Resource Report - Mamahak Coal Project

Long Bagun District, Kutai Barat Regency, East Kalimantan - Indonesia

26 March 2009
Prepared For :

SouthGobi Energy Resources Ltd

Mark Manners Bsc (Geology, MAusIMM) - 19 January 2009

Resource Report – Mamahak Coal Project PT Multi Mamahak Batubara

CONTENTS
Page No.

SUMMARY................................................................................................................. 1
1. INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE .......................................... 6
2. DISCLAIMER .................................................................................................. 7
3. PROPERTY LOCATION, OWNERSHIP, PERMITTING AND REGULATORY
REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................ 8
3.1 LOCATION ........................................................................................................... 8
3.2 OWNERSHIP ........................................................................................................ 9
3.3 PERMITTING ........................................................................................................ 9
3.4 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................... 9
4. ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES, INFRASTRUCTURE,
AND PHYSIOGRAPHY ................................................................................. 11
5. HISTORY....................................................................................................... 12
6. GEOLOGICAL SETTING .............................................................................. 13
6.1 LOCAL GEOLOGY............................................................................................. 13
6.2 LOCAL STRUCTURE......................................................................................... 14
7. DEPOSIT TYPE............................................................................................. 15
8. MINERALISATION........................................................................................ 16
8.1 QA: ALLUVIUM .................................................................................................. 17
8.2 TMQM: MENTULANG VOLCANICS .................................................................. 17
8.3 TPKB: KAMPUNGBARU FORMATION............................................................. 18
8.4 TMBP: BALIKPAPAN FORMATION.................................................................. 18
8.5 TOMA: ATAN INTRUSIVE ROCKS ................................................................... 18
8.6 TOMW: WAHAU FORMATION .......................................................................... 18
8.7 TEA: BATU AYAU FORMATION ....................................................................... 19
8.8 TEM: MARAH FORMATION .............................................................................. 19
8.9 TEK: BATU KELAU FORMATION..................................................................... 19
8.10 HE: HALOQ FORMATION ................................................................................. 20
8.11 TMBP: PULAU BALANG FORMATION ............................................................ 20
9. EXPLORATION............................................................................................. 22
9.1 DRILLING ........................................................................................................... 22
9.2 SURVEY ............................................................................................................. 22
9.3 GEOPHYSICAL LOGGING ................................................................................ 22
10. SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH ..................................................... 23
11. SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSIS AND SECURITY............................. 25
12. DATA VERIFICATION .................................................................................. 29
13. ADJACENT PROPERTIES ........................................................................... 30
14. MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING..................... 31
15. MINERAL RESOURCE AND MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES................ 32
15.1 APPROACH ....................................................................................................... 32
15.2 COAL RESOURCE ESTIMATION...................................................................... 34
15.2.1 Database Integrity................................................................................. 34
15.2.2 Geological Interpretation...................................................................... 34
15.2.3 Dimensions............................................................................................ 36

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15.2.4 Moisture Basis ...................................................................................... 43

15.2.5 Cut off Parameters ................................................................................ 43
15.2.6 Resource Classification ....................................................................... 43
15.3 RESOURCES ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY ................................................. 43
15.3.1 Geological Model .................................................................................. 43
15.3.2 Borehole Data........................................................................................ 44
15.3.3 Topography ........................................................................................... 44
15.3.4 Base of Weathering............................................................................... 45
15.3.5 Seam Modelling..................................................................................... 45
15.3.6 Quality Modelling .................................................................................. 50
16. OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION ........................................ 51
17. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................... 52
18. REFERENCES .............................................................................................. 61
19. RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................. 61
20. CERTIFICATIONS......................................................................................... 62
20.1 TENURE ............................................................................................................. 62
20.2 QUALIFIED PERSON CERTIFICATION ............................................................ 63
21. ILLUSTRATIONS .......................................................................................... 65

TABLES
Page No.

Table 1 – Average Rainfall (mm) and Rainy Days for the Kutai Barat Regent in Last 5
Years .......................................................................................................................................... 11
Table 2 – SW and E Block Drilling History .............................................................................. 12
Table 3 – E Block Coal Quality Summary................................................................................ 25
Table 4 – SW Block Coal Quality Data..................................................................................... 25
Table 5 – E Block Local Stratigraphy ...................................................................................... 35
Table 6 – SW Block Local Stratigraphy ................................................................................... 35
Table 7 – E Block Seam Thicknesses...................................................................................... 35
Table 8 – SW Block Seam Thicknesses .................................................................................. 35
Table 9 – Summary of the SW and E Block Extents and Seams Intersected....................... 36
Table 10 – Resource Classifications ....................................................................................... 43
Table 11 – Topographical Surface to Collar Discrepancies Greater than 2m (E Block)...... 44
Table 12 – Topographical Surface to Collar Discrepancies Greater than 2m (SW Block) .. 44
Table 13 – E Block Resources.................................................................................................. 52
Table 14 – SW Block Resources............................................................................................... 53

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FIGURES
Page No.

Figure 1 – Mamahak Coal Project Location .............................................................................. 3

Figure 2 – Mamahak Coal Mining Project Area General Location .......................................... 4
Figure 3 – SW & E Block Areas (Borehole Locations) ............................................................. 5
Figure 4 – Geological Formation of the East Kutai Basin...................................................... 13
Figure 5 – Generalised Stratigraphic Column of the Project Area........................................ 17
Figure 6 – Sedimentary Formations of the Mamahak Project ............................................... 21
Figure 7 – Sampling Procedure for Unsplit Intervals ............................................................. 23
Figure 8 – Sample Techniques for Split Seam Intervals ........................................................ 24
Figure 9 – Mamahak Coal Mining Sampling Process............................................................. 27
Figure 10 – Ash Vs Calorific Value (ADB) Histogram - All Seams - Block E ........................ 28
Figure 11 – North - South Cross Section - Block E ................................................................ 37
Figure 12 – East - West Cross Section - Block E.................................................................... 38
Figure 13 – Cross Section Location Plan - Block E ............................................................... 39
Figure 14 – North - South Cross Section - Block SW............................................................. 40
Figure 15 – East - West Cross Section - Block SW ................................................................ 41
Figure 16 – Cross Section Location Plan - Block SW ............................................................ 42
Figure 17 – Seam 10L Seam Floor Contour - Block E ............................................................ 46
Figure 18 – SW_C Seam Floor Contour - Block SW ............................................................... 47
Figure 19 – Seam 13 Seam Thickness Contours - Block E.................................................... 48
Figure 20 – SW_C Seam Thickness Contour - Block SW ...................................................... 49
Figure 21 – Seam 10U Resource Polygon - Block E .............................................................. 54
Figure 22 – Seam 10L Resource Polygon - Block E............................................................... 55
Figure 23 – Seam 11U & 11L Resource Polygon - Block E.................................................... 56
Figure 24 – Seam 12 Resource Polygon - Block E ................................................................. 57
Figure 25 – Seam 13 Resource Polygon - Block E ................................................................. 58
Figure 26 – Seam 14 Resource Polygon - Block E ................................................................. 59
Figure 27 – Seam 15 Resource Polygon - Block E ................................................................. 60
Figure 28 – Seam 10U Thickness Histogram - Block E.......................................................... 66
Figure 29 – Seam 10L Thickness Histogram - Block E .......................................................... 67
Figure 30 – Seam 11U Thickness Histogram - Block E.......................................................... 68
Figure 31 – Seam 11L Thickness Histogram - Block E .......................................................... 69
Figure 32 – Seam 12 Thickness Histogram - Block E ............................................................ 70
Figure 33 – Seam 13 Thickness Histogram - Block E ............................................................ 71
Figure 34 – Seam 14 Thickness Histogram - Block E ............................................................ 72
Figure 35 – Seam 15 Thickness Histogram - Block E ............................................................ 73
Figure 36 – Seam SW_E Thickness Histogram - Block SW................................................... 74
Figure 37 – Seam SW_D Thickness Histogram - Block SW................................................... 75
Figure 38 – Seam SW_C Thickness Histogram - Block SW................................................... 76
Figure 39 – Seam SW_B Thickness Histogram - Block SW................................................... 77

APPENDIX

Appendix 1 – PT Geoservices LTD Bulk Sample Analysis Results

Appendix 2 – Results of Collar Surveying

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SUMMARY
The following report was prepared by Mark Manners of PT SMG Consultants (PT SMGC) for
SouthGobi Energy Resources. PT Mamahak Coal Mining area contains the SW and E Blocks
located in the Long Bagun District, Kutai Barat Regency, East Kalimantan Province (see Figure
1). This report predominantly addresses the geology, quality, history and coal resources of the
SW Block and the E Blocks 1, 2 & 3.
The general area has been explored and mapped on four separate occasions, twice for coal,
once for petroleum and once to help establish a regional stratigraphy. However none of this prior
exploration involved localised drilling and sampling of the four blocks as conducted and ongoing
by PT Mamahak Coal Mining. As seen in Figure 3 the four blocks have been divided into a SW
Block and an E Block (consisting of E Block 1, 2 & 3). Exploration of both the SW Block and the
E Block is yet to be completed and hence this report is limited to data supplied by PT Mamahak
Coal Mining as of the 5th November 2008. Exploration prior to PT SMGC’s involvement had
been sporadic with drilling only undertaken in areas where tracks or roads allowed easy access.
Drilling was also in general very shallow making it difficult to determine a complete stratigraphic
sequence for the local area. Recent drilling at planned intervals and depths has allowed for the
E Block to be covered predominantly to a JORC (Joint Ore Reserves Committee) compliant
measured and indicated status. The SW block only contains inferred resources, this is due to a
current shortage of quality data for this area. Future drilling and sampling as proposed by PT
SMGC should allow for both blocks to be covered to a JORC compliant measured and indicated
status.
The geological sources of information used in this report are from previous reports and
exploration data as input into a Minex geological database. The author of this report is a qualified
senior coal exploration geologist, and has observed exploration activities onsite.
The SW and E Blocks are located approximately at a latitude 326100E and longitude of 50300N.
The surrounding area features a moderately undulating morphology. Elevation ranges from 480m
to 611m meters above sea level with moderately to steeply dipping slopes.
Coal from the Mamahak Coal Mining concession began forming in the early Miocene as a part of
the wider Kutai Basin. Coal seams of the region bearing metallurgical properties are know to
range up to 2m in thickness.
Based on the analysed samples taken to date it is known that the coals from Mamahak Coal
Mining concession are high energy, relatively low ash, low moisture and moderate to high
sulphur. Qualities are tabulated on block by block and seam by seam basis in this report.
Recent bulk sampling and petrographic analysis completed by PT Geoservices reveals high
fluidity values and a reactives percentage of over 95%. The results of this testing can be seen in
detail in Appendix 1.
A resource comprising 4.96Mt measured, 7.3Mt indicated and 2.66Mt inferred resources has
been estimated for the E block and a resource of 2.61Mt has been estimated for the SW Block
comprising 2.61Mt inferred resources. The average quality values for the E and SW Blocks can
be seen below.
E Block All Seams TM IM Ash VM FC TS CV_ADB CV_DAF RD CSN HGI
Average 3.2 1.7 9.6 40.5 48.2 1.53 7453 8402 1.31 4.5 50

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SW Block All Seams TM IM ASH VM FC SUL CV_AD CV_DAF RD CSN HGI

Average 5.6 1.9 6.3 42.2 49.7 1.65 7746 8433 1.27 3.5 50

Resources stated in this report have been calculated to JORC standards, which in relation to this
deposit classify the same measured, indicated and inferred resource areas as the National
Instrument 43-101. Resource estimates contained in this report are as of January 19, 2009 and
are based on data gathered up to November 5, 2008.

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 115°0'0"E 115°30'0"E 116°0'0"E 116°30'0"E 117°0'0"E

Long Bahangai Muara Marah LEGEND :

Long Deho
Village

Kasu River
Batu Ampar
Road
KP Area Long Nah
Gemar Baru
Shoreline
Tabang Bewiti
Long Bangun Lake
Ujoh Bitang
0°30'0"N

0°30'0"N
MCM KP Area (5,011 ha)
Muara AncalungMuara Bengkal
Tanjung Belatung Muara Ritan
Laham
Senyiur
Muara Ratah
Long Beleh

Tasang Butung Menamang Kanan

Data Bilang

Danum Parei Kembang Janggut Sedulang

Sideman

Long Daliq Lamin Pulut

0°0'0"

0°0'0"
Longiram Kahala

Bangun Sari Muara Kaman

10 5 0 10 20 30
Muhuran KM
Barong TongkokMelak 1:1,000,000
Sembara
Kota Bangun

Selerong Ambalut
Muara Muntai Mara Badak
Panyinggahan INDEX MAP
Tenggarong

Tanjung Bana Damai Jongkang

0°30'0"S

0°30'0"S
Lambing Samarinda
Tanjung Isuy Loahkulu
Mantalat Bangkanai Muara Kedang Sungai Mariam !
Nunukan
Map Location Tarakan
!
Tanjung Selor
Muara Tuhup Jonggon !
Tanjungredeb
!

Sanga Sanga Sambas

!

Mountong
!
Pontianak
! !
" Sangau Samarinda
Puruk Cahu !"
! ! Palu Luwuk
Muara Inu Sungaitiram !
"
Muara Teweh
Balikpapan "
POSO "
!

Palangkaraya
!
Pangkalanbun"Tanjung!!Amuntai Mamuju
! !
!
Muara Lahai Banjarmasin
! ! !
" !Martapura Majene
Pelaihari ! !
Kendari
!
Enrekang!Pinrang !

Muara Dan Watampone

!
UJUNGPANDANG
!
Muara Teweh !
"!

Sabuh Sigagu
1°0'0"S

1°0'0"S
MAMAHAK COAL PROJECT
Sungai Seluang
Mentawir LONG BAGUN DISTRICT
Sampirang KUTAI BARAT REGION
KALIMANTAN TIMUR
Muarabutung

:
Tapin

Sepinggan
Manggar
Panajam
Balikpapan
10 5 0 10 20 30
KM

Waru 1:1,000,000

KP LOCATION MAP
115°0'0"E 115°30'0"E 116°0'0"E 116°30'0"E 117°0'0"E
Resource Report – Mamahak Coal Project PT Multi Mamahak Batubara

1. INTRODUCTION AND TERMS OF REFERENCE

PT SMG Consultants Pty Ltd is an independent technical consulting firm providing geological,
resource evaluation, mining engineering and mine valuation services to the mineral extraction
and financial services industries world wide. Information relative to qualifications, experiences
and site visits of the signatory of this report is provided in the Certifications section of this report.
PT SMGC was engaged by PT Multi Mamahak Batubara an affiliate of SouthGobi Energy
Resources Ltd. to technically manage exploration of the SW and E Block at the Mamahak Coal
Mining KP (Mamahak Project). This exploration was then to be analysed and reported on in a
manner compliant with NI 43-101. The purpose of this technical report is to provide a NI 43-101
compliant resource estimate for the Mamahak Project.

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2. DISCLAIMER
The resource estimate has been prepared in accordance with the ‘JORC code’ by PT SMGC,
however the technical report is NI 43-101 compliant.
All information contained within this Report has been prepared on the basis of present
knowledge and assumptions. Geological and coal quality information used in the preparation of
the resources was provided by third parties according to standard operating procedures prepared
by SMGC. SMGC undertook random audits of adherence to SOP and detected no significant
deviation other than those disclosed elsewhere in this report.
The estimate of the Mamahak resources has been calculated and reviewed by Mr. Manners, a
Competent Person in accordance with the requirements of the 2004 Australasian Code for
Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (the JORC Code). Mr Manners is a qualified
person as defined by NI 43-101, for details of his qualifications refer to section 19.2 of this report.
The Resources comply with all of the major requirements of the JORC Code, with the following
qualifications:

ƒ Resources are current as of January 19, 2009 and are based on data acquired up to
November 5, 2008,
ƒ the Resource model and estimations were developed using the MINEX geological and
mine planning software system, a worldwide industry proven system used primarily for coal
mining operations,
ƒ the modelling algorithms available for generating the geological model in the MINEX
system, includes growth technique. The grid mesh size used for modelling the geology at
Mamahak is 15 metres,
ƒ the Resources were calculated using the Resource Estimation tools in the MINEX software
system. This tool has been used extensively and proven to be reasonably accurate when
compared to manual estimations of Resources,
ƒ acquisition of geological data from drilling activities has been conducted professionally and
accurately accordance with the principles and definitions of the JORC Code. The sampling
and logging procedure on the drilling program has been conducted under supervision by
PT Mamahak Coal Mining personnel, and
ƒ Resources are based upon true relative density estimates derived from laboratory analysis.
The tonnage is based on the air dried Relative Density (RD).
Opinions presented in this report apply to the conditions and features as noted in the
documentation, and those reasonably foreseeable. These opinions cannot necessarily apply to
conditions and features that may arise after the date of this report, about which PT SMGC have
had no prior knowledge nor had the opportunity to evaluate.
SMGC makes no warranty or representation to SouthGobi Energy Resources or third parties
(express or implied) in respect of the report, particularly with regard to:

ƒ any commercial investment decision made on the basis of the report,

ƒ the use to which this report is applied by the client or third parties,
ƒ the report speaks only as of the date herein and SMGC has no responsibility to update this
report,
ƒ the report is integral and must be read in its entirety, and
ƒ this Disclaimer must accompany every copy of this report.

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Resource Report – Mamahak Coal Project PT Multi Mamahak Batubara

3. PROPERTY LOCATION, OWNERSHIP, PERMITTING AND

REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

3.1 LOCATION
The area covered by a KP exploitasi held by PT Mamahak Coal Mining (“MCM KP”) is one of 4
KP areas (See below) being evaluated by SouthGobi Energy Resources through its affiliate
companies and third party partners in what is referred to as the Mamahak Joint Venture. The
boundaries of the KP areas were based on covering coal outcrops and favourably dipping strata
from limited reconnaissance mapping programs in the Haloq Formation. These KP areas are
identified on the following illustration which also defines their current size and development
status as defined by the local government of the Kutai Barat Regency of East Kalimantan.

Note: Resources listed in this

report (SW & E Blocks) are
located in the MCM KP

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3.2 OWNERSHIP

Area
KP Name Status Date Term
(HA)

MCM 4,986 PT Mamahak Exploitation July 31, 2008 5 Years initial

(covers the SW Coal Mining Mining term
& E Blocks in Permit renewable on
this report) Granted application
BKL 7,000 PT Bara Kara Exploration August 20, 2008 Annual
Lestari
MEL 5,002 PT Mahakam Exploration November 14, Annual
Energi Lestari 2008

MBE 5,970 PT Mahakam Exploration October 7, 2008 Annual

Bara Energi

TOTAL 22,968

SouthGobi Energy Resources holds an 85% interest in the Mamahak Project through a Joint
Venture with Score Resources Ltd. The Mamahak Project KPs are held directly by Indonesian
companies referenced in the table above. SouthGobi Energy Resources, through its Indonesian
based joint venture subsidiary, PT Multi Mamahak Batubara (PT MMB), has signed
comprehensive agreements granting PT MMB exclusive rights to develop, mine and sell the coal
from the Mamahak Project. At present, SouthGobi Energy Resources may acquire the remaining
15% on completion of mining the initial 150,000 tonnes from the project.
The structure through which SouthGobi Energy Resources holds its interest in the Mamahak
Project is typical for foreign companies conducting mining operations in Indonesia. Prior to
January 2009, Indonesian Laws and Regulations related to mining stipulated that the only legal
entities that can hold KPs are those whose capital is owned entirely by Indonesian citizens or
parties of Indonesian origin. In January 2009, a new law regarding mineral and coal mining was
enacted which replaced the previous regime. This new Indonesian law now forms the basic
framework for the mining regime in Indonesia and contemplates direct foreign ownership of
mining licenses. The exact implementation of the new Indonesian mining law remains uncertain
until further implementing regulations are issued by the Indonesian Government. SouthGobi
Energy Resources is considering the possibility of acquiring shares in the Indonesian companies
holding the KPs in order to have direct control over mining licenses and authorizations in
Indonesia.

3.3 PERMITTING
An Ijin Lokasi permit for the SW Surface Mine on the MCM KP was recently received from the
local Government of Kutai Barat Regency and allows for mining to commence from the SW
Block. There are no permits still pending to allow the company to export coal from the project.
Compensation of local owners for land required for pit areas, haul roads and the river terminal
has been completed such that road and port construction is underway and initial contract mining
equipment is being mobilized. Land compensation is undertaken by the Companies Public affairs

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team based in Melak downstream from the project site, land compensation is based on a rate
schedule established by the Kutai Barat Regency.
The Company / PT MMB is planning to commence delivering trial cargos to Asian Steel mills in
the 1st Half of 2009

3.4 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

The development of coal resources in Indonesia consists of obtaining approval from local
government for 3 progressive stages of development status
1. PU Stage Obtain approval for reconnaissance mapping activity

2. Explorasi Stage Obtain approval for more detailed exploration work comprising drilling,
sampling , bulk sampling etc based on reporting finding from the PU Stage

3. Exploitasi Stage Obtain approval in principal to undertake a coal mine development

based on reporting finding from the explorasi stage, the completion and submission of
an Environmental Impact Statement and are subject to obtaining various specific
approvals to commence mine operations

KP’s at the Explorasi Stage are subject to an annual renewal fee referred to as “dead
rent” which escalates from 2,000 IDR per hectare in year 1, 2,500 IDR per hectare in
year 2 and 3,000 IDR per hectare in year 3 (Note exchange rates vary however
approximately 10,000 IDR was equivalent to US $1.00 during January 2009)
4. Mining Stage Coal mine operations will be subject to a production royalty of 7% of the
sale value of all coal produced. Local Government inspections of the mine operation will
take place to ensure the operation is compliant with Indonesian Safety and
Environmental Standards

Environmental obligations including reclamation bonding and the companies’ plans for
reclamation have been approved by the local government as part of the mine approval process;
35,000,000 IDR is to be posted for each Ha of land to be disturbed during mine operations. The
projects topography and geologic structure will allow for minimized waste dump areas by
designing in pit waste dumping which will also minimize haul costs.
A new mining law for Indonesia was approved in January 2009, which will require the
enactment of any new mining regulations prior to any change being made to the existing
legislative process for mine development. It is widely understood that the enactment of new
regulations will take at least 1 year to be put in place, in the interim the company will continue its
current project development plans. Once of the primary purposes of the new mining law is to
allow for direct foreign ownership of KPs in the future as a means of promoting foreign
investment in the country.

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4. ACCESSIBILITY, CLIMATE, LOCAL RESOURCES,

INFRASTRUCTURE, AND PHYSIOGRAPHY
The PT Mamahak Coal Mining concession is located at approximate latitude of 50300N and
longitude of 326100E. Access to the Mamahak Project is usually by plane from Jakarta to
Balikpapan connecting from Balikpapan to Samarinda and then by vehicle for 7 to 8 hours to the
Mahakam River. Transport from Samarinda to Mamahak takes approximately 10 hours. The
Mamahak Project area is on the eastern side of the Mahakam River and close to the Mamahak
Village. Access roads within the Mamahak Project are generally of low quality.
The climate in Kutai Barat Regency is typically defined as an ‘equatorial tropical humid climate’.
The average rainfall for the last 5 years can be seen in Table 1 and was sourced from ‘Perda
Kabupaten Kutai Barat No. 12, Tahun 2002, Program Pemba’. The dry season is defined as
May - June until October and alternates only with the wet season, which occurs for approximately
6 months of the year.
Table 1 – Average Rainfall (mm) and Rainy Days for the Kutai Barat Regent in Last 5 Years
Information Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Average rain
228 224 220 230 212 142 134 122 126 219 226 215
(mm)
Rainy days 12 13 12 11 10 8 8 7 7 10 11 10

The minimum temperature for the region is 21◦C and the maximum 34◦C, a range of only 13◦C.
Generally the cooler months occur from October to January and warmer months from July to
August. For coal operations in the Kutai Barat Regency PT SMGC engineers typically allow for
1300 hours of downtime per year.
Established resources in the area are logging and limited private farming. Land compensation
for both mining areas and infrastructure (roads and terminals) have been successfully obtained
according to established land compensation guidelines established by the Regency government.
Future mine development will rely on the Mahakam River and various rivers throughout the
property for water and local diesel generators for all project power.
The use of Mining contractors coupled with the presence of nearby villages is expected to
provide both skilled and unskilled labour to the project. The availability and suitability of future
land for project development are not considered to be constraints for this project.
The physiography of the 2 resource areas covered in this report are described as gently rolling
hills ranging from 125 metres in elevation to 500 metres in elevation, many areas have been
previously logged.

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5. HISTORY
The general area (Kutai Barat) has been explored and mapped on four separate occasions, twice
for coal, once for petroleum and once to help establish a regional stratigraphy. However none of
this prior exploration involved localised drilling and sampling of the four blocks as conducted and
ongoing by PT Mamahak Coal Mining. A seen in Figure 3, the four blocks have been divided into
a SW Block and the E Block (consisting of three smaller blocks). Exploration at both the SW
Block and the E Block is yet to be completed and hence this report is limited to data supplied by
PT Mamahak Coal Mining as of the 5th, November 2008.
Historical research has been completed by the following organisations/authors:

ƒ Survey Pendahuluan Batubara Daerah Longiram dan Paser by Eddy R Sumaatmaja from
Pusat Sumberdaya Geologi, Dinas Energi dan Sumberdaya Mineral, Indonesia, June
2006,
ƒ Zonasi Daerah Potensi Batubara Untuk Tambang Dalam, Propinsi Kalimantan Timur by
Fatimah, Soleh Basuki and Robert L Tobing from Subdit Batubara, Direktorat Inventarisasi
Sumberdaya Mineral Indonesia, February 14 2007,
ƒ Kutai Basin Overview by United States Geological Survey – World Petroleum Assessment
2000,
ƒ Tectonostratigraphic Correlation and Paleogeographic Reconstruction at Circum Borneo
Basin yang dilakukan Dr. Rasoul Sorkhabi, David Curtiss, M.S. dan Dr. Raymond Levey
dan disponsori oleh Konsorsium Perusahaan Minyak di Indonesia, April 2006, and
ƒ Coal Exploration by PT Mamahak Coal Mining. February 2008.
Table 2 summarises the drilling completed thus far by PT Mamahak Coal Mining at the SW and
E Blocks.
Table 2 – SW and E Block Drilling History
Drill Holes in Current Application Area
Operator Block Year Samples
Drilled Open holed Cored Meters
E 2008 130 108 22 7670.7 173 *
Multi Resources
Indonesia
SW 2008 88 84 4 3711 4*
Note:
* All samples are taken from drilling activity

No historical tonnage estimates exist for the area as it is a greenfields exploration site.
The 4 KPs comprising the Mamahak Project are owned by Indonesian nationals; no work
programs were undertaken by these owners. Ownership of the KPs was granted to the Indonesian
nationals through application to the local government of the Kutai Barat Regency of East
Kalimantan, Indonesia. Undocumented local communication suggests that limited historical
extraction of coal seams on or near the Mahakam River in the area was undertaken to fuel
‘steam powered’ river vessels. The Indonesian nationals acquired the interest in the KPs directly
from the local government of the Kutai Barat Recency of East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

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6. GEOLOGICAL SETTING
The sedimentary sequences of East Kalimantan were formed by subduction of the ‘Lempeng
Indo-Australia’ plate beneath the ‘Lempeng Pasific Barat’ plate as seen in Figure 4. The
structural setting and sedimentary processes of Kalimantan regionally depended on location
relative to the Meratus High. Based on the ‘plate tectonic concept’ of Katili (1978) and
Situmorang (1982) the East Kutai basin can be summarised as a back arc basin formed to the
east of the ‘Lempeng Indo-Australia’ plate subduction zone and the Meratus high.
Figure 4 – Geological Formation of the East Kutai Basin

6.1 LOCAL GEOLOGY

The Mamahak Project area is situated on the northern limb of a steeply dipping (~20˚ to the
south) synclinal structure plunging at approximately 2.5˚ to the east south east. A local
correlation of stratigraphy was completed by PT SMGC based on exploration data (Table 3 and
Table 4). No notable correlation of seams between the SW Block and the E Block exists. Seam
thicknesses of the concession range from 0.10m to 1.6m based solely on drilling data. The
average coal seam thickness is 0.45m for the SW Block and 0.46m for the E Block. The coal is
black, semi bright to dull, brittle but hard, dark brown streak, sub conchoidal, low-medium cleat,
with a high vitrinite content.

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6.2 LOCAL STRUCTURE

Based upon existing geological mapping and a review of field interpretation, Bueno Persada
Mining Services (BPMS) considers the PT Mamahak Coal Mining KP to be structurally complex.
They have summarised the area as showing “an anticline - syncline structure with the fold axis
trending northeast to southwest… the area is also extensively faulted. Both normal and reverse
faults have been observed in field mapping surveys”. Block boundaries within the KP were
determined by BPMS based on correlatable areas considered to be relatively free of large/
distinctive structural features. This information has been confirmed with geological grids
generated in Minex software showing only possible small scale faulting (Figure 23 and Figure
24).

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7. DEPOSIT TYPE
The definition of “Deposit Type” for coal properties is different from that applied to other types of
geological deposits. Criteria applied to coal deposits for the purposes of determination of coal
resources and reserves include both “Geology Type” as well as “Deposit Type”. For coal
deposits this is an important concept because the classification of a coal deposit as a particular
type determines the range of limiting criteria that may be applied during the estimation of
Reserves and Resources.
“Geology Type” for coal deposits is a parameter that is specified in Geological Survey of Canada
Paper 88-21, which is a reference for coal deposits as specified in NI 43-101. Coal “Geology
Type” is a definition of the amount of geological complexity, usually imposed by the structural
complexity of the area, and the classification of a coal deposit by “Geology Type” determines the
approach to be used for the Resource/Reserve estimation methodology and the limits to be
applied to certain key estimation criteria. The identification of a particular geology type for a coal
property defines the confidence that can be placed in the extrapolation of data values away from
a particular point of reference.
The classification scheme of GSC Paper 88-21 is similar to many other international coal reserve
classification systems but it has one significant difference. This system is designed to
accommodate differences in the degree of tectonic deformation of different coal deposits in
Canada. Four classes are provided for that range from the first, which is for deposits of the
Plains type with low tectonic disturbance, to the fourth which is for Rocky Mountains type
deposits such as that of Byron Creek, which is classed as “severe”. The third class is referred to
as “complex”; the steeply dipping and moderately faulted strata of the Sage Creek Area are
typical of this class.
“Deposit Type” as defined in GSC Paper 88-21 refers to the extraction method most suited to the
coal deposit. There are four categories:

ƒ surface,
ƒ underground,
ƒ non-conventional, and
ƒ sterilised.
With respect to Deposit Type, both the SW and E Blocks would be considered to be a surface
mineable deposit of moderate complexity. This was concluded after reviewing a combination of
seam thicknesses, seam floor contours, dips and calculated stripping ratios for the area.

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8. MINERALISATION
The first phase of sedimentation in the Kutai Basin was a transgressive phase which began in
the early Miocene, this was followed by a phase of regression that continues today. Sediments
within the basin characteristically consist of clastic fine grain quartz sandstones, siltstones and
claystones. Other sediments include intercalated siltstones, limestones and coal deposited in
parallic, neritic or littoral deltaic environments grading to open marine.
In the general East Kalimantan region, the stratigraphic column has been correlated according to
Figure 4.
Most of the units present represent Tertiary sediments that have accumulated within the Kutai
Basin; some of these sequences are coal-bearing. The stratigraphic sequence has accumulated
as a series of prograding alluvial fans over time and, in certain areas, half-graben structures have
thickened the accumulation of certain sediments and enhanced the potential for coal deposition.
Within the Mamahak Project the dominant formation is the Haloq Formation as seen in Figure 6.
Both blocks contain stratigraphic sequences interpreted as the coal-bearing segments of this
formation.

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Figure 5 – Generalised Stratigraphic Column of the Project Area

8.1 QA: ALLUVIUM

Comprises recent surface accumulations of cobbles, pebble, sand, mud, clay and plant remains
within active alluvial channels or as deposition within existing wetlands or lakes.

8.2 TMQM: MENTULANG VOLCANICS

This unit is dominated by tuff, agglomerate, basaltic to andesitic breccia, small intrusive bodies of
diorite, dolerite and light grey jointed porphyritic andesite with pyroxene and hornblende as
phenocrysts. The basalt is dark grey and massive and generally aphanatic with feldspar as the
dominant phenocryst.

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8.3 TPKB: KAMPUNGBARU FORMATION

This formation comprises quartz sandstone with intercalations of claystone, siltstone, polymictic
conglomerate, lignite peat and iron oxide. Coal seams occur in the lower parts of the formation.
The quartz sandstone contains impurities of feldspar and fine carbon flakes and is fine to
medium grained, well sorted and friable. The claystone is tuffaceous in thin layers with small
clay modules up to 1 cm across with quartz cores. The siltstone is greenish grey, locally
alternating with 3 cm thick beds of peat. Polymictic conglomerate beds occur in the lower part of
the sequence and comprise of basalt and quartz clasts alternating upward with poorly sorted
sandstone. The unit is interpreted to have been deposited in a fluvial and terrestrial depositional
environment. Microfossils in limestone indicate deposition during the Late Miocene and
Pliocene. Thickness ranges between 250-280 metres but in parts can be up to 700-800 metres
in thickness. This formation lies unconformably over the Balikpapan Formation.

8.4 TMBP: BALIKPAPAN FORMATION

The Balikpapan Formation comprises quartz sandstone and claystone with intercalations of
siltstone, shale, limestone and coal. The quartz sandstone is fine to medium grained, well sorted
and has iron oxide and lignite intercalations. The calcareous sandstone contains small
foraminifera whilst sandy limestone contains larger foraminifera and molluscs. Fossil evidence
indicates the formation is middle to late Miocene and was formed in a deltaic to littoral and
shallow marine environment. The formation has a thickness of approximately 1,800 metres with
fold dips commonly between 35-50°. This formation unconformably underlies the Kampunbaru
Formation.

8.5 TOMA: ATAN INTRUSIVE ROCKS

This sequence includes dykes and plugs of andesite basalt. The rocks intrude the older units
and are presumably Oligocene to Miocene, which is the equivalent of the Sintang Intrusives.

8.6 TOMW: WAHAU FORMATION

This formation consists of alternating beds of claystone, quartz sandstone, clayey sandstone and
sandy claystone. The claystone is dark grey with bedding 10-25 cm thick and is generally non-
calcareous. Locally lignite intercalations with thicknesses between 25-30 cm are noted. Quartz
sandstones are grey-yellowish, fine to medium grained, well sorted, occasionally tuffaceous and
carbonaceous. Clayey sandstones and sandy claystones are grey to brownish and locally
carbonaceous. The lower part if this unit is intercalated with Oligocine limestone whilst the upper
part is equivalent to the Middle Miocene Pulaubalang Formation in the Longiram quadrangle.
This formation was deposited in a shallow marine to terrestrial environment and it lies
unconformably over the Marah Formation. Thickness of this formation is estimated to be
approximately 2,000 metres.

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8.7 TEA: BATU AYAU FORMATION

The Batu Ayau Formation is mostly sandstone with minor mudstone and siltstone together with
rare limestone and local thin seams of lignite or coal. The formation is commonly calcareous,
carbonaceous and mostly well bedded. The Sandstone is light grey to light brown, fine to
medium grained, well sorted and can be described as angular to sub-angular quartz arenite or
lithic arenite and feldsphatic in part. Sedimentary structures include parallel lamination, cross
bedding and locally convoluted bedding. The mudstone is dark grey to black, calcareous,
carbonaceous, lithic or coaly. Limestone is light brown to brownish, has clastic grains comprising
mostly fossil fragments and a matrix of carbonate mud. The foraminifera assemblage indicates
Late Eocene with the formation being deposited in an open to shallow marine environment. The
formation has an estimated thickness of between 500-900 metres and conformably overlies the
Batu Kelau and Marah Formation.

8.8 TEM: MARAH FORMATION

This formation comprises alternating marls, claystone and conglomerate with limestone
intercalations. The lower part is made up of basalt conglomerates with sandstone, claystone and
intercalations of limestone. The middle part is rich in muscovite, whilst the upper part is mainly
quartz sandstone, marl, limestone with intercalations of conglomerate, claystone and coal
seams. Thickness is up to about 1,800 metres and unconformably overlies the Embalauh Group.
The foraminifera assemblage indicates deposition during the Late Eocene in an inner sub-littoral
environment.

8.9 TEK: BATU KELAU FORMATION

This formation is dominated by shale, mudstone, siltstone and minor sandstone. The formation
is mostly well bedded including very thin to very thick beds. The mudstone, shale and siltstone
are dark grey, micaceous with parallel and flaser bedding with wavy laminations or bedding
commonly with fine sandstone. The sandstone is predominantly light grey, mostly fine grained,
well sorted quartz arenite with parallel laminations, minor convolute laminations, wavy bedding,
ripple structures, cross bedding and carbonaceous laminae. The benthonic foraminifera content
indicate a Late Eocene formation. The depositional environment is interpreted to be shallow
marine, possibly partly fore-reef environment. The thickness of the formation is up to 500 metres
and the formation conformably overlies the Halog Formation and sits conformably below the Batu
Ayau Formation and it intertwines with the Marah Formation.

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8.10 HE: HALOQ FORMATION

The Haloq Formation, on occasion referred to the Haloq Sandstone, comprises sandstone with
minor conglomerate (in the basal units) and mudstone with rare limestone and coal. The
formation is moderately to thickly bedded. The sandstone is a light grey quartz arenite generally
hard, fine to medium grained, moderately to well sorted with sub-angular to rounded clasts of
quartz, minor feldspar and lithic fragments. Sedimentary structures include laminae of
carbonaceous material or iron oxide and cross bedding. The conglomerates are light grey with
sub-rounded to rounded, moderately to poorly sorted clasts, all supported in a pebble (0.5 to 2
cm) matrix. Clasts also include minor cobbles of quartz, chert, lithic and felsic volcanic
fragments. Sedimentary structures include medium to large scale cross bedding. The limestone
is dark grey, clastic calcarenite to calcilutite, which is fine to coarse grained with mostly clasts of
fossil fragments and a matrix of carbonate mud or microcrystalline calcite. Material was derived
from the orogenic complex to the north and from the metamorphic basement and felsic magmatic
arc to the south.
Fossils content such as coral fragments, bryozoans, red algae, echinoids and indicate late
Eocene formation with deposition occurring within a typical of shallow marine possibly lagoon
type environment. The thickness of the formation is between 400-500 metres and conformably
underlies the Batu Kelau and Marah Formation whilst unconformably overlying older basement
mélange units.

8.11 TMBP: PULAU BALANG FORMATION

This formation consists of alternating greywacke and quartz sandstone and intercalation with
limestone, siltstone, coal, and dacitic tuff. Fossil evidence indicates a Middle Miocene formation
and a shallow marine depositional environment.
Within the Mamahak Project the dominant formation is the Haloq Formation as seen in Figure 6.
Both blocks contain stratigraphic sequences interpreted as the coal-bearing segments of the
formation.

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Figure 6 – Sedimentary Formations of the Mamahak Project

Within the Mamahak Project, lithology in the southernmost area consists predominantly of clay
and fine grain sandstones. These units can be described as:

ƒ grey sandstone – well sorted, parallel laminated, crossbedding, some carbonaceous

drapes,
ƒ coal,
ƒ shale – very fine to medium grained, shale - clay alternating with sandstone, and
ƒ siltstone – burrows evident, iron oxidation, limestone lenses with shell fossils.

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9. EXPLORATION

9.1 DRILLING
The drilling has and continues to be carried out using portable hydraulic drill rigs contracted from
CV Tulus Samarinda and PT Maxidrill Indonesia. There are 9 drilling rigs in total consisting of:

ƒ 4 Power rig units capable of open holing to 60m,

ƒ 4 Jacro-200 drill rigs capable of open holing or coring to 80m, and
ƒ a Maxi-195 unit capable of open holing or coring to 150m.
All drills are operated by experienced drillers with expatriate technical management backup from
Jakarta. All resource bore holes have been collared vertically.
This report is based upon a total of 220 drillholes comprising 89 drillholes in the SW Block and
131 drillholes in the E Block (Table 2). All drilling was completed at a dip of -90° and azimuth of
0°.

9.2 SURVEY
Survey activities were carried out by PT Arjatek Indonesia. The Topographical survey was
completed using Nikon Total Station and Topcon T-0 survey units. The survey was carried out
on a 30 to 50 metre grid interval system with each survey block referenced to the nearest
benchmark. The position and elevation of drill holes were picked up using total station and re-
picked up on completion of drilling activities. Results of collar surveying can be seen in Appendix
2.

9.3 GEOPHYSICAL LOGGING

Geophysical logs have been run on all holes in the Mamahak Project area. Geophysical
information is essential for seam correlation, inferring seam continuity, confirming seam interval
data and for a JORC compliant resources status to be achieved. Geophysical logging was
completed by PT RecsaLog Geoprima, Bandung, Indonesia. Their logging equipment comprised
the following:

ƒ RecsalLOG Digital Data Logger (10 channel, type RG-410),

ƒ probe containing an un-calibrated formation density gamma calliper (RecsaLOG FDG5),
ƒ RecsaLOG 200m wireline winch system, and
ƒ portable generator, laptop computer, printer and spares.
After completion of drilling, the geophysical logging unit logged the hole for gamma ray, calliper,
long density and short density data. Logs were compiled and plotted in Acrobat pdf format and
digital data was stored in LAS format.

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10. SAMPLING METHOD AND APPROACH

Sampling of the coal seams and other materials followed standard JORC compliant sampling
procedures, and is described as follows:

ƒ all seams were sampled as composites – please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 for a
diagrammatic explanation of how these samples were collected,
ƒ samples are collected from the roof and floor rock plus seam partings to be used for
dilution calculations, and are necessary during later mine planning studies, and
ƒ all core holes were digitally photographed before sampling.
Figure 7 – Sampling Procedure for Unsplit Intervals

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Figure 8 – Sample Techniques for Split Seam Intervals

All coal quality testing was completed by PT Sucofindo Indonesia (a certified laboratory) in
Samarinda, Indonesia to ISO (International Standards Organisation) standards, with the
exception of Relative Density which was tested to Australian Standards. No aspects of sample
preparation were conducted by an employee, officer, director or associate of SouthGobi Energy
Resources Ltd.
SMGC undertook random audits of data acquisition and preparation procedures for adherence to
‘Standard Operating Procedures’ as defined by SMGC. Consistency checks between data from
audited periods and unaudited period do not reveal any underlying inconsistency or error.
The author is of the opinion that the sampling methods and approach utilised onsite at the
Mamahak Project is of high standards and representative of the projects coal quality. The author
has no knowledge of drilling, sampling or recovery factors that could materially impact the
accuracy and reliability of the results.

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11. SAMPLE PREPARATION, ANALYSIS AND SECURITY

Samples have been prepared, stored and analysed as detailed in Figure 9, which was provided
by PT Mamahak Coal Mining. Samples were privately transported and documented upon arrival
to the laboratory. No samples were reported as damaged or contaminated.
The modelled coal quality data is summarised on a seam by seam basis in Table 3 and Table 4.
Coal quality in the area can be summarised as low moisture, low ash, moderate to high sulphur
and high energy. The quality data for the E Block is consistent as seen in the Ash Vs CV (ADB)
histogram (Figure 10). Coal quality data from the SW Block was insufficient to allow for any
modelling or statistical analysis.
Table 3 – E Block Coal Quality Summary

Block Seam TM IM Ash VM FC TS CV_ADB CV_DAF RD CSN HGI Samples

10U 3.5 1.9 7.7 41.0 49.4 1.58 7579 8378 1.29 3.9 46 13
10L 3.8 2.0 11.4 39.2 47.1 1.64 7191 8319 1.32 3.8 48 10

11U 1.5 13.8 40.2 44.5 5.12 7037 8304 1.37 1

11L 4.0 1.3 5.6 42.7 50.5 2.81 7880 8456 1.26 5.0 53 2

E 12 2.9 1.7 9.2 40.6 48.6 0.75 7536 8451 1.31 5.1 50 11

13 3.0 1.6 8.8 41.1 48.5 1.50 7551 8440 1.30 4.4 49 17

14 3.2 1.6 14.0 38.4 46.0 2.63 7095 8391 1.37 4.5 55 12

15 3.0 1.7 7.2 41.6 49.5 0.47 7640 8388 1.29 5.4 51 9

Average 3.2 1.7 9.6 40.5 48.2 1.53 7453 8402 1.31 4.5 50

Table 4 – SW Block Coal Quality Data

Boreid TM IM ASH VM FC SUL CV_AD CV_DAF RD CSN HGI Samples
PSW_0014 5.6 1.5 3.5 43.7 51.3 2.04 8070 8495 1.25 3.5 53 9
PSW_0015R 5.5 1.5 5.1 44.0 49.4 2.28 7933 8494 1.26 3.5 53 9
PSW_0015R 4.8 1.6 2.6 44.0 51.8 1.29 8179 8537 1.24 4.0 11
PSW_0016 8.3 3.6 9.1 37.8 49.5 0.56 7151 8191 1.31 1.0 11
PSW_067C 4.0 1.2 11.2 41.3 46.3 2.09 7399 8446 1.29 5.5 44 23
Average 5.6 1.9 6.3 42.2 49.7 1.65 7746 8433 1.27 3.5 50

The author is of the opinion that sample preparation/procedures, security and analytical
procedures have produced representative and accurate coal sample records. The sampling
procedure and security measures conducted on site as outlined by Figure 8 and observed onsite
by the author are considered to be of high standards.
All coal quality testing was completed by PT Sucofindo Indonesia in Samarinda, Indonesia to ISO
(International Standards Organisation) standards, with the exception of Relative Density which
was tested to Australian Standards and Total Sulphur which was tested to ASTM (American
Society for Testing and Materials). The following coal quality parameters were tested:

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ƒ Total Moisture, ISO 589 Method B,

ƒ Inherent Moisture, ISO 11722,
ƒ Ash Content, ISO 1171,
ƒ Volatile Matters, ISO 562,
ƒ Fixed Carbon, Calculated (100 – (IM + VM + ASH)),
ƒ Total Sulphur, ASTM D 4239 Part B,
ƒ Calorific Value, ISO1928,
ƒ Relative Density, AS 1038.21.2,
ƒ Hardgrove Grindability Index, ISO 5074, and
ƒ Crucible Swelling Number. ISO 720
The author is of the opinion that the coal analysis completed by Pt Sucofindo Indonesia is
representative of the coal quality and was completed to a high standard. Results of this testing
can be seen in Table 3 and Table 4. Testing was conducted in accordance with ISO 32000-1 as
updated on the 2nd July 2008.

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 MAMAHAK PROJECT
COAL SAMPLING PROCEDURE & PROCESS.

1. DRILLING PROCESS TO ESTABLISH CORE SAMPLE INTERVALS.

An open hole is to be drilled and geophysically logged to provide a guide to drill crews for
the completion of a nearby (twinned) core hole from which coal samples will be taken by On
Site Geologist.

2. SEAM THICKNESS SAMPLING CRITERIA.

• All seams greater than .3 Metres in true thickness are sampled.

• Coal seams with .3 to .5 Metres in Thickness.

.1 Metre of roof and .1 Metre of floor are separately sampled with each coal seam
sample.

• Coal seams greater than .5 Metres.

.1 Metre of roof and .1 Metre of floor are separately sampled and .1 Metre of seam
top and .1 Metre of seam bottom are separately sampled with each coal seam sample.

3. COAL SAMPLE DELIVERY.

• All coal sampling is to be expedited to avoid deterioration in coal quality.

• Sample submission sheets are signed by an authorized Site Geologist at the Mamahak
Site Office and sent to the Samarinda Site Office.

• The Samarinda Site Office confirms samples are properly identified and foreward
them to the independent Laboratory for analysis.

• The independent laboratory analysis results are sent to the Samarinda Site Office for
verification and reviewed before being sent to S.M.G.C. Jakarta ( the Project
Geological Consulting Group ) to be entered into the Geologic Model of each deposit.
Resource Report – Mamahak Coal Project PT Multi Mamahak Batubara

12. DATA VERIFICATION

This report is based upon supplied data from PT Mamahak Coal Mining. SMGC undertook
random audits of data acquisition and preparation procedures for adherence to SOPs as defined
by SMGC. While every precaution has been taken in the compilation of this data, the author has
no control over data sourced from others outside audit periods. Consistency checks between
data from audited periods and unaudited period do not reveal any underlying inconsistency or
error.

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13. ADJACENT PROPERTIES

No information for the adjacent properties was available for review by the author.

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14. MINERAL PROCESSING AND METALLURGICAL TESTING

A review of the variation in raw coal quality (Section 11 – Tables 3 & 4) indicates that the coal
seams being blended from the E & SW resource Blocks can be produced in raw form to meet
current market specification. No requirements to enhance the quality of the coals through wash
plant processes is planned or required.

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15. MINERAL RESOURCE AND MINERAL RESERVE ESTIMATES

15.1 APPROACH
Resources for this deposit were calculated to JORC standards; this involves calculating
resources to a measured, indicated or inferred status. These resource categories can be seen
below and are as outlined in ‘The 2004 Australasian Code for Reporting Exploration Results,
Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (The JORC Code)’.The Canadian Institute of Mining (CIM)
Standards/definitions on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves as contained in this report
were incorporated into the National Instrument 43-101 and effective as of February 1, 2001.
These standards as adopted from the JORC code and in relation to this deposit classify the
same measured, indicated and inferred resource areas as the JORC code when implemented.
An ‘Inferred Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, grade and
mineral content can be estimated with a low level of confidence. It is inferred from geological
evidence and assumed but not verified geological and/or grade continuity. It is based on
information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches,
pits, working and drill holes which may be limited or of uncertain quality and reliability. An
inferred Mineral Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applying to an Indicated
Mineral Resource.
The Inferred category is intended to cover situations where a mineral concentration or
occurrence has been identified and limited measurements and sampling completed, but where
the data are insufficient to allow the geological and/or grade continuity to be confidently
interpreted. Commonly, it would be reasonable to expect that the majority of Inferred Mineral
Resources would upgrade to Indicated Mineral Resources, it should not be assumed that such
upgrading will always occur. Confidence in the estimate of Inferred Mineral Resources is usually
not sufficient to allow the results of the application of technical and economic parameters to be
used for detailed planning. For this reason, there is no direct link from and Inferred Resource to
any category of Mineral Reserves. Caution should be exercised if this category is considered in
technical and economic studies.
An ‘Indicated Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, densities,
shape, physical characteristics, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a reasonable
level of confidence. It is based on exploration, sampling and testing information gathered
through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill
holes. The locations are too widely or inappropriately spaced to confirm geological and/or grade
continuity but are spaced closely enough for continuity to be assumed. An Indicated Mineral
Resource has a lower level of confidence than that applying to a Measured Mineral Resource,
but has a higher level of confidence than that applying to an Inferred Mineral Resource.
Mineralisation may be classified as an Indicated Mineral Resource when the nature, quality,
amount and distribution of data are such as to allow confident interpretation of the geological
framework and to assume continuity of mineralisation. Confidence in the estimate is sufficient to
allow the application of technical and economic viability.

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A ‘Measured Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which tonnage, densities,
shape, physical characteristics, grade and mineral content can be estimated with a high level of
confidence. It is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing information
gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits,
workings and drill holes. The locations are spaced closely enough to confirm geological and
grade continuity.
Mineralisation may be classified as a Measured Mineral Resource when the nature, quality,
amount and distribution of data are such as to leave no reasonable doubt, in the opinion of the
Competent Person determining the Mineral Resource, that the tonnage and grade of the
mineralisation can be estimated to within close limits, and that any variation from the estimate
would be unlikely to significantly affect potential economic viability. This category requires a high
level of confidence in, and understanding of, the geology and controls of the mineral deposit.
Confidence in the estimate is sufficient to allow the application of technical and economic
parameters and to enable an evaluation of economic viability that has a greater degree of
certainty than an evaluation based on an Indicated Mineral Resource.
The choice of the appropriate category of Mineral resource depends upon the quantity,
distribution and quality of data available and the level of confidence that attaches to those data.
The appropriate Mineral Resource category must be determined by a Competent Person or
Persons.
The following CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves were
Prepared by the CIM Standing Committee on Reserve Definitions and adopted by the CIM
Council.
A ‘Measured Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or
quality, densities, shape, and physical characteristics are so well established that they can be
estimated with confidence sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and
economic parameters, to support production planning and evaluation of the economic viability of
the deposit. The estimate is based on detailed and reliable exploration, sampling and testing
information gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as outcrops, trenches,
pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely enough to confirm both geological and
grade continuity.
Mineralization or other natural material of economic interest may be classified as a Measured
Mineral Resource by the Qualified Person when the nature, quality, quantity and distribution of
data are such that the tonnage and grade of the mineralization can be estimated to within close
limits and that variation from the estimate would not significantly affect potential economic
viability. This category requires a high level of confidence in, and understanding of, the geology
and controls of the mineral deposit.
An ‘Indicated Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity, grade or
quality, densities, shape and physical characteristics, can be estimated with a level of confidence
sufficient to allow the appropriate application of technical and economic parameters, to support
mine planning and evaluation of the economic viability of the deposit. The estimate is based on
detailed and reliable exploration and testing information gathered through appropriate techniques
from locations such as outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes that are spaced closely
enough for geological and grade continuity to be reasonably assumed.

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Mineralization may be classified as an Indicated Mineral Resource by the Qualified Person when
the nature, quality, quantity and distribution of data are such as to allow confident interpretation
of the geological framework and to reasonably assume the continuity of mineralization. The
Qualified Person must recognize the importance of the Indicated Mineral Resource category to
the advancement of the feasibility of the project. An Indicated Mineral Resource estimate is of
sufficient quality to support a Preliminary Feasibility Study which can serve as the basis for major
development decisions.
An ‘Inferred Mineral Resource’ is that part of a Mineral Resource for which quantity and grade or
quality can be estimated on the basis of geological evidence and limited sampling and
reasonably assumed, but not verified, geological and grade continuity. The estimate is based on
limited information and sampling gathered through appropriate techniques from locations such as
outcrops, trenches, pits, workings and drill holes.
Due to the uncertainty which may attach to Inferred Mineral Resources, it cannot be assumed
that all or any part of an Inferred Mineral Resource will be upgraded to an Indicated or Measured
Mineral Resource as a result of continued exploration. Confidence in the estimate is insufficient
to allow the meaningful application of technical and economic parameters or to enable an
evaluation of economic viability worthy of public disclosure. Inferred Mineral Resources must be
excluded from estimates forming the basis of feasibility or other economic studies.
In summary the classification of coal resources according to assurance categories (i.e. Proven,
Probable or inferred) for both Australian (JORC) and Canadian (NI 43-101) Standards is
dependent on the average spacing of data points (density of drill hole intersections) from which
reliable coal seam thickness and coal seam quality have been obtained. The geological
complexity of the coal deposits being evaluated dictate the level of drilling density required to
meet both JORC and NI 43-101 Standards. The E and SW Resource Blocks in this report are
considered to be of “Moderate“ geological complexity according to the NI 43-101 Standard. The
drilling density required to meet the NI 43-101 Standard has been met or exceeded in this report.

15.2 COAL RESOURCE ESTIMATION

15.2.1 Database Integrity

Only reliable exploration data has been used in the Minex borehole database. Reliable data
must have a surveyed borehole location and elevation. Coal quality analysis has been checked
by proximates adding up to 100% and by examining cross correlation plots.

15.2.2 Geological Interpretation

The local stratigraphic sequences of the SW and E blocks can be seen in Table 5 and Table 6.
These were established after analysing borehole data provided by PT Mamahak Coal Mining.
Seam splitting is evident only in the E block.

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Table 5 – E Block Local Stratigraphy

E Block
Seam ID Split
10 10U
10L
11 11U
11L
12
13
14
15

Table 6 – SW Block Local Stratigraphy

SW Block
Seam ID Split
SW_E
SW_D
SW_C
SW_B

Seam thickness histograms are provided for both bocks in the Illustrations section of this report.
It is to be noted that high values for the value ‘0 seam thickness’ on these graphs is due to seam
washouts and barren boreholes. The thickness of coal seams from the SW and E Blocks is
tabulated below in Table 7 and Table 8.
Table 7 – E Block Seam Thicknesses
Seam Thickness
Seam ID
Minimum Maximum Average
10U 0.10 0.89 0.43
10L 0.10 0.88 0.42
11U 0.10 0.72 0.31
11L 0.12 0.84 0.35
12 0.10 1.60 0.58
13 0.20 0.80 0.56
14 0.23 1.16 0.51
15 0.35 0.90 0.55
Average 0.16 0.97 0.46

Table 8 – SW Block Seam Thicknesses

Seam Thickness
Seam ID
Minimum Maximum Mean
SW_E 0.30 0.80 0.46
SW_D 0.16 0.70 0.31
SW_C 0.30 1.20 0.71
SW_B 0.30 1.40 0.30
Average 0.27 1.03 0.45

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15.2.3 Dimensions
Both the SW and E Blocks are situated in the southern region of the Mamahak Coal Mining KP.
The SW Block is 750 m west of the E Block’s most western extent. Block E is divided into 3
small blocks that is the block E1, E2, and E3 however has been reported on as the combined E
Block area. The E Block covers 474.837 Ha, whilst the SW block covers 163.290 Ha, a general
summary of this can be seen in Table 7.
Table 9 – Summary of the SW and E Block Extents and Seams Intersected

Block Coal Seams Area (ha)

E E1 10, 10U, 10L, 11, 11U, 142.58

E E2 11L, 12, 13, 14, 15 142.25
E E3 190.01
SW_E, SW_D, SW_C,
SW SW_B 163.29

The strike length of the E Block is approximately 5.5km with seams dipping to the south at
approximately 20 degrees as seen in Figure 11, Figure 12 and Figure 13. The strike length of
the SW Block is approximately 2.8km with seams also dipping to the south at approximately 20
degrees as seen in Figure 14, Figure 15 and Figure 16.

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15.2.4 Moisture Basis

In-situ resources have been calculated using air dried moisture basis results. Coal samples with
as received relative density results have been used for tonnage calculations.

15.2.5 Cut off Parameters

The parameters used in the estimation of resources were a minimum of 0.4m seam thickness
and 150m vertical depth below topography. No other limits such as depth were applied.

15.2.6 Resource Classification

Distance grids were generated for each seam using the presence of an ash value as the criteria
for a valid data point. The distance grids were then used in the resource generation process to
classify the resource categories. In some instances, where deemed suitable by the author the
measured and indicated resource extents continued beyond 250 and 500m respectively. The
resource categories based on the distance from data points having coal ash information are
presented in Table 10.
Table 10 – Resource Classifications
Resource Category Distance Criteria
Measured <250m
Indicated 250 - 500m
Inferred Class 500 - 1000m

The resource classification polygons for each seam of the E Block can be seen in Figure 21 to
Figure 27. No resource classification figures for the SW Block are provided as the area is only
covered to an inferred status.

15.3 RESOURCES ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY

15.3.1 Geological Model

The geological model as generated by Minex software covers completely the SW and E Blocks.
Computer modelling parameters and geological constraints are summarised below:
Minimum seam thickness 0.4m
Computer grid cell size 15

Grid limits E Block Minimum Maximum

Easting 326,108 331,424
Northing 50,279 53,536

Grid limits SW Block Minimum Maximum

Easting 322,890 325,931
Northing 50,057 51,326

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15.3.2 Borehole Data

All data supplied by PT Mamahak Coal Mining for the SW and E Blocks was loaded, checked
and correlated in a Mincom database. This data included outcrop information, coal intervals,
collar data and coal quality information. The data was then exported to Minex software, which
was used to generate quality, structural and model grids and calculate in-situ resources.
The E Block database contains 130 boreholes of which 22 have been cored and sampled. The
SW Block contains 88 boreholes of which 4 have been cored and sampled. All holes have been
geophysically logged to a high standard for correlation and confirmation of seam interval and
interburden thicknesses.

15.3.3 Topography
Surface topography for geological modelling was generated using a combination of ground
survey points and collar data. Only 6 holes contained topographical surface to collar
discrepancies of greater than 2m in the E Block (as seen in Table 9). This is considered
acceptable as terrain in the Mamahak region is undulating. Hence a review after gridding of the
topography revealed no significant anomalies. The SW Block only contained two collar to
topography differences of greater than 2m, which like the E Block is within an acceptable range
considering the morphology of the area.
Table 11 – Topographical Surface to Collar Discrepancies Greater than 2m (E Block)
Bore ID Easting Northing Borehole Value Grid Value Difference
J_0013C 329083 51964 228.01 230.57 -2.56
PR_0011 326958 51375 171.21 169.02 2.19
PR_0047R1 328893 52043 235.93 231.86 4.06
PR_0053 329115 52172 233.88 236.23 -2.35
PR_0060 329542 52064 157.94 160.29 -2.35
PR_0065 329708 52686 275.73 273.54 2.19

Table 12 – Topographical Surface to Collar Discrepancies Greater than 2m (SW Block)

Bore ID Easting Northing Borehole Value Grid Value Difference
PSW_0083R2 324061 50738 523.92 526.67 -2.76
PSW_0085 323952 50798 543.34 545.45 2.11

The ground survey used to generate topographical surfaces in both Blocks was not completed to
the full extents of the Blocks. In both cases the topography was extrapolated to meet the Block
boundaries. The extrapolation distance was at its greatest 100m. This extrapolation of
topography may have lead to some incorrect sub-crop and strip ratio values in both blocks.

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15.3.4 Base of Weathering

The depth of weathering was derived from individual borehole lithological records as provided by
PT Mamahak Coal Mining. These depth of weathering ‘picks’ were used to generate a
weathering thickness grid. This thickness grid was then subtracted from the topographic surface
to generate a depth of weathering surface. Data was then gridded and displayed as contours.
Any “bull's eyes” were reviewed and adjustments made if considered valid and supported by
adjacent boreholes. Depth of weathering from boreholes ranges from 0.5m to 6.35m across both
blocks with an average depth of 1.99m. This variation is considered to be standard for the area
by the author.

15.3.5 Seam Modelling

A full stratigraphic model was made of all seams which consisted of roof, floor and thickness
grids for both Blocks. Only borehole information and interpolated seam intersections (set to zero
thickness) were used in the modelling process. The Minex growth interpolation technique was
used with grids being extrapolated beyond the last data points to the block limits. Model grids
were cut on the base of weathering.
Seam floors were generated from borehole data only and no faults have been interpreted in the
geological model. This does not mean there are no faults present; rather there is insufficient
information to accurately represent them in the geological model. Floor grids were reviewed and
any anomalies checked, correlations were corrected if changes were found to be necessary.
Figure 17 is a structure floor contour plan of the 10L seam, which is representative of the
structure of the other seams in the E Block area. The bunching of contours in this plan indicates
the possibility of faulting however as noted before faulting has not been modelled. Figure 18 is a
structure floor contour plan of the SW_C seam, which is representative of the structure of the
other seam in the SW Block area. The bunching of contours in this plan indicates the possibility
of faulting, however as noted before faulting has not been modelled.
Seam thickness grids were reviewed and any anomalies investigated. Many of the thickness
variations in the E Block may be attributed to the rapid splitting and recombination of the coal
seams. Figure 19 is a seam thickness isopach plot of the 13 seam. The figure shows that there
is no distinct thickening with depth or along strike; this is representative of all seams within the E
Block area. Figure 20 is a seam thickness isopach plot of the SW_C seam. The figure shows
that there is no distinct thickening with depth or along strike; this is representative of all seams
within the E Block area. Seam roof grids were calculated from the structure floor and seam
thickness grids arithmetically.
In the SW block no interburden between the SW_E and the SW_D seams existed, however an
interburden between SW_E and SW_C existed; this was an issue as at least 1 interburden value
is required as a structural/stratigraphic control for each seam in the modelling process. The
interburden value between the SW_C & SW_D seams averaged 5.04m, hence this value was
input as a ‘zero thickness seam’ between the SW_E and SW_C known interburden to calculate a
mathematical interburden between the SW_E & SW_D seams and allow for Minex modelling to
proceed accurately.

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15.3.6 Quality Modelling

Coal quality grids were generated for all seams where data existed for raw proximates, total
sulphur, apparent relative density and specific energy. The Minex growth technique interpolation
method was used with data extrapolated to the block boundaries. The parameter ‘limit to data’
was used for quality modelling; therefore the highest and lowest reported values for any quality
variable were not exceeded in their associated grids. At a sample tolerance of 90% (where 90%
of a quality interval has to be represented by a seam thickness interval) there were 54 Ash
samples reported, while at a tolerance of 5% 92 Ash samples were reported. For modelling and
reporting purposes a sample tolerance of 70% was applied as this was deemed the most
appropriate percentage allowing for a majority of samples (76 for Ash) to be included whilst
excluding any notably mismatched seam quality and thickness intervals.

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16. OTHER RELEVANT DATA AND INFORMATION

Currently to the knowledge of the author no other relevant data or information exists relating to
the content of this report.

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17. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS

As seen in Table 13 a resource comprising 4.96Mt measured, 7.3Mt indicated and 2.66Mt
inferred resources has been estimated for the E block as of January 19, 2009.
Table 13 – E Block Resources
Measured Indicated Inferred
Block Seam
Tonnes Thick * Tonnes Thick * Tonnes Thick *
10U 553,667 0.55 524,792 0.52 551,680 0.59
10L 462,734 0.54 1,195,208 0.56
Total 1,016,401 1,720,000

11U 4,505 0.41 137,888 0.48

11L 17,290 0.42 218,911 0.52
Total 21,795 356,799
E
12 860,571 0.53 1,408,861 0.62 635,274 0.64

13 1,437,002 0.57 1,563,652 0.58

14 1,086,461 0.56 683,482 0.56 458,885 0.51

15 585,482 0.52 1,897,880 0.63 654,844 0.75

Total 4,985,917 7,295,670 2,657,482

Block Seam TM IM Ash VM FC TS CV_ADB CV_DAF RD CSN HGI Samples

10U 3.5 1.9 7.7 41.0 49.4 1.58 7579 8378 1.29 3.9 46 13
10L 3.8 2.0 11.4 39.2 47.1 1.64 7191 8319 1.32 3.8 48 10

11U 1.5 13.8 40.2 44.5 5.12 7037 8304 1.37 1

11L 4.0 1.3 5.6 42.7 50.5 2.81 7880 8456 1.26 5.0 53 2

E 12 2.9 1.7 9.2 40.6 48.6 0.75 7536 8451 1.31 5.1 50 11

13 3.0 1.6 8.8 41.1 48.5 1.50 7551 8440 1.30 4.4 49 17

14 3.2 1.6 14.0 38.4 46.0 2.63 7095 8391 1.37 4.5 55 12

15 3.0 1.7 7.2 41.6 49.5 0.47 7640 8388 1.29 5.4 51 9

Average 3.2 1.7 9.6 40.5 48.2 1.53 7453 8402 1.31 4.5 50
* Thick : Thickness (m)

The resource estimates for the E and SW Blocks are based on data collected up to November 5, 2008.
As seen in Table 14 an inferred resource of 2.61Mt has been estimated for the SW Block. All
resources in the SW Block were considered by the author only to be sufficient to meet a JORC
compliant Inferred resource status; this is due to the lack of coal quality data for the area. For

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‘points of observation’ to be JORC compliant they must be surveyed, geophysically logged and
sampled. Once Exploration is completed successfully on the SW Block the resources contained
should all be categorised to either a measured or indicated status.
Table 14 – SW Block Resources
SW Block
Inferred
Seam Mean
Tonnes
Thickness
SW_E 40,593 0.51
SW_D 319,273 0.47
SW_C 1,324,774 0.75
SW_B 926,359 0.65
Total 2,610,999

Boreid TM IM ASH VM FC SUL CV_AD CV_DAF RD CSN HGI Samples

PSW_0014 5.6 1.5 3.5 43.7 51.3 2.04 8070 8495 1.25 3.5 53 9
PSW_0015R 5.5 1.5 5.1 44.0 49.4 2.28 7933 8494 1.26 3.5 53 9
PSW_0015R 4.8 1.6 2.6 44.0 51.8 1.29 8179 8537 1.24 4.0 11
PSW_0016 8.3 3.6 9.1 37.8 49.5 0.56 7151 8191 1.31 1.0 11
PSW_067C 4.0 1.2 11.2 41.3 46.3 2.09 7399 8446 1.29 5.5 44 23
Average 5.6 1.9 6.3 42.2 49.7 1.65 7746 8433 1.27 3.5 50

Inferred resources have been estimated for the SW Block as of January 19, 2009.
Tonnages for the E Block were calculated using a quality grid generated using the ‘Minex growth
technique’ based on sample data provided by PT Mamahak Coal Mining. A default tonnage of
1.35 was used for the SW block as insufficient data exists to model the density of the area
accurately.
The resource classification polygons for each seam of the E Block can be seen in Figure 21 to
Figure 27. No resource classification figures for the SW Block are provided as the area is only
covered to an inferred status.
The author is unaware of any environmental, permitting, legal title, taxation, socio-economic,
mining, metallurgical, infrastructure, marketing or political issues which the estimate may be
materially affected by.

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18. REFERENCES
ƒ PT Buena Persada Mining Services, 2008, Exploration Report, the Mamahak Coal Project,
ƒ Australasian Code for Reporting Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore
Reserves – JORC – December 2004,
ƒ Australian Guidelines for Estimating and Reporting of Inventory Coal, Coal Resources and
Coal Reserves – Coalfields Geology Council of New South Wales and Queensland Mining
Council – March 2003, and
ƒ Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects “NI 43-101”, The Companion Policy to NI 43-
101 and Form 43-101FI.

19. RECOMMENDATIONS
It is the opinion of the author that this is a property of merit and the main objectives of future
exploration should be to:

ƒ complete a program of testing to more thoroughly define the coal quality and extents for
the whole Mamahak Project,
ƒ obtain correlation and structure confirmation data and, more importantly, to obtain high
quality data concerning the quality of the coal and the geotechnical properties of the
sequence to be mined,
ƒ obtain further coal quality data pertinent to current coal markets through additional bulk
sampling. In the second drilling season, obtain large diameter cores that can serve as a
bulk samples, and
ƒ complete a feasibility study for this area once the bulk sample coal test results are
available.
The author also recommends that mine planning be undertaken based on the geological models
prepared for these deposits by SMGC.
The company has indicated it has incurred approximately US$3,000,000 on the work programs
supporting the preparation of this report and anticipate that similar expenditures should be
anticipated on each of the other 3 KPs comprising the project.

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20. CERTIFICATIONS

20.1 TENURE
SGQ Batubara (A) Pte, Ltd who retains exclusive development, marketing and mining
agreements with the owners of the PT Mamahak Coal Mining KP (which is a part of the
Mamahak Coal Project) supplied SMGC with 2 documents referring to the tenure of the SW and
E Blocks. The first document “Pemberi Ijin Kuasa Pertambangan Eksplorasi Tahun Kedua Atas
Nama PT Mamahak Coal Mining”, No 545/K.243/2007 was issued to PT Mamahak Coal Mining
in April 2007 over an area of 4,996 Ha. The second document “Pemberi Kuasa Pertambangan
Eksploitasi Atas Nama PT Mamahak Coal Mining”, No 545/K.647/2008 was issued to PT
Mamahak Coal Mining in July 2008 over an area of 4996 Ha.

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20.2 QUALIFIED PERSON CERTIFICATION

Qualifications of the author of this technical Report are presented in this section. The title for the
Technical Report for which this certificate applies to is the “Resource Report - Mamahak Coal
Project” document dated 26th March, 2009. Mark J Manners is a professional geologist,
registered in Australia.
Mark J. Manners, B.Sc (Geology)
1. Am currently employed by:
PT SMG Consultants Pty Ltd
Indofood Tower 7th floor, Suite 703, Sudirman Plaza,
Jl. Jenderal Sudirman Kav. 76-78,
Jakarta Selatan 12910
INDONESIA
in the capacity of Principal Geologist.
2. Am a professional geologist with the Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (No.
210756). A summary of my relevant experience follows:
Over 20 years experience as a geologist. I have worked on grass roots exploration and
development work at major open cut mines in Central Queensland and New South Wales.
My experiences include the design and supervision of drilling and exploration projects and
developmental analytical data, geologic mapping, resource estimation, mineability
assessment, and development of geological databases for computer modelling. I have
prepared resource estimates for mining companies in Australia and Indonesia.
Supplementary qualifications include:

ƒ experienced in the interpretation of geophysical logs and coal seam correlation,

ƒ experienced in geological investigations related to both surface and underground
mining operations,
ƒ experienced in relating geological conditions to mining operations,
ƒ experienced in developing computer databases and modelling coal deposits
throughout Australia and Indonesia, and
ƒ conducted exploration and development in major coal basins in Australia and
Indonesia.
3. Have read the definitions of “Competent Person” set out in The Australasian Code for
Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (JORC Code,
2004 edition) and certify that by reason of my education, affiliation with a Professional
Association and past relevant work experience, I fulfil the requirements to be a “Competent
Person” for the Purposes of Evaluation of the Mamahak Project Area. An AusIMM
recognized “competent person” is recognised as a qualified person under the National
Instrument 43-101.
4. Am responsible for all content within this Technical Report.
5. Visited the Mamahak Project site on the 4th and 5th of December 2008.
6. As of the date of this certificate, to the best of my knowledge, information and belief this
technical report contains all scientific and technical information that is required to be
disclosed to make this report non misleading.
7. Am Independent of the issuers applying all of the tests in Section 1.4 of National
Instrument 43-101.
8. Have read National Instrument 43-101 and form 43-101F1, and the technical report has
been prepared in compliance with this instrument and form.

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Mark J. Manners
Principal Geologist
SMG Consultants Pty Ltd.
Dated the 26th March, 2009 in Jakarta, Indonesia.

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21. ILLUSTRATIONS
Seam thickness histograms for the E block can be seen in Figure 28 to Figure 35, whilst seam
thickness histograms for the SW Block can be seen in Figure 36 to Figure 39. It is to be noted
that seam recorded seam thicknesses of zero in these table are due to washouts and barren
holes.

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Appendix 1 – PT Geoservices LTD Bulk Sample Analysis Results
 Mamahak Project Bulk Sample Analysis Results as of October 21, 2008
SouthGobi Energy Resources and its Indonesian Affiliate Company, PT Multi Mamahak Batubara
(PT MMB) have received results from the independent laboratory analysis of a recent Bulk
Sample it has taken on the SW Resource Block within the MCM KP. The Bulk sample was taken
by a hydraulic excavator and is comprised of a proportioned blending of seams from an area
where the company plans to commence mining coal in the 1st Quarter of 2009. The MCM KP is
the southernmost of 4 areas under development by the company at Mamahak and is located
approximately 30 kilometres from the Mahakam River where river barges are planned to
transport coal to ocean going vessels. We have approximately 520 kg of this sample available in
storage at Balikpapan for shipment to potential customers. The proximate analysis and related
testing of the Bulk Sample raw coal was obtained by PT GEOSERVICES LTD. and is listed as
follows:

PROXIMATE ANALYSIS ULTIMATE ANALYSIS

Total Inherent Fixed Total C.V. C H N S O

Ash Volatile
Moist. Moist. Carbon S kcal/kg % % % % %
ar 3.05 - 8.21 40.42 48.32 .84 7,560 75.0 5.63 1.67 .84 5.60
adb - 1.87 8.31 40.91 48.91 .85 7,652 75.9 5.70 1.69 .85 5.68
db - - 8.47 41.69 49.84 .87 7,798 77.4 5.81 1.72 .87 5.73
daf - - - 45.55 54.45 0.95 8,519 84.5 6.35 1.88 .95 6.32

Gray Gieseler
Max. Max. CSN/
Chlorine Phosphorus HGI King Max. Fluidity
Cont. Dil. FSI
Coke ddpm
13,560 -
.01% .007% 49 24 129 G6 7½ -7½ *
17,408 *

ASH ANALYSIS
SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO Na2O K2O TiO2 Mn3O4 SO3 P2O5
% % % % % % % % % % %
73.6 10.1 8.6 2.3 .98 .08 .26 .28 .015 2.0 .187

ASH FUSION TEMPERATURES ° C

REDUCING ATMOSPHERE OXIDIZING ATMOSPHERE
Deformation Spherical Hemispherical Flow Deformation Spherical Hemispherical Flow
1,160 1,500 1,510 1,520 1,470 1,490 1,490 1,540
*Designates check test
FORMS of SULPHUR PETROGRAPHY**
Organic Pyritic Sulphate Total Total Total
Wt% Wt% Wt% Wt% Reflect Vit.
Reactives Inerts
adb adb adb adb RoMax %
% %
.56 .27 .02 .85 .71 84.2 97.6 2.4

** Study undertaken by Pearson Coal Petrography

 SIZE DISTRIBUTION AND ASH AND SULPHUR ANALYSIS
DRY SCREENS
SIZE (mm) WT % Cum. WT% SAMPLE # ASH% SULPHUR%
-50 x 31.5 40.9 40.9 KT12514/08 9.5 .85
31.5 x 16 30.8 71.7 KT12515/08 9.2 .92
16 x 8 11.5 83.2 KT12516/08 6.4 .78
8x4 6.3 89.5 KT12517/08 6.9 .93
4x2 4.1 93.6 KT12518/08 7.4 .96
-2 6.4 100.0

WET SCREENS
SIZE (mm) WT % Cum. WT% SAMPLE # ASH% SULPHUR%
-2 x 1 36.5 36.5 KT12838/08 4.0 .90
1 x .5 25.2 61.7 KT12839/08 4.3 1.08
.5 x .25 15.6 77.3 KT12840/08 7.1 1.60
-.25 22.7 100.0 KT12841/08 29.1 2.12

COMBINED DRY & WET SCREENS

SIZE (mm) WT % Cum. WT% SAMPLE # ASH% SULPHUR%
-50 x 31.5 40.9 40.9 KT12514/08 9.5 .85
31.5 x 16 30.8 71.7 KT12515/08 9.2 .92
16 x 8 11.5 83.2 KT12516/08 6.4 .78
8x4 6.3 89.5 KT12517/08 6.9 .93
4x2 4.1 93.6 KT12518/08 7.4 .96
2x1 2.3 95.9 KT 12838/08 4.0 .90
1x.5 1.6 97.5 KT 12839/08 4.3 1.08
.5x.25 1.0 98.5 KT 12840/08 7.1 1.60
-.25 1.5 100.0 KT 12841/08 29.1 2.12

DROP SHATTER (10X)

Initial mass g 50300 50201 50180 49530 49215 48625
Drop # 0 2 4 6 8 10
50x31.5 46.3% 34.8% 27.6% 25.3% 21.8% 19.3%
31.5 x 16 27.6% 30.8% 33.7% 32.1% 31.3% 31.8%
16 x 8 11.0% 13.3% 13.7% 14.9% 17.3% 17.0%
8x4 5.8% 8.0% 8.8% 10.7% 10.5% 10.5%
4x2 3.8% 5.2% 6.7% 7.0% 7.0% 7.9%
2x1 2.7% 3.7% 4.5% 4.7% 5.0% 5.9%
1x.5 1.7% 2.5% 3.0% 3.4% 3.3% 3.7%
-.5 1.1% 1.7% 2.0% 1.9% 3.8% 4.1%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Appendix 2 – Results of Collar Surveying
 BOREID EASTING NORTHING ELEVATION FINALD AZIMUTH DIP TYPE
JSW_0006 323846 50680 505 78.0 0 -90 JCR
JSW_0007 324009 50617 517 74.5 0 -90 JCR
JSW_0013 325249 50650 557 67.0 0 -90 JCR
JSW_0015 325617 50480 524 83.0 0 -90 JCR
JSW_002 323251 50663 539 85.0 0 -90 JCR
JSW_003 323394 50719 556 85.3 0 -90 JCR
JSW_008 324247 50591 506 67.0 0 -90 JCR
JSW_009 324429 50575 509 85.0 0 -90 JCR
JSW_012 325062 50632 535 91.0 0 -90 JCR
PSW_001 323122 50553 519 39.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0014 323816 50582 495 44.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0015R 323919 50671 515 35.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0016R1 324041 50569 506 41.5 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0017 324009 50485 491 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0018 324102 50470 491 47.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0019 324131 50623 499 38.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_002 323127 50523 513 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0020 324153 50547 494 39.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0021R3 324192 50524 496 43.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0022R5 324468 50515 498 37.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0023 324307 50676 518 30.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0024 324412 50705 525 43.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0025R 324567 50563 509 34.5 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0026 324546 50635 511 41.5 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0027R2 324606 50535 512 45.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0028 324617 50636 518 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0029R 324716 50641 519 38.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0030 324723 50560 507 40.5 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0032R4 325035 50507 509 39.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0033 324915 50713 538 42.5 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0034 325143 50640 550 43.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0035 325171 50710 562 43.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0036 325331 50561 551 45.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0037 325333 50676 561 35.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0038 325414 50524 551 44.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_003R 323224 50586 524 32.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_004 323354 50740 565 37.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0040 325450 50734 547 35.5 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0041 325686 50668 555 44.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0042 325705 50572 550 45.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0043R 325636 50476 524 39.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0044R 324726 50747 538 43.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0046R1 325585 50603 536 44.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0047 325708 50735 561 43.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_005 323343 50670 545 38.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0054R 325308 50718 564 41.5 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0055 325298 50842 580 41.8 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0056 325223 50770 569 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0058 325090 50793 576 43.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0059R 325026 50726 551 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_006 323322 50585 531 32.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0060 325011 50869 572 36.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0061 324914 50777 546 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0064 324806 50787 541 35.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0065 324870 50867 568 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0066 324818 50703 527 35.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0067 324734 50835 547 34.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0068R 325160 50921 593 43.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0069R 324652 50764 538 44.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_007 323415 50572 519 39.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0071R 324545 50853 564 35.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0072 324408 50826 552 41.5 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0073 324477 50747 537 43.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0074 324251 50711 515 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0075 324220 50761 517 44.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0078 324194 50859 546 37.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_008 323525 50746 552 34.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0081 324095 50793 537 44.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0082R 323994 50855 552 44.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0083R2 324062 50739 524 43.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0084 324068 50655 526 40.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0085 323953 50799 543 40.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0086 323962 50707 510 43.0 0 -90 PWR
 BOREID EASTING NORTHING ELEVATION FINALD AZIMUTH DIP TYPE
PSW_009 323520 50696 532 5.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0090 323985 50672 509 39.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0091 323908 50729 526 32.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0092 324032 50697 517 33.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0093 323907 50748 524 33.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_0094 323874 50764 520 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_010 323532 50600 507 30.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_012 323690 50629 509 33.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_019R 324126 50642 499 19.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_019R1 324128 50637 499 27.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_019R3 324161 50650 496 5.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_026C1 324545 50635 511 5.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_066C1 324818 50703 528 19.0 0 -90 PWR
PSW_067C 324734 50834 547 14.3 0 -90 PWR
PSW_106 323913 50840 551 44.5 0 -90 PWR
J_0001C2 326672 51183 152 96.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0002C 326744 51013 113 104.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0003C2 326983 51264 144 119.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0003R2 327034 51366 142 38.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0003R3 326983 51264 144 5.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0004C 327041 51139 125 128.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0004R2 327040 51140 125 120.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0005 327399 51385 168 120.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0005C 327399 51386 168 106.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0006 327440 51201 155 120.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0006C 327440 51203 156 115.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0007 327783 51521 235 120.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0007C 327784 51522 235 100.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0008C 327808 51351 218 123.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0009 328053 51330 194 117.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0009C 328052 51330 194 118.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0010 328356 51624 198 115.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0010C 328357 51624 198 80.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0011 328503 51775 205 117.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0011C 328504 51775 206 89.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0012 328686 51833 202 117.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0012C 328686 51834 202 82.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0013C 329083 51964 228 130.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0014 329259 52046 196 103.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0014C 329260 52046 196 103.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0015 329514 51869 153 103.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0015C 329515 51869 153 106.4 0 -90 JCR
J_0016 329658 52231 196 117.4 0 -90 JCR
J_0016C 329658 52232 196 104.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0017 329701 52609 261 118.2 0 -90 JCR
J_0017C 329702 52609 261 94.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0018 329937 52476 245 128.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0018C 329937 52475 244 130.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0019 330101 52663 256 117.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0019C 330100 52663 256 120.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0020 330096 52488 233 136.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0020C 330097 52489 233 132.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0021C 330528 52756 229 111.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0022C 330811 52560 189 122.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0023C 330818 52844 156 122.0 0 -90 JCR
J_0024C 331117 52826 182 129.0 0 -90 JCR
PR_0001 326620 51244 153 24.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0002 326703 51087 129 31.5 0 -90 PWR
PR_0003 326703 51288 179 37.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0004 326753 51226 167 27.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0005 326798 51131 139 35.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0006 326803 51338 198 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0007R 326851 51280 177 37.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0008 326880 51168 144 37.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0009 326888 51360 190 37.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0010 326896 51280 163 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0011 326958 51375 171 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0012R 326998 51226 137 40.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0013R 327048 51399 147 40.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0014 327084 51311 122 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0015R 327101 51221 120 45.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0016 327176 51409 139 22.0 0 -90 PWR
 BOREID EASTING NORTHING ELEVATION FINALD AZIMUTH DIP TYPE
PR_0016R 327174 51408 139 27.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0017 327196 51337 151 40.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0018 327222 51249 137 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0019R 327276 51418 146 32.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0020 327305 51351 156 40.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0021 327325 51284 150 29.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0022 327433 51277 158 40.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0023 327492 51414 187 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0024 327527 51290 177 36.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0025R1 327566 51466 202 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0026 327633 51310 200 40.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0027 327678 51517 214 38.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0028 327693 51412 205 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0029R 327806 51442 225 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0030 327858 51485 219 35.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0031 327908 51375 192 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0032 327981 51499 198 4.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0032R 327994 51509 200 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0033 328016 51378 194 36.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0034R3 328051 51528 214 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0035 328129 51429 219 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0036 328189 51568 209 40.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0037 328187 51664 230 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0038R 328307 51673 215 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0039 328367 51785 230 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0040 328425 51860 236 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0041R 328538 51977 241 39.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0042 328550 51901 234 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0043 328641 51989 219 39.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0044 328659 51945 220 38.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0045 328738 52008 214 39.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0046R 328748 51945 209 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0047R1 328893 52043 236 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0048 328869 51944 229 5.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0048R 328876 51946 231 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0049 328929 52093 253 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0050R 328931 52003 236 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0051 329008 52145 245 43.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0052R 329027 52051 234 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0053 329115 52172 234 40.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0054 329165 52096 216 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0055 329222 52155 207 43.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0056 329321 52100 189 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0057 329380 51964 179 37.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0058 329423 52052 174 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0059R 329493 51979 160 30.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0060 329542 52064 158 43.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0061R5 329619 52022 170 38.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0062 329570 52410 207 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0063 329611 52532 229 36.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0064R 329655 52566 247 36.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0065 329708 52686 276 45.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0066 329759 52466 254 40.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0067R 329795 52730 292 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0068 329853 52498 261 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0069 329890 52723 285 39.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0070R 330012 52734 278 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0071 330085 52522 244 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0072 330105 52724 269 41.6 0 -90 PWR
PR_0073 330169 52527 225 39.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0074 330212 52734 268 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0075 330265 52536 227 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0076 330313 52735 262 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0077 330406 52745 260 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0078 330464 52572 220 35.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0079 330571 52601 239 37.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0080 330606 52786 224 41.6 0 -90 PWR
PR_0081 330672 52600 216 40.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0082 330804 52795 169 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0084R1 330939 52650 154 40.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0085 330982 52948 214 36.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0086 331035 52765 183 42.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0087 331054 53044 221 41.0 0 -90 PWR
PR_0088 331156 53086 232 40.0 0 -90 PWR