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Basic Assumption of Kinetic Theory

The document discusses the kinetic theory of gases and the pressure exerted by gas molecules. It outlines 9 basic assumptions of kinetic theory, including that gas molecules are in constant random motion and collisions are elastic. It then derives the relationship between pressure P, volume V, amount of gas N, and average molecular kinetic energy using the concept that pressure is due to molecular momentum changes upon collisions with container walls. The derivation shows that the ideal gas law is PV=1/3Nmv2, relating pressure, volume, amount of gas and average molecular kinetic energy.

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89 views3 pages

Basic Assumption of Kinetic Theory

The document discusses the kinetic theory of gases and the pressure exerted by gas molecules. It outlines 9 basic assumptions of kinetic theory, including that gas molecules are in constant random motion and collisions are elastic. It then derives the relationship between pressure P, volume V, amount of gas N, and average molecular kinetic energy using the concept that pressure is due to molecular momentum changes upon collisions with container walls. The derivation shows that the ideal gas law is PV=1/3Nmv2, relating pressure, volume, amount of gas and average molecular kinetic energy.

Uploaded by

gozombie43
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Education

CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
Contact: +91-89207-59559, 8076563184
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: [email protected]

Kinetic Theory of Gases

1. Basic Assumption of Kinetic Theory:


1. Any infinitely small volume of a gas contains a large number of molecule.
2. A gas is made up identical molecule which behaves as rigid, perfectly elastic, hard sphere.
3. The molecules continuously move about in random directions. All directions of motion are
equally probable.
4. The size of the molecules is much less than the average distance between them.
5. The molecule of a gas exert no force on each other except when they collide.
6. The collision between molecules and with walls are perfectly elastic.
7. The direction of molecular velocities are assumed to be distribute uniformly.
8. The molecules move with all speeds ranging from 0 to ∞.
9. The time of collision is much less than the time between collisions.

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559, 8076563184
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: [email protected]
1
Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
Contact: +91-89207-59559, 8076563184
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: [email protected]

Pressure Exerted by a Gas


Suppose there are n molecules per cubic meter each of mass m, and its is assumed that ni no. of
molecule have velocity vi .

Mathematically
 ni  n and vi2  vix2  viy2  viz2

where vix viy and viz are x, y, z component of velocity of gases.

vi2
From assume of kinetic theory of gases vix2  viy2  viz2 
3
suppose molecules are kept in the cubic container of parameter L .
A molecule moving in the x direction will have momentum mvix normal to face of the cube

before collision
Pix  mv ix   mv ix   2mv ix

ni 2mvix ni 2mvix2 ni mvix2


Force acting on the wall by molecule is f ix   
t 2L L

mni vix2
Pressure exert on the wall of container by molecule Pix 
L3
so that pressure in the x direction expected by all group
m
Px   Pix  3
 ni vix2
L
Average value of v2 is given by

n v 2
i ix n v 2
i ix
v x2  i
 i 1

n i n

For three dimensional system vx2  v 2y  vz2  v 2 and

v2
for isotropic system v 2
x  v 2
y  v 2
z 
3
So Px can be written as,
2
m 1m 1 mn v
Px  3
n v x2 , P  Px  n v2 P
L 3 L3 3 V

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559, 8076563184
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: [email protected]
2
Education
CSIR NET-JRF, GATE, IIT-JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE for Physics
H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
Contact: +91-89207-59559, 8076563184
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: [email protected]

1
PV  mN v 2
3
where V is volume of the container and v 2 is average value of square of velocity.

H.N. 28 A/1, Jia Sarai, Near IIT-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016
#: +91-89207-59559, 8076563184
Website: www.pravegaa.com | Email: [email protected]
3

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