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10.2 TU - Heterophyes

1) Heterophyes heterophyes is a small trematode parasite found in humans. It lives in the small intestine and has a life cycle involving snail and fish intermediate hosts. 2) Symptoms of heterophyes infection are usually mild but can include abdominal pain and diarrhea. Eggs may also spread to other organs causing more severe symptoms. 3) Diagnosis is made by finding the parasite's eggs in feces. Treatment involves praziquantel and prevention focuses on thoroughly cooking fish from endemic areas.

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Stephen Pramatya
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31 views5 pages

10.2 TU - Heterophyes

1) Heterophyes heterophyes is a small trematode parasite found in humans. It lives in the small intestine and has a life cycle involving snail and fish intermediate hosts. 2) Symptoms of heterophyes infection are usually mild but can include abdominal pain and diarrhea. Eggs may also spread to other organs causing more severe symptoms. 3) Diagnosis is made by finding the parasite's eggs in feces. Treatment involves praziquantel and prevention focuses on thoroughly cooking fish from endemic areas.

Uploaded by

Stephen Pramatya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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9/10/2020

• The smallest trematodes in humans


• Family Heterophydae
• The prevalence of infection is mostly found in
Heterophyes heterophyes West Nile and Turkey
• Adult worms live in the small intestine and
Lynda Rossyanti,dr.,M.Ked.Trop have a life span of 2 months
Departemen Parasitologi
FK UNAIR

MORPHOLOGY
Adult Stage • Ventral sucker is larger than oral sucker, has
genital sucker or gonotyl which is located
posterolateral to ventral sucker
• Pyriformis shaped,
• The testes are oval and located side by side on
the anterior is rounded, the posterior 1/5 of the body
(Human Parasitology, Burton,2013)

the posterior part is wider • The ovaries are round and located anterior to
• Small body, 1-1.7 mm long, the testes
width 0.3 - 0.4 mm • The utery is indention
• Gray in color

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SIKLUS HIDUP
MORPHOLOGY

Egg Stage

• Shape : oval
Sumber : wikipedia
• Size 28-30 x 15-17 mikron
• Have operkulum
• Contain mirasidium

• Definitif host : human, cat, dog, fish eating PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
mamalia
• Intermediate : • Asymptomatis
1. Snails (Pironella, cerithidea) • Mild inflammation of the intestinal mucosa
2. Ikan (Mullet, tilapia) where adult worms attach
• Severe cases → intestinal wall mucosal
damage → abdominal pain and diarrhea
MODE OF TRANSMISSION • Sometimes eggs can enter blood vessels,
• Eat raw or undercooked fish that contain lymph nodes and extraintestinal organs
metacercariae • Heterophyd myocarditis

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DIAGNOSIS
Finding eggs in feces
(the morphology is difficult to distinguish from
other heterophyd eggs and Clonorchis sinensis) Metagonimus yokogawai

PREVENTION
Avoid eating raw fish

• Family : Heterophydae Morphology-Adult Stage


• Found in far east, northern Siberia, Balkan
states, Spain and Japan
• Measuring 1.4 x 0.6 mm, similar with
• Discovered by Katsurasa in 1911-1913 Heterophyes heterophyes
• The definitive hosts: humans, pigs, dogs and • Has two suckers (oral and ventral sucker)
pelicans
• Oral sucker slightly on lateral
• Intermediate host :
1. Snail (Semisulcospira libertina)
2. Fish (Plectoglossus altivelis, Odontobutis
obscurus, Salmo perryi, Leuciscus
hakuensis) www.nih.go.jp/niid/para/atlas/images/yokol.gif

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Life Cycle
• Ventral sucker turns right on a diagonal axis
• The uterus is located between the testis and
the ventral sucker
• The testes are oval and located oblique

Clinical Manifestations
Epidemiology
• Asimtomatis
• Adult worms >> → chronic intermittent
Humans become infected when they eat fish or
diarrhea, nausea, and vague abdominal pain.
sushi with fish from endemic areas
• Lethargy and anorexia
• Severe infection → epigastric distress, fatigue
Metagonimiasis is common in Japan, 10-15% of
and malaise
the population along rivers
• Eggs can be deposited in brain tissue, spinal
cord and heart → seizures, neurological
deficits, and cardiac insufficiency

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• Definitive diagnosis: finding eggs in the stool


• Drug of choice : Praziquantel 75 mg/kg/hari

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