SENSORY DISABILITY: SENSORY DISABILITY

ITS LEARNERS AND DISABILITY CATEGORIES ➢ also termed as sensory needs can occur for
a variety of reasons such as:
Human Senses
 disease
➢ enable us to observe, perceive, understand
 congenital conditions
and appreciate information about the world
 (some progressive)
around us.
 Injury
➢ Receivers of raw stimuli and translate them
➢The important consideration is:
into signals.
THE DEGREE TO WHICH THE
SENSORY ORGANS
DIFFICULTIES IMPACT ON A YOUNG
➢ Specialized cells and tissues of sensory PERSON’S ABILITY TO ACCESS
organs receive raw stimuli and translate them EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
into signals for the nervous system to use.
Learnerswith
➢ Nerves relay the signals to the brain, which
S E N S O RY D I S A B I L I T Y ?
interprets them as sight (vision), sound
(hearing), smell (olfaction), taste (gustation), 1. Blind or low vision
and touch (tactile perception) • When the student has an eye
SENSORY DISABILITY condition that cannot be fully
• Corrected by glasses or contact
➢ is a disability that affect one or more of lenses.
a person’s senses • The levels of vision are mild,
moderate, severe or profound.
Sales

2. Deaf or hearing loss or hard of

hearing
• When the learner has a partial or
95 total inability to hear
• that may be present at birth or
acquired and may affect
➢ comes from sense of sight and sense of • One or both ears.
hearing. • The levels of hearing loss are mild,
➢ Sensory disability can affect how one moderate, severe
gathers gen from the world around them. 3. Deaf-blind
 Occurs when the student
➢ People with a sensory impairment will have
has a hearing loss and
experienced life with their individual
visual loss, which are both
impairment in a completely different way to
educationally significant
others with the same type of sensory
impairment – no two people will be exactly although they may be at
the same and services should not be delivered different levels. Also
as if they were. termed as multisensory or
dual sensory impairment.
4. With hypersensitivity(over- ➢ Over-sensitivity and under
sensitivity) sensitivity are manifestations that
 When learners receive too can be observed by students with
much information via their autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
senses, so their brains and sensory processing disorder
become overloaded. (SPD). These two types of learners
Meaning, they may see, are sometimes being taken as the
hear, feel, smell or taste same but they are actually
the world in a more different. One example is that
extreme manner than children with SPD tend to have
other people. more problems with touch than do
 they may: those with autism, whereas
- find certain noises disturbing or children with autism struggle more
frightening; with sound processing.
- Not like to look at things if they
are a certain color or shape; and I M PA I R M E N T D I S A B I L I T Y
- Not like to taste or smell certain HANDICAP
things The world Health Organization
(WHO)(1996)
-International Classification of
• Some people may be deaf-blind Impairments, disabilities and
from birth, others may be born Handicaps.
Deaf or hard of hearing and
become blind or visually impaired Impairment- loss or abnormality of
later in life, or the reverse may be a psychological (mental),
the case. physiological (physical), or
5. with Hyposensitivity (Under- anatomical (internal/external parts
sensitivity) of the body) structure or function.
• Children who are hyposensitive
receive too little information, Example:
So the brain struggles to make A man with paralysis can't walk
sense of what little information because he lost the functions of his
there is. Meaning, they may see, legs
hear, feel, smell or taste the world
in a more muted way than other Disability- a limitation that is
people. inherent in the individual as a
• They may: result of an impairment.
- not be able to hear certain Any restriction or
sounds, including other people; lack (Resulting from an
and/or impairment) of ability to perform
- not feel pain the same way as an activity in the manner or within
other people. the range considered normal for
human being.
 Example: A man with paralysis
cannot walk.
= means a developmental disability
Handicap
significantly affecting verbal and
nonverbal communicationand social
Caused when an individual
linteraction, generally evident before age
encounters a situation based on
three, that adversely affects a child’s
external factors.
educational performance. Other
characteristics often associated with
Example:
autism are engaging in repetitive activities
and stereotyped movements, resistance
A man with paralysis used a
to environmental change or change in
wheelchair because he lost the
daily routines, and unusual responses to
functions of his legs but could not
sensory experiences. The term autism
enter a building without any ramp.
does no apply if the child’s educational
performance is adversely affected
Individuals with
primarily because the child has an
Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
emotional disturbance. A child who shows
= is the federal law that
the characteristics of autism after age 3
supports special education and
could be diagnosed as having autism if the
related service programming for
criteria above are satisfied.
children and youth with
disabilities. 2. Deaf-Blindness

❑1975-1990 = known as
the Education for All Handicapped = means concomitant [simultaneous]
Children Act (EHA / EACHA) hearing and visual impairments, the
→used the word: combination of which causes such severe
HANDICAP communication and other developmental
and educational needs that they cannot
❑1990 = changed the be accommodated in special education
name to IDEA programs solely for children with deafness
→changed to: DISABILITY or children with blindness.
3. Deafness
❑2004 = revised to
Individuals with Disabilities
Improvement = means a hearing impairment so severe
Education Act (maintaining that a child is impaired in processing
the acronym IDEA ‘til present) linguistic information through hearing,
with or without amplification, that
adversely affects a child's educational
13 CATEGORIES OF DISABILITY performance.
(served by IDEA)
4. Emotional Disturbance
1.Autism
 7. Multiple Disabilities
= means a condition exhibiting one or
more of the following characteristics over
= means concomitant [simultaneous]
a long period of time and to a marked
impairments (such as intellectual
degree that adversely affects a child’s
disability-blindness, intellectual disability-
educational performance: (a) An inability
orthopedic impairment), the combination
to learn that cannot be explained by
of which causes such severe educational
intellectual, sensory, or health factors. (b)
needs that they cannot be accommodated
An inability to build or maintain
in special education programs solely for
satisfactory interpersonal relationship
one of the impairments. The term does
with peers and teachers.(c)Inappropriate
not include deaf-blindness.
types of behaviour or feelings under
normal circumstances.(d)A general 8. Orthopedic Impairment
pervasive mood of unhappiness or
= means a severe orthopedic impairment
depression. (e) A tendency to develop
that adversely affects a child’s educational
physical
performance. The term includes
impairments caused by a congenital
anomaly, impairments caused by disease
5. Hearing Impairment
(e.g., poliomyelitis, bone tuberculosis),
and impairments from other causes (e.g.,
cerebral palsy, amputations, and fractures
= means an impairment in hearing,
or burns that cause contractures).
whether permanent or fluctuating, that
adversely affects a child’s educational 9. Other Health Impairment
performance but is not included under the
= means having limited strength, vitality,
definition of “deafness.” Symptoms or
or alertness, including a heightened
fears associated with personal or school
alertness to environmental stimuli, that
problems. The term includes
results in limited alertness with respect to
schizophrenia. The term does not apply to
the educational environment, that—(a) is
children who are socially maladjusted,
due to chronic or acute health problems
unless it is determined that they have an
such as asthma, attention deficit disorder
emotional disturbance.
or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,
6. Intellectual Disability diabetes, epilepsy, a heart condition,
hemophilia, lead poisoning, leukemia,
nephritis, rheumatic fever, sickle cell
= means significantly sub-average general anemia, and Tourette syndrome; and (b)
intellectual functioning, existing adversely affects a child’s educational
concurrently [at the same time] with performance.
deficits in adaptive behavior and
10. Specific Learning Disability
manifested during the developmental
period, that adversely affects a child’s
educational performance.
= means a disorder in one or more of the information processing; and speech. The
basic psychological processes involved in term does not apply to brain injuries that
understanding or in using language, are congenital or degenerative, or to brain
spoken or written, that may manifest itself injuries induced by birth trauma.
in the imperfect ability to listen, think,
13. Visual Impairment Including
speak, read, write, spell, or to do
Blindness
mathematical calculations. The term
includes such conditions as perceptual
disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain
= means an impairment in vision that,
dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental
even with correction, adversely affects a
aphasia. The term does not include
child’s educational performance. The term
learning problems that are primarily the
includes both partial sight and blindness.
result of visual, hearing, or motor
disabilities; of intellectual disability; of
emotional disturbance; or of
environmental, cultural, or economic
disadvantage.

11. Speech or Language Impairment

= means a communication disorder such

as stuttering, impaired articulation, a
language impairment, or a voice
impairment that adversely affects a child’s
educational performance.
12. Traumatic Brain Injury
= means an acquired injury to the brain
caused by an external physical force,
resulting in total or partial functional
disability or psychosocial impairment, or
both, that adversely affects a child's
educational performance. The term
applies to open or closed head injuries
resulting in impairments in one or more
areas, such as cognition; language;
memory; attention; reasoning; abstract
thinking; judgment; problem solving;
sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities;
psychosocial behavior; physical functions;
 DEAF-BLINDNESS

CAUSES OF DEAF-BLINDNESS Signs of deaf-blindness Deaf-Blindness

Aging and exposure to loud noise  NEEDING TO TURN UP "Deaf-blind describes any
THE VOLUME ON THE combined hearing and vision
May cause wear and tear on the TELEVISION OR RADIO. loss that significantly limits
hairs or nerve cells in the cochlea children's ability to get
that send sound signals to the  DIFFICULTY FOLLOWING information from people and
brain. When these hairs or nerve A CONVERSATION. objects around them.
cells are damaged or missing,
electrical signals aren't  NOT HEARING NOISES National Definition of Deaf-
transmitted as efficiently, and SUCH AS A KNOCK AT Blindness
hearing loss occurs THE DOOR ASKING
OTHERS TO SPEAK Deaf-blindness means
Usher Syndrome LOUDLY, SLOWLY AND concomitant hearing and
MORE CLEARLY. visual impairments, the
Usher syndrome is a rare genetic combination of which causes
disease that affects both hearing  NEEDING TO HOLD such severe communication
and vision. It causes deafness or BOOKS OR NEWSPAPERS and other developmental and
hearing loss and an eye disease VERY CLOSE, OR SITTING educational needs that they
called retinitis pigmentosa (RP). CLOSE TO THE cannot be accommodated in
Sometimes, it also causes TELEVISION special education programs
problems with balance. solely for children with
SYMPTOMS OF DEAF- deafness or children with
Congenital Rubella Syndrome BLINDNESS bindness 34 CFR 3008 (c)
(2)
Occurs when a woman contracts A PERSON WHO'S
rubella, or German measles, DEAFBLIND WON'T USUALLY DE Does DeafBlind mean
during the first trimester of her TOTALLY DEAF AND TOTALLY completely blind and
pregnancy and passes it on to the BLIND, BUT BOTH SENSES WILL completely deaf?
developing fetus, cousing the BE REDUCED ENOUGH TO
child to be born deaf, blind, with CAUSE DIFFICULTIES WITH NO. It is common for people
cordiao problems, developmental EVERYDAY ACTIVITIES who are DeafBind to have
delays. and other medical some residual hearing and/or
conditions. THE HEARING OR VISION vision
PROBLEMS MAY BE PRESENT
FROM BIRTH, BUT IN MANY Deaf Blindness is a
CASES ONE OR BOTH PROBLEMS combination of vision loss
DEVELOP GRADUALLY AS A and hearing loss that
PERSON GETS OLDER AND THEY prevents access to
MAY NOT NOTICE IT AT FIRST. communication, the
environment, and people. A
person who is DeafBlind may
or may not have other
 physical or cognitive(mental)
disabilities (each is different)
Deafblindness is a combination of Hereditary causes  Working to develop
sight and hearing loss that affects Deafness in children may arise active foundations for
a person's ability to from heredity or genetic factors. communication
communicate, access information  Using signals, gestures
and get around. Emotional or Psychological or physical objects
Factors  Establishing concepts
A deafblind person won't usually Some people may appear to Signs and Symptoms
be totally deaf and totally-blind, have a less hearing when there
but both senses will be reduced is no physical explanation for it DEAF BLINDNESS
enough to cause significant
difficulties in everyday life. Blindness needing to turn up the
volume on the television or
It's also sometimes called "dual Age radio
sensory loss" or "multi-sensory Related macular degeneration is
impairment" an eye diseases that can blue difficulty following a
your central vision conversation not hearing
Deaf- "Blindness Causes noises such as a knock at the
Contaract door
Deaf Causes blindness, accounting for
50% of blindness worldwide asking others to speak loudly,
Ageing slowly and more clearly
The most common causes of Diabetic
Cearness Arbunt 1/3 of the When high blood sugar needing to hold books or
population between the ages of damages blood vessels in the newspapers very close, or
60-70 years have become deat retina a light sensitive layer of sitting close to the television
cells in the back of eye).
Infections and Viruses difficulty moving around
Infaction of both the outer and Glaucoma unfamiliar places
middle ear can lead to a loss of By damaging a nerve in the back
heating such a swimming in dirty of your eye called the optic
wate nerve

Drugs Teaching Strategies

Occasionally drugs use to treat DEAF-BLIND LEARNERS
infections can cause
 Patience, respect, and a
Noise Damage willingness to find a way
To damage of the hair cell in the to communicate are
cachtea, leading to sensorineural your best tools.
deafness.  When you approach a
person with deaf-
Accident blindness, identify
Head injures and perfomed yourself and speak
eardrums can cause deafness. directly to them.
gitapol