Review Innovations CE Review for Nov 2023 - Hydraulics 9
HEAD LOSSES
Major Loss (due to friction)
Darcy- Weisbach formula
fL v2
hf - all sections
D 2g
Q2
h f 0.0826fL - circular pipes only
D5
Manning formula:
v2
hf 6.35n2L - all sections
D4/3
Q2
hf 10.29n2L - circular pipes only
D16/3
Hazen-Williams formula:
v 0.8429CR0.63S0.54 - all sections 4. The elevations of reservoirs 1, 2, and 3 are 30 m, 18 m, and
Q 0.2785CD S 2.63 0.54 0 respectively. Pipes 1, 2, and 3 are 900 m of 60 cm, 300 m
10.67𝐿𝑄1.85 of 45 cm, and 1200 m of 40 cm. f = 0.02
ℎ𝑓 = 1.85 4.87 a. What is the flow rate in pipe 1?
𝐶 𝐷
- circular pipes only b. What is the flow rate in pipe 2?
c. What is the flow rate in pipe 3?
S = slope of the egl; hydraulic slope;
energy gradient
Problems for Practice
HL h f
S
L L 5. Find the approximate flow rate at which water will flow in
a conduit shaped in the form of an equilateral triangle if
L = length of the pipe the head lost is 4 m per kilometer length. The cross-
hf = head loss due to friction sectional area of the duct is 0.075 m2. Assume f = 0.0155
D = diameter of the pipe (m)
6. A 25 – mm diameter commercial steel pipe, 50 m long is
For non-circular pipe: used to drain an oil tank. Determine the discharge when
A the oil level in the tank is 5 m above the exit of the pipe.
D 4R R Neglect minor losses and assume f = 0.12
P
P = wetted perimeter
7. Water flows from a tank through 22 meters of 150 mm
diameter pipe and then discharges into air as shown in
Minor Loss (due to change in size or direction, obstruction, Figure 20. The flow of water in the pipe is 120 liters/sec.
etc.)
Assume n = 0.013 and neglect minor losses,
v2 a. Find the velocity of flow in the pipe in m/s.
hm k m
2g b. Determine the total head loss in the pipe in meters.
km = coefficient of such minor loss c. Calculate the pressure at the top of the tank in kPa.
D = 0.15 m
1. Calculate the head loss in a 250-mm Ø pipe 500 m long
4m
when water flows at 115 liters per second using:
a. Darcy-Weisbach formula, f = 0.02
b. Manning formula, n = 0.012
c. Hazen –Williams formula, C = 100
2. The loss of head in a 1200 mm x 600 mm pipe conveying P=? D = 0.15 m 12 m
water is estimated at 0.04 m per meter length. f= 0.032.
What is the discharge?
3m Water
THREE – RESERVOIR PROBLEM
D = 0.15 m
3. From the given figure, the rate of flow from reservoir A is
6m
0.2 m3/s.
a. Compute the head loss in pipe B.
b. Compute the discharge in pipe C.
c. Compute the diameter of pipe C.
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Review Innovations CE Review for Nov 2023 - Hydraulics 9
Minor losses do not make any serious effect in
8. Three reservoirs 1, 2, and 3 meet at junction x. Reservoir 1, a. short pipes
25 m above reservoir 3, is at elevation 282 m. If the rate of
b. long pipes
flow from the highest reservoir 2 is 605 li/s, calculate the
following. c. both the short as well as long pipes
a. Discharge through pipe 1. d. cannot say
b. Discharge through pipe 3.
c. Elevation of reservoir 2.
Pipes Diameter Length C
1 900 mm 1410 110
2 750 988 100
3 600 1022 90
9. Three reservoirs are interconnected as shown. Calculate
the discharge in each pipe.
The losses of energy in pipes due to
a) Friction of surface
b) Sudden enlargement or contraction of area
c) Any obstruction in the path of flow
d) All of these
The major loss of energy in long pipes is due to
a) sudden enlargement
b) sudden contraction
c) gradual contraction or enlargement
d) friction
Which one of the following is a major loss?
a) frictional loss
b) shock loss
c) entry loss
d) exit loss
Minor losses occur due to
a) sudden enlargement in the pipe
b) sudden contraction in the pipe
c) bends in pipe
d) all of the above
5) 82.7 L/s
6) 0.313 li/s
7) 6.79 m/s, 13.65 m, 245.25 kPa
8) 0.267 m3/s, 0.872 m3/s, 285 m
9) 4.388 m3/s, 0.661 m3/s, 5.049 m3/s
Manila, Cebu, Davao FB: @ReviewInnovationsOfficial . Davao FB: Review Innovations Davao Branch
(02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194 (082) 221-1121 0930-256-0998
