11 V May 2023

52970
 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

An Experimental Study on Properties of Concrete by

Partial Replacement of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and
Glass Powder
Nithin B J1, Pooja M2, Poornima B S3, Praveen Kumar S B4, Saif Saqlain5, Akshay Kumar H S6
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Engineering Student, Dept, of Civil Engineering, BGSIT, ACU, BG Nagara, Karnataka
6
Assistant Professor Dept, of Civil Engineering, BGSIT,ACU, BG Nagara, Karnataka

Abstract: Currently India has taken a major initiative on developing the infrastructures such as express highways, power
projects, and industrial structures to meet the requirements of globalization in the construction field, which involves the
construction of buildings and other structures. Concrete plays the key role in the construction field and a large quantity of
concrete is being utilized in every construction practices. To increase the strength of concrete the water/cement ratio has to be
reduced, which in turn increases the cement content. To overcome low workability problem different kinds of admixtures are
used to achieve the required workability.
The sugarcane bagasse ash which is usually disposed can be used as an alternate for cement, since SCBA is rich in silica
content and also sufficient calcium content. The SCBA is used in different combination to find the feasibility of using the SCBA
as an alternate to cement. The cement is replaced by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by the weight of cement and by keeping the
replacement of glass powder for cement as constant that is 10% by weight of cement. The concrete cubes are casted and
compression and split tensile tests were carried out to find the best combination which results in optimum percentage of strength.
Keywords: Cement, Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), Glass powder.

I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is being widely used for the construction of most of the building, bridges and other structures and it also known as
backbone to the infrastructures development of a nation. At present for a variety of reasons, the concrete industry is not sustainable.
Firstly it consumes huge amount of natural resource due to which no virgin material will be left for future generation. Secondly the
major component of concrete is cement. A large amount of greenhouse gases will be emitted in the manufacturing process of
cement. Thirdly, concrete structures suffer from a durability problem due to which natural resources are wasted therefore, there is a
need to find an alternative method so that concrete industry becomes sustainable. In the past, sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) and
glass powder (GP) were disposed into the nature. This created a several environmental and health concerns. The sugarcane bagasse
ash is obtained from the sugarcane industry and glass powder is also a industrial waste. Instead of disposing these materials
into land fills they can be effectively used in the production of concrete as a supplementary to the cement. Both sugarcane bagasse
ash and glass powder are rich in silica content and also have sufficient amount of calcium content. Hence the waste materials like
sugarcane bagasse ash and glass powder can be used in the partial replacement of cement in concrete production.

II. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

1) To investigate the best mix proportion for the partial replacement of sugarcane bagasse ash and glass powder for cement by the
different strength values obtained for different sample specimens.
2) To investigate the feasibility of the partial replacement of sugarcane bagasse ash and glass powder in concrete by determining
its compressive strength.
3) To find the optimum percentages of sugarcane bagasse ash and glass powder to obtain the optimum compressive strength
values.
4) To reduce the cost of major materials used in concrete by replacing it with cheaper materials such as sugarcane bagasse ash and
glass powder.
5) To increase the strength and durability of concrete by using suitable replacement materials.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
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III. LITERATURE REVIEW

1) K GANESAN (2007) studied the effects of sugarcane bagasse ash content as partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement
on physically and mechanically properties of hardened concrete. They found that the sugarcane bagasse ash was an effective
material, with 20% as optimal replacement ratio of cement.
2) Mr. RASHEED (2014) Milling of glass to micro-meter scale particle size, for enhancing the reactions between glass and
cement hydrates, can bring major energy, environmental and economical benefits, when cement is partially replaced with
milled waste glass as aggregate in concrete. Studies also focused on usage of waste glass as aggregate in concrete. Study on
durability of concrete with waste glass pointed better performance against chloride permeability in long term but there is
concern about alkali-silica reaction. Several researches show that at the higher age recycled glass provide compressive strengths
exceeding those of control concretes.
3) Mrs. LAVANYA M R had studied on compressive strength of concrete by partial replacement of cement with sugarcane
bagasse ash. The feasibility of using sugarcane bagasse ash, a finely grounded waste product from sugarcane industry, as partial
replacement for cement in conventional concrete is examined. The tests were conducted as per Bureau of Indian Standards
(BIS) codes to evaluate the stability of sugarcane bagasse ash for partial replacement up to 30% of cement with varying water
cement ratio (w/c). They showed that addition of sugarcane bagasse ash results in improvements of strength in all cases and
according to the results obtained. It can be concluded that sugarcane bagasse ash can increase the overall strength of concrete
when used up to a 15% cement replacement level with W/C ratio of 0.35, sugarcane bagasse ash is valuable pozzolanic material
and it can potentially be used as a partial replacement for cement.

IV. CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIALS

A. Cement
The cement used in this project is ordinary Portland cement which is 53 grade & the name of the cement is Coromandel king.

Fig. 1 Cement

Table 1 chemical composition of ordinary portland cement

Contents Percentage
CaO 60-67
SiO2 17-25
Al2O3 3-8
Fe2O3 0.5-6
MgO 2.5
SO3 2-2.5
Other Oxides 5

Table 2 physical properties of ordinary Portland cement

SL.No Properties Results
1 Fineness (%) 2.35
2 Normal consistency (%) 31
3 Specific gravity 2.96
4 Initial setting time (min) 35

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
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B. Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Sugarcane bagasse ash is a byproduct of sugar factory found after burning sugarcane bagasse which itself is found after the
extraction of all economical sugar from sugarcane. In India, approximately about 2.5 Million tons of sugarcane bagasse ash
produced every year. The sugarcane bagasse ash is a voluminous material and is an environmental waste sugarcane bagasse ash is
non biodegradable waste. The disposal of this material is already causing environmental problems around the sugar factories.

Fig. 2 Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Table 3 Chemical composition of sugarcane bagasse ash

Content Percentage

SiO2 62.43

Al2O3 4.38

Fe2O3 6.98

CaO 11.8

MgO 2.51

SO3 1.48

K2O 3.53

Table 4 Physical Properties Of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Sl.No Properties Results
1 Specific Gravity 2.68

C. Glass Powder
Million tons of waste glass is being generated annually all over the world. once the glass becomes the waste it is disposed as
landfills, which is unsustainable as this does not decompose in the environment. Glass is principally composed of silica and it also
possesses sufficient amount of calcium. The waste glass pieces are milled by using milling equipment and then the milled glass is
used in concrete as a partial replacement of cement could be an important step towards the development of sustainable infrastructure
systems. When the waste glass is milled down to micro size particles, it is expected to undergo pozzolanic reactions with the cement
hydrates, forming secondary calcium silicate hydrate.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
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In this present study the chemical properties of glass will be evaluated being non-biodegradable in nature, glass disposal has landfill
has environmental impacts as the land filling will be expensive. Hence it is better to use glass powder as a partial replacement for a
cement.

Fig. 3 Glass Powder

Table 5 Chemical composition of glass powder

Content Percentage

SiO2 71.1

Al2O3 0.9

Fe2O3 0.6

CaO 9.2

MgO 4.4

Na2O 12.6

K2O 0.8

Table 6 Physical Properties of Glass Powder

Sl. No Properties Results

1 Specific Gravity 2.5

V. EXPERIMENTAL WORK

A. MIX DESIGN
Design of M20 grade concrete
Mix Proportions
 Cement = 394 Kg/m3
 Fine Aggregate = 668 Kg/m3
 Coarse Aggregate = 1119 Kg/m3
 Water = 197 Liters
 Water Cement Ratio = 0.5
MIX PROPORTION IS 1:1.7:2.84

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
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B. Deatails Of The Specimens

The details of the specimens are shown in the below table:

Table 7 Dimensions of the test specimens

SPECIMEN CUBES CYLINDERS
DIMENSION 150 mm Diameter &
(150*150*150) mm 300 mm height
SAMPLE/NO 7 DAYS 14 DAYS 28 DAYS 28 DAYS
OF DAYS

A 2 2 2 1

B 2 2 2 1

C 2 2 2 1

D 2 2 2 1

E 2 2 2 1
TOTAL 10 10 10 5

VI. METHODOLOGY
1) In the present study, we have used concrete cube moulds of size (150*150*150) mm for the compression test & cylindrical
moulds of size 150*300 mm for split tensile strength.
2) The specimens are casted for M20 grade concree where cement is partially replaced by sugarcane bagasse ash (0 to 20% ) and
glass powder (10%).
3) Hand mixing is use for concrete mixing.
4) After casting required specimens, the specimens will be cured by the normal water at the room temperature.
5) After curing the cubes are subjected to compression test for 7, 14, and 28 days & cylinders are subjected to split tensile strength
test for 28 days by using compression testing machine at the rate of loading of 140 Kg/cm2 or 14 N/mm2/min as per IS 516-
1959.

A. Casting, Demoulding, And Curing

By referring to IS 10262-2009 and IS 456-2000, the mix design is carried out for M20 grade of concrete. The required materials are
batched based on the values obtained by mix design. The proportion of cement, sand and coarse aggregate is 1:1.7:2.84. At first the
mix design values are calculated for 1 m3 volume and then it computed for standard cube moulds of size 150x150x150 mm &
cylindrical moulds of size (150x300) mm. For each fraction of volume of sugarcane bagasse ash and glass powder, two cube moulds
are casted and quantities of each materials are calculated for those standard values of the moulds and one cylindrical mould is
casted.

Fig. 4 Dry Mix Fig. 5 Wet Mix

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
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Fig. 6 Compaction Fig 7 Casting

Fig 8 Demoulding Fig 9 Curing

VII. TESTS ON CONCRETE

A. Tests On Fresh Concrete
Standard slump test
The standard slump test is the most well-known and widely used test method to characterize the workability of fresh concrete. The
inexpensive standard slump test which measures the consistency, is used on job sites to determine rapidly whether a concrete batch
should be accepted or rejected.

Table 8 Slump values of all the samples

SI.No Items A B C D E
1 Proportion 1:1.7:2.84 1:1.7:2.84 1:1.7:2.84 1:1.7:2.84 1:1.7:2.84

2 Slump 100 97 94 89 85

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
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B. Tests On Hardened Concrete

1) Compressive Strength
The compressive strength of concrete that is ultimate strength of concrete is defined as the load which causes failure of the specimen
divided by the area of the cross section in the uniaxial compression, under a given rate of loading. To avoid large variation in the
result of compression test, great care is taken during the casting of the specimens and while applying load as well. However it is
compulsory to conduct the test in uniaxial compression only. Concrete under tri-axial state can offer more resistance and will fail
only after considerably large deformations. Compressive testing machine is used to test and determine the compressive strength of
the concrete cubes. The formula used to calculate the compressive strength is given below :
Compressive strength (Mpa) = (Failure Load / Cross Sectional Area)

Fig 10 Compression Testing Machine Fig 11 Compression Test

2) Split Tensile Strength of Concrete

The split tensile strength is the ability of the concrete to resist the direct tension. The tensile strength is one of the basic and
important properties of concrete. The split tensile strength is determined by using cylinders. The split tensile strength is
approximately about 10% of the compressive strength. Concrete is very weak in tension due to its brittle in nature and is not
expected to resist the direct tension. The concrete develops cracks when subjected to tensile forces. Thus, it necessary to determine
the tensile strength of the concrete to determine the load at which the concrete cylinders may crack.

Fig 12 Split Tensile Test

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
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VIII. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

A. Compressive Strength Of Concrete

Table 9 Compressive Strength of the concrete cubes at 7, 14, & 28 days

TRIALS PERCENTAGE OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
REPLACEMENT (Mpa)
MATERIALS SCBA GP 7 DAYS 14 DAYS 28 DAYS
SAMPLE A 0% 0% 13.15 18.18 20.09
SAMPLE B 5% 10% 13.33 18.35 20.44
SAMPLE C 10% 10% 13.77 18.69 20.88
SAMPLE D 15% 10% 12.44 16.88 19.40
SAMPLE E 20% 10% 11.88 16.10 18.35

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (Mpa)

25

20.88
20.09 20.44
20 19.4
COMPESSIVE STRENGTH (Mpa)

18.35 18.69 18.35

18.18
16.88
16.1

15
13.33 13.77
13.15
12.44 7 DAYS
11.88
14 DAYS

10 28DAYS

0
SAMPLE A SAMPLE B SAMPLE C SAMPLE D SAMPLE E
DIFFERENT SAMPLES

Fig 13 Graphical comparison between 7, 14 & 28 days compressive strength of concrete

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
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B. Split Tensile Strength Of Concrete

Table 10 Split tensile strength results at 28 Days

TRIALS PERCENTAGE OF REPLACEMENT SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH (Mpa)
MATERIALS SCBA GP 28 DAYS
SAMPLE A 0% 0% 2.90
SAMPLE B 5% 10% 3.15
SAMPLE C 10% 10% 3.50
SAMPLE D 15% 10% 2.85
SAMPLE E 20% 10% 2.24

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH FOR 28 DAYS

4
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH (Mpa)

3.5
3.5
3.15
2.85
3 2.9

2.5
2.24

1.5

0.5

0
SAMPLE A SAMPLE B SAMPLE C SAMPLE D SAMPLE E
DIFFERENT SAMPLES

Fig 14 Graphical representation of 28 days split tensile strength of concrete

IX. CONCLUSION
1) The compressive strength of concrete was higher than the conventional concrete for 10% sugarcane bagasse ash and 10% glass
powder replacement by the weight of cement at 7, 14, & 28 days of curing ages. However further increase in replacement
percentages lowers the compressive strength of concrete.
2) The split tensile strength of concrete in which cement was replaced by 10% SCBA & 10 & Glass Powder was higher than
conventional concrete. However further increase in replacement percentages lowers the split tensile strength of concrete.
3) Glass powder and SCBA can be used as partial replacement for cement in concrete which helps in reduction of construction
cost.
4) The optimum replacement of cement by SCBA and Glass Powder is 10% and 10%, further increase in the replacement
percentages results in reduction of concrete strength.

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 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.538
Volume 11 Issue V May 2023- Available at www.ijraset.com

A. Scope For Future Work

1) Durability of concrete with partial replacement of cement by SCBA and glass powder can be studied.
2) Alkali aggregate reaction of concrete with partial replacement of cement by SCBA and Glass Powder can be studied.
3) Behavior due to acid attack of concrete with partial replacement of cement by SCBA and Glass Powder can be studied.

REFERENCES
[1] Dr. G. Vijayakumar, Ms. H. Vishaliny & Dr. D. Govindaraju, “ Studies on glass powder as partial replacement of cement in concrete production” International
Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2013) .
[2] Mr. T. Subramani, Mr. M. Prabhakaram, “ Experimental study on Bagasse Ash in concrete” International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering
& Management (ISSN 2319-4847, Volume 4, Issue 5, May 2015
[3] M S Shetty, “ Concrete Technology and Practice” 7th edition Textbook, printed by the S Chand and Company Limited.
[4] H S Vishwanath, “ Concrete Technology and Practice” 7th edition Textbook, printed by the S Chand and Company Limited.
[5] P M Dhotrad, “ Concrete Technology and Practice” 7th edition Textbook, printed by the S Chand and Company Limited.
[6] IS: 10262-2009, “Recommended guidelines for concrete mix design” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[7] IS: 456-2000, “Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete” Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

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