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Forest Protection

This document discusses forest protection, which aims to prevent and control damages to forests from humans, animals, insects, fungi, plants, and weather. It outlines various causes of damage, including deforestation, shifting cultivation, fires, grazing, diseases, climatic factors, and invasive species. It then describes measures to protect against human-caused injuries like encroachment, fire control, controlling insects and pests through silvicultural, mechanical, technical and chemical methods. Overall, the document outlines the threats to forests and various management strategies to promote forest health and protection.

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prakhar
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134 views17 pages

Forest Protection

This document discusses forest protection, which aims to prevent and control damages to forests from humans, animals, insects, fungi, plants, and weather. It outlines various causes of damage, including deforestation, shifting cultivation, fires, grazing, diseases, climatic factors, and invasive species. It then describes measures to protect against human-caused injuries like encroachment, fire control, controlling insects and pests through silvicultural, mechanical, technical and chemical methods. Overall, the document outlines the threats to forests and various management strategies to promote forest health and protection.

Uploaded by

prakhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Forest Protection

FOREST PROTECTION : the branch of forestry deal with the activities directed toward the
prevention and control of damages to forest by man (including fire), Animals, insect, fungi,
injurious plants and adverse weather.

❑ KINDS OF DAMAGES
⁎ MAN-MADE DAMAGES : deforestation, illicit felling, shifting cultivation, Lopping, poaching,
encroachment, etc.
⁎ FOREST FIRE | DOMESTIC & WILD ANIMALS (grazing, browsing, etc.)
⁎ DISEASES : Fungi, Bacteria, etc. | INSECT : In Dindori-Mandla Division, 16 lakh trees had to be
cut due to Sal Heartwood borer attack (during 1996-2002).
⁎ INJURIES DUE TO CLIMATIC FACTORS : frost, flood, drought, snowfall, strong wind, etc.
⁎ DAMAGES DUE TO OTHER PLANTS : weeds, parasites, epiphytes, Invasive species, etc.
PROTECTION AGAINST INJURIES BY MAN

❑ Deforestation IFoS 2017 : Discuss briefly the impacts of


❑ Shifting cultivation humans on forest health. Explain different
measures to check forest encroachment (15
❑ Illicit felling and illicit removal of forest produce m).
❑ Forest fire IFoS 2013 : Describe the anthropogenic causes
❑ Encroachment of forest destruction. How can these be
checked ? (10 m).
❑ Defective management
❑ Other damages, such as lopping, removal of leaf
litter, removal of flowers and fruits, poaching,
environmental pollution, etc.
FIRE CONTROL (REMEDIAL) MEASURES
Counter firing or backfiring
Definition ? Grazing pattern

Types : ❑ Migratory grazing

Grazing system or pattern ❑ 24 Hrs grazing


❑ Day grazing
Grazing regions
❑ Penning or stall feeding
Damages

Solutions
CONTROL MEASURES OF INSECT/PESTS

(1) Choice of resistant species,


Silvicultural control
(2) Composition of crop,
Mechanical (3) Thinnings,
(4) Size of the regeneration area,
Technical
(5) Method of regeneration and
Biological (6) Fire.

Chemical
PATHOGEN : A number of soil fungi*** of the genus Pythium*, Rhizoctonia*, Phytophthora*, and Fusarium*
mainly responsible for dumping-off. In India, Rhizoctonia solani is the most important cause for damping-
off in conifer nurseries.

▪ FACTORS AFFECTING DAMPING OFF : The intensity of this disease is influenced by a number of
conditions such as –
❑ Anaerobic conditions in the root zone – due to clay (heavy) or wet soil that favor fungal growth.
❑ High temperature – fungal growth rapid in warmth and humid condition i.e. diseases developed
more in summer.
❑ Soil pH : the effect of these diseases more in alkaline or neutral soil than the acidic soil.
❑ Low light intensity : low light reduce metabolism in the tree sampling as well as increases soil
moisture contents.
❑ Damping-off also favor under – dense sowings, application of nitrogen fertilizers in high doses, and
dumping un-decomposed raw humus.

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