Client Centered Therapy
Carl Rogers Personality Theory Fully Functioning Person
Abraham Maslow
(1908 - 1970)
A therapist Self-Discrepancies Self-Actualisation
Someone who is able to self actualise (Always trying
to attain the full human potential); ideal
Resu
n
ts i
...is congruent with the client
sul
lts in
Re
...provides unconditional positive regard Conditional Unconditional Characteristics of a fully functioning person
...shows empathy towards the client Positive Regard Positive Regard
in Childhood
1 - Open to experiences 4 - Creativity
2 - Existential living 5 - Fulfilled in life
Carl Rogers 3 - Trust feelings
(1902 - 1987) Founding Fathers
Ideal & Actual Self
14th Century Rationality and Consciousness
Humanism Existentialism 40s
1950s 19
Thir
d Forc
e
holo
gy Key Low Incongruence Higer Incongruence
Assumptions
Psyc
1912 The Humanistic
Likely satisfied and
Gestaltism
Aka
Non adjustable in life
Phenomenology
1927 happy in life or in effective society
Free Will Subjective view
Finding meaning from within
rather than external environment
Behaviourism Psychoanalysis Ideal Self Actual Self
Considered as dehumanising by humanists
Congruence v/s Incongruence
Observances of Humanistic Psychology in Everyday Life
There is no difference There is difference
between a person's actual between a person's actual
experience and ideal self experience and ideal self
IDEAL REAL
Self Actualisation
Self Actualisation as defined by Maslow (1971) "is the intrinsic growth of what is
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Five Human Needs
already in the organism, or more accurately, of what the organism is." Source: (Pennington, 2003)
Only when the first four
Criteria for the Goals to Self-Actualise; needs (Deficiency Needs)
are satisfied, one can
- Personal satisfaction achieve self-actualisation Need to realise full
- Positive contribution to the development of the society needs Self- potential
Actualisation
A comprehensive view of individuals' Peak Experiences - Support and help others Needs
Self Respect,
valued by others
experiences, emotions, thoughts,
Personal Orientation Inventory (POI) is a standardised test to measure a person's Self-Esteem
behaviours, and social interactions. "Peak experiences are often described as Needs
Self Actualisation (Shostrum 1963, 1977)
To be with others and
transcendent moments of pure joy and loved
ds
elation. These are moments that stand
Nee
Holism Belongingness and Love
out from everyday events. The memory
ncy
A comprehensive view of
individuals' experiences,
Jonah Complex for d
ed ty an
icie
emotions, thoughts,
of such events is lasting and people e
N uri om r
c d a
Def
se free fe
behaviours, and social often liken them to a spiritual In males,
In females,
- Reluctance to use
Safety Needs
fro
m
interactions.
experience." Fear of Self Actualise, i.e.
o , w or
- Wish to avoid
ep n, ,
sle xyge ater
intellectual abilities
d f
foo Need
being the best and responsibility or
tc.
- (Cherry 2020) - Fear of being
,e
- Belief that success successful in their
Aligns with humanistic psychology's focus reaching full potential does not bring social career Physiological Needs
recognition Hyland (1989) stated that
on inner experiences and self-development. (Hoffman 1974) they do not exhibit it if judged
against female norms
References
Reflection Cherry, K. (2020). How Peak Experience Are a Part of Self-Actualization. Verywell Mind.
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-are-peak-experiences-2795268#citation-1
Heidegger, M. (1962). Being and time. Blackwell. (Original work published 1927)
Hoffman, L. W. (1974). Fear of success in males and females: 1965 and 1971. Journal of
Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(3), 353–358. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0036670
Hyland, M. E. (1989). There is no motive to avoid success: The compromise explanation for
Reaching my full potential and self-development has always been an success-avoiding behavior. Journal of Personality, 57(3), 665–693.
intrinsic part of me since early high school, personally, I developed an idea https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1989.tb00567.x
of perfectionism, though it is both a pro and sometimes a con. Leonard, V. (2020, July 14). 2.2: Self-Discrepancy Theory. Social Sci LibreTexts.
https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/College_of_the_Canyons/_(Leonard)/2%3A
I chose this school of thought for the above reason and cause, it is an _Communication_and_the_Self/2.2%3A_Self-Discrepancy_Theory
important fact to develop and observe oneself from within as well as study Maslow, A. (1970). Psychology and teaching. Maslow, Abraham H. Motivation and personality,
the external factors that affect one within. The internal factors affect how 2nd Ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1970, 369 p. Psychology in the Schools, 7(4), 410–
410.
one observes, deals with, preserves, and interprets the exterior. If a person’s
https://doi.org/10.1002/1520-6807(197010)7:4%3C410::aid- pits2310070426%3E3.0.co;2-3
internal is developed with self-esteem, self-confidence, self-love, Maslow, A. H. (1971). Self-actualization. Tiburon, CA, USA: Big Sur Recordings.
compassion, love, respect and all the positive aspects; not only is it Maslow, A. H. (1982). Toward a psychology of being. Van Nostrand Reinhold.
beneficial for the individual and the family but to society as a whole, as a Pennington, D. C. (2003). Advanced psychology AQA. Hodder & Stoughton Educational.
self-actualised individual contributes better and effectively as well as act as Quynh834. (2023a). Abraham harold Maslow (1908 - 1970). In Wikimedia Commons.
respectable members of society. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Abraham_harold_Maslow_(1908_-_1970).jpg
Quynh834. (2023b). Carl Rogers (1902 - 1987). In Wikimedia Commons.
The old and aged theme of my infographic represents the fact that humans https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*zrhsUtyy-
Lfr4gQxMLgUQg.jpeg
have been trying to reach their full potential since the beginning of time,
Remund, M. C., Peris-Ortiz, M., & Gehrke, H.-J. (2017). The Vitruvian Man of Leonardo da
without which we as species wouldn't be where we are today. The Vinci as a model of innovative entrepreneurship at the intersection of business, art and
‘Vitruvian Man’ by Leonardo Da Vinci from during the Renaissance technology. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 6(1).
period is “a symbol of harmony, a canon of proportions and the epitome of https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-017-0077-9
perfection.” (Remund et al., 2017) It fits perfectly with the idea of Rogers, C. (1980). A way of being. Houghton Mifflin Co.
humanism which is one of the inspirations of Humanistic Psychology. Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client-centered therapy; its current practice, implications, and theory.
Houghton Mifflin.
Since, the concept of humanistic psychology, inspires the person who I am Rogers, C. R. (1961). On Becoming a Person. A therapist’s view of psychotherapy. Pp. Xi. 420.
Constable & Co.: London; Printed In U.S.A.
and am to become, I chose the same as the main key idea of my
Sullivan, E. (2019). Self-actualization | psychology. In Encyclopædia Britannica.
infographic. https://www.britannica.com/science/self-actualization
Zaky, H. (2018). Phenomenological and Humanistic Psychology: Formulating Adult Education
Instructional System to Increase ESL Learners’ Autonomy. JOURNAL of
PSYCHOLOGY & BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE, 6(2).
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