jkpo;ehL muR
Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj;Jiw
gphpT : TNPSC Group II Njh;T
ghlk; : nghJj;jkpo; (,yf;fpak;)
gFjp : jkpopd; rpWfijfs;
fhg;Ghpik
jkpo;ehL muRg; gzpahsh; Njh;thizak; F&g; - 2 Kjy;epiy kw;Wk; Kjd;ik
Njh;TfSf;fhd fhnzhyp fhl;rp gjpTfs;> xypg;gjpT ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs;> khjphp Njh;T
tpdhj;jhs;fs; kw;Wk; nkd;ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs; Mfpait Nghl;bj; Njh;tpw;F jahuhFk;
khzt> khztpfSf;F cjtpLk; tifapy; Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiwahy;
nkd;nghUs; tbtpy; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,k;nkd;ghlf; Fwpg;GfSf;fhd fhg;Ghpik
Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiwiar; rhh;e;jJ vd njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
ve;j xU jdpegNuh my;yJ jdpahh; Nghl;bj; Njh;T gapw;rp ikaNkh
,k;nkd;ghlf; Fwpg;Gfis ve;j tifapYk; kWgpujp vLf;fNth> kW Mf;fk; nra;jplNth>
tpw;gid nra;Ak; Kaw;rpapNyh <LgLjy; $lhJ. kPwpdhy; ,e;jpa fhg;Ghpik rl;lj;jpd;
fPo; jz;bf;fg;gl VJthFk; vd njhptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J Kw;wpYk; Nghl;bj;
Njh;TfSf;F jahh; nra;Ak; khzth;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; fl;lzkpy;yh NritahFk;.
Mizah;>
Ntiytha;g;G kw;Wk; gapw;rpj; Jiw
jkpopd; rpWfijfs;
rpWfij cyfpd; je;ij nrfht;.
rpWfij Njhd;wpa Kjy; ,e;jpa nkhop tq;fhsp.
jkpo;r; rpWfijapd; Kd;Ndhb tPukhKdpth;.
jkpopd; Kjy; rpWfij t.Nt.R.Iahpd; Fsj;jq;fiu mur kuk;.
jkpopd; Kjy; rpWfijj; njhFg;G kq;fah;f;furpapd; fhjy;.
jkpo;r; rpWfijapd; je;ij t.Nt.R. Iah;.
jkpo;r; rpWfijapd; Kd;Ndhb tPukhKdpth;.
tl;lhuf; fijfspd; Kd;Ndhb fp.,uh[ehuhazd;.
fhpry; fijfspd; je;ij fp.,uh[ehuhazd;.
rpWfij kd;dd; GJikg;gpj;jd;. jkpo;ehl;bd; khg;grhd; GJikg;gpj;jd;.
jkpo;r; rpWfijapd; J}z; GJikg;gpj;jd;. rpWfijr; nry;th; GJikg;gpj;jd;.
jkpo;ehl;bd; thy;lh;]f
; hl; fy;fp. jkpo; rpWfij ,yf;fpaj;jpd; Mrhd; fy;fp.
rpWfijapd; rhjid e.gpr;r%h;j;jp.
rpWfijapd; jpU%yh; nksdp - vd;W $wpath; GJikg;gpj;jd;.
19-Mk; E}w;whz;by;; rpWfij vOj;jhsh;fs;:
t.Nt.R.Iah;
KOg;ngah; tufNdhp Ntq;fl Rg;gpukzpah; Iah; 1913 ,y; Fsj;jq;fiu mur
kuk; vd;w fijia vOjpdhh;.
,J fhl;Nlh; fjh vd;w tq;f nkhopapd; fij jOty;.
kq;ifah;f;furpapd; fhjy; vd;w rpWfij njhFg;gpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
kq;ifah;f;furpapd; fhjy; vl;L rpWfijfspd; njhFg;G.
kq;ifah;f;furpapd; fhjy;
Fsj;jq;fiu murkuk;
fkyh tp[ak;.
fhq;Nfak;
vjpnuhypahs;
mdhh;f;fyp
iyyh k[;D
Foe;ij kzk; gw;wpaJ.
Uf;kzp - ehfuh[d; jpUkzk; gw;wpaJ> fztiuj; jtwhfg; Ghpe;J nfhz;l
Uf;kzp Fsj;jpy; tpOe;J ,wj;jy;. mts; fijia mur kuk; nrhy;tjhf
mikjy;. fij ,ilapy; njhlq;FfpwJ.
kw;w vO fijfSk; Mrphpah; fij nrhy;tjhf mike;jit.
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jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;
iyyh k[;D> mdhh;f;fyp Nghd;w ghj;jpuq;fisj; jkpOf;F mwpKfk; nra;jth;.
,thpd; nkhopngah;g;Gjhd; fhg+yp thyh %yk; jh$h; vOjpaJ.
1) tPurhkpr; nrl;bahhpd; tpNehj urkQ;rhp> jhz;ltuha Kjypahhpd; - gQ;r
je;jpjuf; fijfs;> nry;tf; Nfrtuha Kjypahhpd; mgpeaf; fijfs; rpWfij
cUtpy; cUg;ngwj; njhlq;fpd.
2) t.Nt.R. Iah;: kq;ifah;f;furpapd; fhjy; Kjypa fijfs;> t.Nt.R. tpd;
rpWfijj; njhFg;G MFk;.
3) Fsj;jq;fiu murkuk; nrhd;d fij> jkpopd; Kjy; rpWfij vd;Dk;
ngUikiag; ngWfpwJ.
M. khjitah : Gidngah; Frpfh;> ngz;fs; Kd;Ndw;wk; %lek;gpf;if>
tpLjiy Nehf;F (c.k;) Nfhlhq;fp uhKL.
1920-fSf;Fg; gpwF : fhe;jpabfs; tuT ,e;jpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lr; #oy;.
Njr xw;Wik> tpLjiyg;Nghh;> kJ xopg;G Kjypait fijfspd;
nfhs;iffshapd.
4) uh[h[p : nfhs;if - Fbapd; jPik E}y; - jpf;fw;w ghh;tjp.
,jo; rhh; vOj;jhsh;fs;:
1933 Kjy; 55 tiu kzpf;nfhb ,jo;> rpWfijia Xh; ,af;fkhff; nfhz;L
tsh;j;jJ. vOj;J ,jOk; ,jpy; gq;F nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jpy;>
1. F.g. ,uh[Nfhghyd;
2. e.gpr;r%h;j;jp
3. jp. [hdfpuhkd;
4. rp.r. nry;yg;gh
5. b.v];. ,uhikah
6. GJikg;gpj;jd;
7. ty;ypf;fz;zd;.
8. mNrhfkpj;jpud;
9. fy;fp
10. F.mofphprhkp
11. yh. r. uhkrhkp
12. n[afhe;jd;
13. eh. ghh;j;jrhujp
Mfpa vOj;jhsh;fspd; rpWfijfs; ntspte;jd.
1. jp.[hdfpuhkd;: czh;TfSf;F Kjd;ik: mofpay; ghpkhzk;> ciuahly;>
tbtk;. ngz;zpar; rpf;fy; NgRtJ ,tuJ rpwg;G. rpyph;g;G nfhl;LNksk;> mf;gh;
rh];jphp> NfhGu tpsf;F ,tuJ fijfs;.
Page 2
rpWfijfs;
2. gp. v];. ,uhikah: r%fr; rpf;fy;fspy; ehl;lk;> jPhT ; fisg; gw;wp
vLj;Jiuf;ftpy;iy. el;rj;;jpuf; Foe;ijfs; ,tuJ Gfo;ngw;w rpWfij.
3. GJikg;gpj;jd;: fghlGuk;> Gjpa xsp> rpj;jp> Mz;ik> md;W ,uT>
GJikg;gpj;jd; rpWfijfs;.
4. flTSk; fe;jrhkpg; gps;isAk;> vl;l ,Ue;J tuk; ngwyhk;> cq;fNshL ,Ue;J
tho KbahJ.
5. mfy;ia: cs;sj; J}a;ikia Ntz;LtJ. nfsjkh; MWjy; mile;J
,e;jpuid kd;dpg;gJ.
6. rhg tpNkhrdk;: ght tpNkhrdk; ,y;iyNa. Jd;gf; Nfzp> kdpj ae;jpuk;>
rpw;gpapd; eufk;> jpahf %h;j;jp> nghd;dfuk;> fapw;wuT> fy;ahzp> epidTg;
ghij> kfhkrhdk;> Ntjhsk; nrhd;d fij. md;W Nfyp> fpz;ly; mq;fj;Jld;
rKjhar; rpf;fy;fis vLj;Jiuj;jhh;. ,tuJ fijapNy fy;Yk; caph; ngw;W
tUk;. njhd;kf; fijfisAk; Ma;Tf;F cl;gLj;jpaij rhgtpNkhrdk;>
mfypif fijfs; Gyg;gLj;Jk;. flTs; kdpjdplk; rpf;fpdhy; gLk;ghl;ilf;
flTSk; fe;jhrhkpg; gps;isAk; vLj;Jiuf;Fk;. xUehs; fope;jJ fghlGuk;>
fapw;wuT Kjyhdit ,tuJ gilg;Gfs;. jkpo;ehl;bd; khg;gh]hd; vd;Wk;>
rpWfij kd;dd; vd;Wk; Nghw;wg;gLfpwhh;.
7. n[afhe;jd;: rpWfij njhFg;Gfs; : cjak;> xU gpb NrhW> ,dpg;Gk; fhpg;Gk;>
Njtd; tUthuh> Rikjhq;fp> Afre;jp> Gjpa thh;g;Gfs;> Rajhprdk;> FUgPlk;>
rf;fuq;fs; epw;gjpy;iy.
8. rpWfijfs; rpy: mf;fpdpg; gpuNtrk;> GJr; nrUg;Gf; fbf;Fk;> cz;ik RLk;>
gpuNkhgNjrk;> xU gpb NrhW> ,Uisj; Njb> gpusak;> xU gfy; Neu ghnrd;[h;
tz;b> jphprq;F nrhh;f;fk;> ,utpy; Mz;ik> fy;ahzp.
9. R. rKj;juk; : Kjy; rpWfij : mq;Nf fy;ahzk; ,q;Nf fyhl;lh. ,J Mde;j
tpfldpy; ntspte;jJ.
10. rpWfijj; njhFg;Gfs;: cwTf;F mg;ghy;> xU rj;jpaj;jpd; mOif> fhfpj cwT.
rpWfijfs; rpy : NghJk; cq;f cgfhuk;> xNu xU Nuh[h> ,yT fhj;j fpsp>
gyNtrk;.
11. F.g.uh. : Gdh; n[d;kk;> fhzhkNy fhjy;> fdfhk;guk;> fhQ;rd khiy> rpwpJ
ntspr;rk;> tpbAkh> jpiu.
12. mwpQh; mz;zh: gyhgyd;> RL%Q;rp> md;djhdk;> Nga; Xbg;Nghr;R> ,U
guk;giufs;> #jhb> nrt;thio> jQ;ir tPo;r;rp> gpb rhk;gy;> Gyp efk;> uh[h[p
uh[h> nrhh;f;fj;jpy; eufk;.
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jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;
13. fp. uh[ehuhazd;: fjT> fd;dpik> Ntl;b> mk;kh gps;is> mg;gh gps;is>
ehw;fhyp
14. nksdp: mopahr; Rlh;> kzf;Nfhyk;> fhjy; miy> khWjy;> gpugQ;r fhdk;>
kdj;Njh;> rhtpy; gpwe;j rpU\;b.
15. gp.v];.uhikah: gzk; gpioj;jJ> jOk;G (kdpj - kdpj cwT) epidT Kfk;
kiwf;ftpy;iy> fhk jfdk; (kdpj - r%f cwT)> el;rj;jpuf; Foe;ij
nfhj;jdhh; Nfhapy; (kdpj - nja;t cwT)
16. F.mofphprhkp: rphpf;ftpy;iy> jtg;gad;> nja;tk; gpwe;jJ> ,U rNfhjuh;fs;>
fw;gf tpUl;rk;> tug;gpurhjk;> md;gspg;G.
17. uh[h[p: epue;ju nry;tk;> gps;isahh; fhg;ghw;wpdhh;> fw;gidf; fhL.
18. ty;ypf;fz;zd; : 500f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpWfijfis vOjpath;. ehl;baf;fhhp>
ty;ypf;fz;zd; fijfs;> Mz; rpq;fk;> tho tpUk;gpatd; Kjyhdit ,tuJ
rpWfijj; njhFg;Gfs;.
19. mNrhfkpj;jpud; : eLj;ju th;f;f kdpjh;fspd; tho;tpay; rpf;fy;fisg; NgRgth;.
vspik nrhw;rpf;fdk;> ,ay;ghd ciuahly; ,tuJ rpwg;G. chpik Ntl;if>
cj;ju uhkhazk; ,tuJ njhFg;Gfs;. mg;ghtpd; rpNefpjh; vd;Dk; rpWfijj;
njhFg;gpw;Fr; rhfpj;jpa mfhlkp ghpR ngw;Ws;shh;.
20. fy;fp : eifr;Rit eil. xNu %r;rpy; gbf;fj; J}z;Lk; fijg;ghq;F jpUld;
kfd; jpUld;> tPiz gthdp Kjypad ,tUila rpWfijfs;.
fy;fp : Nfjhhpapd; jhahh;> fhhpUspy; xU kpd;dy;> mgiyapd; fz;zPh;>
khlj;Njtd; Rid> ];tg;gd Nyhfk;> jpUntOe;J}h; rptf;nfhOe;J.
21. F. mofphp rhkp : fhpry; tl;lhur; rhh;G> vspa eil> ,ay;ghd rpj;jhpg;G>
moFzh;r;rp> rKjhar; rpe;jid Mfpait ,tuJ rpwg;Gfs;. jtg;gad;>
rphpf;ftpy;iy ,tw;wpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit.
Yh.r.uhkhkpUjk; : Mokhd czh;TfisAk; ntspf;nfhzUk; Mw;wy;.
tho;f;if Kuz;> kdpj Kuz;fis ntspf;nfhzUk; if.
K.t. : ,dpik> vspik> fUj;jhok; ,tuJ rpWfijg; gz;Gfs;. tpLjiyah>
Fwl;il xyp Mfpait K.t.tpd; njhFg;Gfs;.
fp. uh[ehuhazd; : fhpry;fhl;L kzk; fko vOj ty;yth;. jhj;jh nrhd;d
fijfs; - rpwg;Gf;FhpaJ.
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rpWfijfs;
fp.th. [fe;ehjd; : ey;y gilg;ghsp> fiyQd; jpahfk;> gts ky;ypif ,tuJ
rpwe;j gilg;Gfs;.
n[frpw;gpad;: ,tuJ> xU ghuj Gj;jpud; 1986 ,;;y; jkpof murpd; Kjw; ghpR
ngw;wJ.
R. rKj;jpuk;: Fw;wk; ghh;f;fpy;> fhfpj cwT> Nrhw;Wg;gl;lhsk;> xU Nfhl;Lf;F
ntspNa Kjyhdit ,tuJ gq;fspg;Gfs;.
Rg;ughujpkzpad;: jpUg;G+h; efiuf; fskhf;fp efu kakhjypd; Ntfj;jpy;
rpijTWk; kdpjk; gw;wpr; rpWfijfs; vOjp tUfpwhh;.
ngz; vOj;jhsh;fspd; rpWfijfs;:
ngz;fspd; rpf;fy;fis 1970-fSf;Fg; gpwF Neubahfg; ngz;fNs Ngrf;
fsj;jpy; ,wq;fpdh;. mjd; tpisthf ngz;fspd; tho;tpay; rpf;fy;fs; cyf
muq;fpy; cs;sJ cs;sgb muq;Nfwj; njhlq;fpd.
,uh[k; fpU\;zd;: 100f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpWfijfs; gilj;
-Js;shh;. ngz;fspd; MSikia epiyehl;Lgth;. ngz;fspd; Nfhzj;jpy;
nra;jpfis Muha;thh;. fhyq;fhykhf mlf;fp itf;fg;gl;l ngz;fspd;
czh;Tfisf; Nfhgkhf ntspf; nfhzu ty;yth;.
Mk;ig: ngz;fspd; rpf;fy;fis Mokhfg; gjpT nra;gth;. tPl;bd; %iyapy;
xU rikayiw vd;Dk; rpWfij ngz;zpd; tho;tplKk; $l tPl;bd; %iyapy;
tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUg;gijf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ky;Yf;fl;Lk; rpwg;ghd fij.
#lhkzp: cs;sj;jpd; czh;Tfis cs;sgb Gyg;gLj;j ty;yth;. fijfs;
njwpg;ghf ,Uf;Fk;. xspapd; Kd; ,tuJ njhFg;G.
mDuhjh ukzd;: eilapd; <h;g;ghy; fijapd; Ntfj;ijf; $l;Lgth;>
ngz;fspd; rpf;fy;fis kpf mofhf ntspg;gLj;j ty;yth;. fhyr;Rik jhq;fp
rpwg;ghd rpWfij.
jpyftjp : ngz;fSf;F vjpuhf ,iof;fg;gLk; mePjpfisg; ngz;fs; jl;bf;
Nfl;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; vz;zj;jpdh;. Fbirapy; thOfpd;w ,sk;ngz; ehF
jdf;F ,iof;fg;gl;l nfhLikia vjph;j;J fhspahf cUntLg;gij fhsp
vd;Dk; ,tuJ rpWfij rpj;jhpf;fpd;wJ.
ghf;ah : mq;fPfhuk;> tyk;Ghp vd;Dk; ,tuJ rpWfijj; njhFg;GfspYk;
elg;gpay; kw;Wk; ngz;fspd; rpf;fy;fis Kd; itf;fpwhh;. ghf;ah> tho;f;ifapy;
kdpjh;fis El;gkhfg; gbg;gtuhf ,Uf;fpwhh;. cyf ,ay;Gfspd; gpiofisj;
jd;ikahfg; gjpT nra;fpwhh;. gilg;gpyf;fpa Nts;tpf;Fs; jd;id <LgLj;jpf;
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jkpo; ,yf;fpak;;
nfhz;Ls;s ,thpd; vOj;jpy; nghwpfs; fhzf; fplf;fpd;wd vdg; ghy; epytd;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
rpWfijg; Nghw;Wk; Kaw;rpfs;:
Mde;j tpfld; Mz;LNjhWk; rpWfijg; Nghl;b elj;jp tUfpwJ. rpwe;j
rpWfijf;Fg; ghpRfs; toq;fg;gLfpwJ. Mde;j tpfld; rpWfijg; Nghl;bapy;
rpiw vd;Dk; fijf;F &. 10000 mDuhjh ukzd; ghprhfg; ngw;whh;.
fizahop: gj;jphpif jukhd fijfis ntspapl;L tUfpwJ.
nrd;idapy; cs;s ,yf;fpa rpe;jid vd;Dk; mikg;G gj;jphpifapy; tUk;
fijfspy; rpwe;jtw;iwj; Njh;e;njLj;Jj; njhFg;Gfshf;fpg; gjpT nra;fpd;wJ.
fiyQd; gjpg;gfk; n[afhe;jd;> mNrhfkpj;jpud;> g+kzp Kjyhd 20
vOj;jhsh;fspd; rpWfijj; njhFg;Gfis ntspapl;Ls;sJ.
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