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Chapter 5 Work, Energy, and Power

The document summarizes concepts related to work, energy, and power. It defines work as the energy transferred by a force acting along a displacement. The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed between different forms. Power is defined as the rate of energy transfer over time. Gravitational potential energy is defined as the energy an object possesses due to its position in a gravitational field, while kinetic energy is the energy due to an object's motion and velocity.

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Lakhan Vaishnav
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345 views3 pages

Chapter 5 Work, Energy, and Power

The document summarizes concepts related to work, energy, and power. It defines work as the energy transferred by a force acting along a displacement. The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed between different forms. Power is defined as the rate of energy transfer over time. Gravitational potential energy is defined as the energy an object possesses due to its position in a gravitational field, while kinetic energy is the energy due to an object's motion and velocity.

Uploaded by

Lakhan Vaishnav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 5 Work, energy, and power

5.1 Energy conservation

• In physics, work (W) is the energy transferred to or from an object through the application
of force (F) along a displacement (d)

𝑊 = 𝐹 ×𝑑
• The SI units for work is in Joules
• The principle of conservation of energy states that energy is neither created nor destroyed.
But may transform from one type to another.
• E.g. work can be transformed to heat (friction!), electric to light.
• Not all energy transferred is useful. E.g. when transferring electric to light, some energy is
wasted in the form of heat!
• Efficiency is the ratio of useful energy output from the system to the total energy input

𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
𝜂=
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡

• Power is the amount of energy (E), transferred per unit time

𝐸
𝑃=
𝑡

• The SI units for work is in Watt or Joules/ second.


• Moving power is defined by the equation

𝑃 =𝐹×𝑣

• This equation is used when a force is moving a body at a constant velocity


• Below is how you derive the equation

𝐸
𝑃=
𝑡
Substitute E with

𝑊 = 𝐹 ×𝑑

𝐹 ×𝑑
𝑃=
𝑡

Recall d/t is velocity (Chapter 1). Therefore

𝑷 = 𝑭×𝒗

5.2 Gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy

• The change in Gravitational potential energy (∆E) is the energy stored in a mass (m) relative
to its position in a gravitational field (∆h)

𝛥𝐸 = 𝑚𝑔𝛥ℎ

Derivation
• Kinetic energy (KE) is the energy an object possesses due to its velocity.

1
𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2

Derivation

Start with

𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑑
(Chapter 1)

Assume initial velocity is 0 (u = 0) and rearranging

𝑣2
𝑎=
2𝑑

Recall F = ma (Chapter 2)

Substituting

𝑣2
𝐹 = 𝑚( )
2𝑑
and finally, into the work equation

W = Fd

We have

𝑣2
𝑊 = 𝑚( )𝑑
2𝑑
Therefore

𝑣2
𝑊 = 𝑚( )
2
Or

𝟏
𝑲𝑬 = 𝒎𝒗𝟐
𝟐

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