT VIEW

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ISOMETRIC VIEW

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D. Sample Questionnaire/KII

KII 1 EMPATHIZE

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KII 2 QUESTIONNAIRE TESTING

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E. Validations

VALIDATOR 1, ENGR. JABES A. ISOLI

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VALIDATOR 2, MR. ROLANDO M. ORDANOZO

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VALIDATOR 3, ENGR. JOVER BOYD T. CHAN

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F. Pictures of the Validators

Engr. Jabes A. Isoli Mr. Rolando M Ordanozo

(BS AMT Program Chairperson) (Airframe & Powerplant OIC)

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Engr. Jover Boyd T. Chan

(Head of Training Department)

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G. Sample of Questionnaires/KII with answers

PARTICIPANT 1
KII 1 QUESTIONNAIRES

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KII 2 QUESTIONNAIRES

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PARTICIPANT 2
KII 1 QUESTIONNAIRES

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KII 2 QUESTIONNAIRES

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PARTICIPANT 3
KII 1 QUESTIONNAIRES

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KII 2 QUESTIONNAIRES

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H. Pictures of the participants

PARTICIPANT 1

PARTICIPANT 2

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PARTICIPANT 3

PARTICIPANT 4

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PARTICIPANT 5

PARTICIPANT 6

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PARTICIPANT 7

PARTICIPANT 8

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PARTICIPANT 9

PARTICIPANT 10

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I. Grammarian Certificate

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J. Plagiarism Check Certificate

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K. Prototype Output/s
TEST OUTPUT PARTICIPANT 1 (WOOD)

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TEST OUTPUT PARTICIPANT 1 (SHEET METAL)

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TEST OUTPUT PARTICIPANT 2 (WOOD)

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TEST OUTPUT PARTICIPANT 2 (SHEET METAL)

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TEST OUTPUT PARTICIPANT 3 (WOOD)

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TEST OUTPUT PARTICIPANT 3 (SHEET METAL)

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L. Procedure on How to Use it

Step 1
● Loosen the nuts then remove the other side of the detachable attachment
fitting.

Step 2
● After removing the nuts remove the lower part of the upper attachment
fitting then install the hand held electric drill.

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Step 3
● Attach the remove part of the detachable attachment fitting and install the
knob to tighten and grip it.

Step 4
● Install the detachable attachment fitting on the rod

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Step 5
● Place the attachment fitting at the center of the to be drilled.

Step 6
● Remove the knob located on the side of the attachment fitting that locks
the angle in place, to adjust the angle. Every hole is considerent 15 degrees
difference per hole. Once set into the desired angle simply push down the
electric drill into the material to be drilled.

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M. Resume/s

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Bionote

Jyul Briane P. Chichirita

was born on 8th of July 2000 and raised in Iloilo City, and is now a student
of PATTS College Of Aeronautics in Lombos Ave., Brgy. San Isidro, Parañaque,
Metro Manila, Philippines, who is currently studying Bachelor of Science in
Aircraft Maintenance Technology. He was able to finish his Primary up until
Senior High School Education at University Of San Agustin. He enjoys playing
video games in his free time to better improve his creativity and develop
cognitive skills. Furthermore, he likes watching movies related to sports and
action. His passion for things reflects who he is. Jyul believes that you will learn
by leaving your comfort zone, and always keeps in mind that Patience,
Dedication and Discipline will help him pursue his goals in the Future.

Jhon Mher A. De Dios

Was born on the 8th of September 2000, and currently a 3rd year student
of PATTS College of Aeronautics under the Bachelor of Science in Aircraft
Maintenance Technology. Has joined a lot of webinars to expand his knowledge
when it comes to aviation. Mr. De Dios was able to finish his studies of primary,
secondary, at Great Christian Academy and Senior High School at Colegio de San
Juan de Letran, which helps him to achieve a lot of success when it comes to
academics. He excels in activities related to sports, and businesses. Mr. De Dios
prefers to work with communication and hands on. In this way, he pursues his
dream with such a wonderful existence and enough knowledge and willing to
adapt more information on his field. His great mindset will help him to be a great
worker in the near future.

Raymond Louis Felix

Was born on the 28th of April 2000 in Sta. Rosa, Laguna. He is taking up
Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology in PATTS College of
Aeronautics. He was able to finish his studies of primary at St. Benedict School of
Cabuyao, Laguna, Inc., secondary, and Senior High School at Cabuyao Integrated
National High School. He believes that if you fall seven times, stand up eight. He
also believes that consistency is one of the most important values that one must
have to succeed in life. He molded his character through various experiences and
knowledge that he acquired throughout his life. He is still currently finishing his
studies of Aircraft Maintenance Technology. His eagerness and dedication to
become an aviator someday is what fuels him to still pursue his course.

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Christian Earl F. Macapaz

Was born in the year 2001 in Novaliches, Quezon City. Currently a 4th
year college student at PATTS College of Aeronautics taking BS Aircraft
Maintenance Technology, which can be found on Lombos Avenue, Brgy. San
Isidro, Parañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines. He completed his elementary
schooling atPrecious Gems of Camella School, his secondary schooling at St.
Dominic College of ASIA, and his senior year of high school at University of
Perpetual Help System DALTA, Las Piñas Campus. A detail-oriented Aircraft
Maintenance Technology student that is experienced in Repair, Inspection,
Aircraft Marshalling, ability to think quickly and make good decisions under
pressure.

John Cedrick T. Mendez

Was born in Intramuros, Manila, on April 8th, 2001. He is presently a

Makati City resident. He is a BS Aircraft Maintenance Technology student in his
fourth year at PATTS College of Aeronautics. His primary schooling was
completed at Lourdes School of Mandaluyong, and he completed his secondary
education and senior high school coursework at Pateros Catholic School. Few of
his friends call him “Cedrick” but many prefer to call him “Ced“. Cedrick is an
extremely conscientious person. He consistently strives for excellence in all life
has to offer. He thinks that eventually all of his sacrifices will be recognized. He
believes that life continually gives us challenges that help us mold to become a
better person. Cedrick’s motivational quote in life is remembering that ” You can’t
be a good leader without good character “ . This quote is from Tony Boselli.

James Jel C. Olaguer

He was born on the 26th day of April 2000 in Legazpi City but lives in
Guinobatan, Albay. He is a 4th year college student at PATTS College of
Aeronautics taking up a Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology.
He is currently residing in Fountain Breeze Condominium Lombos Ave, San
Isidro Parañaque City. He completed his elementary education at St. Agnes
Academy, and finished his secondary education at St. Gregory the Great
Seminary, and his senior high school in Ateneo de Naga University. At the
moment, he is currently enrolled in PATTS College of Aeronautics taking up
Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology. according to Chris
Hadfiled “Focus on the Journey not the destination” He also believes what
Sheryl Swoops says “No matter how far life pushes you down, no matter how
much you hurt, you can always bounce back” He is known by his nickname
Olags and wanted to say thank you for all the people he had encounter through

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his journey and experience with them. His character continues to flourish and is
looking forward to future endeavors.

Phil Colline C. Quintanar

Was born on the 10th day of April 2000 in Masbate City. He is taking up a
Bachelor of Science in Aircraft Maintenance Technology at PATTS College of
Aeronautics. He was able to finish his studies at primary school at Asian
Integrated School in Doha, Qatar, secondary school at St. Mark’s Institute in Las
Piñas City, and Senior High School at PATTS College of Aeronautics in
Paranaque City. Phil Colline believes that passion is one of the most important
factors in determining what you want to do in the future. He believes that this is
the main driving force that could help you reach your goal easier as it helps you
absorb the materials you want to learn a lot faster.

Ernest Real S. Rea

Was born in the year 2000 in the municipality of Alaminos City, and is
presently enrolled as a college student at PATTS College of Aeronautics, which
can be found on Lombos Avenue, Brgy. San Isidro, Parañaque, Metro Manila,
Philippines. He completed his elementary schooling at Colegio San Jose de
Alaminos, his secondary schooling at Colegio San Jose de Alaminos, and his
senior year of high school at Alaminos City National High School. At the
moment, he is enrolled in a course for a Bachelor of Science in Aircraft
Maintenance Technology. He also shares the opinion that in order to appreciate
the rainbow, one must first appreciate the rain. He also holds the opinion that
one should feel free to wear something as long as it fits them properly. Ernest,
commonly known by his alias ER, has developed his character thanks to the
knowledge and experiences he has obtained. His ability to persevere in the face
of adversity stems from the fact that he does not see obstacles in the way, but
rather difficulties that present an opportunity for personal development.

Lanz Nicole A. Santos

Was born on the 5th of October 2000. In the country of the United Arab
Emirates. His home town in the Philippines is in Nueva Ecija. He is currently a
4rd year student of PATTS College of Aeronautics under the Bachelor of Science
in Aircraft Maintenance Technology program. He completed his primary, and
part of his secondary high school overseas, which helped develop his proficiency
in English language. He finished his high school at General de Jesus Colleges.
Lanz spent his spare time watching movies and interesting automotive youtube
videos, which then developed into aircrafts. For hobbies, he likes to go ride
mountain bikes across off road terrains. Mr. Santos prefers to work on hands on
rather than the traditional pen and paper

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