VIJETA SERIES CLASS-12th

PRACTICE SHEET

(PHYSICS)
Chapter: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
Multiple Choice Answer Type Questions 5. A parallel plate capacitor is charged and then
1. An uncharged conductor A is brought near a disconnected from the source of potential
positively charged conductor B. Then; difference. If the plates of the condenser are then
(1) the charge on B will increase, but the potential moved farther apart by the use of insulated handle,
of B will not change. which of the following is true?
(2) the charge on B will not change, but the (1) The charge on the capacitor increases.
potential of B will decrease. (2) The charge on the capacitor decreases.
(3) the charge on B will decrease, but the potential (3) The capacitance of the capacitor increases.
of B will not change. (4) The potential difference across the plates
(4) the charge on B will not change, but the increases.
potential of B will increase.
Assertion and Reason Answer Type Questions
2. When the positively charged hanging pendulum bob Directions: These questions consist of two statements
is made fixed, the work done in slowly shifting a each, printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering
unit positive charge from infinity to P is V. If the these questions, you are required to choose any one of the
pendulum is free to move, the corresponding work following four responses.
done is V'. Then;
(1) V = V′ (2) V > V′ 6. Assertion (A): A capacitor is a device which stores
(3) V < V′ (4) V < V′ electric energy in the form of electric field.
Reason (R): Net charge on the capacitor is always
3. A spherical capacitor has an inner sphere of radius zero.
12 cm and an outer sphere of radius 13 cm. The (1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
outer sphere is earthed, and the inner sphere is given and the Reason (R) is a correct explanation of
a charge of 2.5μC. Assertion (A).
The space between the concentric spheres is filled (2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
with a liquid of dielectric constant 32. Determine the but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of
potential of the inner sphere. Assertion (A).
(1) 400 V (2) 450 V (3) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is False.
(3) 500 V (4) 300 V (4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are False.

4. A parallel plate capacitor has plates of area A and

separation d and is charged to a potential difference
V. The charging battery is then disconnected and the
plates are pulled apart until their separation is 2d.
What is the work required to separate the plates?
2ε0 AV 2 ε0 AV 2
(1) (2)
d d
2ε0 AV 2 ε0 AV 2
(3) (4)
2d 2d

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7. Assertion (A): When two conductors charged to Case Based Study Answer Type Questions
different potentials are connected to each other, the 15. Let us now connect two more capacitors in the
negative charge always flows from lower potential circuit shown below. One of them, C5, is connected
to higher potential. in the part of the circuit between X and A. It could
Reason (R): In the charging process, there is always be either in series or in parallel with C1. The other,
a flow of electrons only. C6, is connected between A and B. It is observed
(1) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, whether we increase C6 or reduce it, equivalent
and Reason (R) is a correct explanation of capacitance between X and Y has the same value.
Assertion (A).
(2) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true,
but Reason (R) is not a correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(3) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is False.
(4) Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are False.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

8. What is electrostatic shielding?

9. Write the ratio of electric potential at a distance r on (I) Capacitance C5 is:

equatorial position to the electric potential at a (1) 1.24 µF in series with C1
distance r on axial position of an electric dipole. (2) 1.92 µF in parallel with C1
(3) 2.28 µF in series with C1
10. A regular hexagon of side 10 cm has a charge of (4) 2.56 µF in parallel with C1
5μC at each of its vertices. Calculate the potential at
the centre of the hexagon. (II) Charge on C5 will be:
(1) 32 µC (2) 28 µC
Short Answer Type Questions (3) 24 µC (4) 16 µC
11. Draw the equipotential surface for
(1) a dipole and
(2) two identical negative charges placed at a
certain distance apart.

12. When a dielectric medium (slab) is inserted between

the plates of a capacitor, then how is the capacitance
changed? Explain.

Long Answer Type Questions

13. When a capacitor of capacitance C charged upto a
potential V, then derive an expression for energy
stored in the capacitor.

14. Derive an expression for electrostatic potential due

to an electric dipole at any point P(r,q).

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 Answer Key

1. (2) 5. (4)
2. (2) 6. (2)
3. (2) 7. (2)
4. (4) 15. (I)-(2), (II)-(3)

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 Hints & Solutions

Multiple Choice Answer Type Questions 4π × 8.85 × 10−12 × 32 × 0.12 × 0.13

1. (2) C=
0.13 − 0.12
C = 5.5 × 10–9 F
2.5 × 10−6
V= =4.5 × 102 =450V
5.5 × 10−19
Option (2) is correct.
When sphere A is brought near B.
Charge will get induced on sphere A as shown in
4. (4)
figure below.
Let C1 and C2 be the capacitance of capacitor of
separation d and 2d respectively.
A ∈0 A ∈0
⇒ C1 =
= and C2
d 2d
The charge on sphere B is conserved, As there is no transfer of charge in case thus
So the charge on B will not change. charge will remain conserved.
Now due to induced charge in sphere A, the ⇒ q= 1 q= 2 q
potential of B will be affected. q = CV so,
As the negative charge is closer to B than the A ∈0
positive charge, the potential of B will decrease. = q ×V … (i)
d
So, option (2) is correct. We know that work done is given by change in
potential energy.
2. (2)
⇒ WD = ∆U =U f − Ui
If bob is positively charged, it will be repelled by
unit positive charge and in second case, distance q2 q2
W.D.
= −
between charges may increase. 2C2 2C1
Thus, final energy in the second case may be less Using equation (i) and putting the value of C1 and
than in first case. C2 we get
Hence, less work may be done in the second case. ∈0 AV 2
⇒ v > v’ W.D =
2d

3. (2) 5. (4)
Given Since the plates are disconnected, the charge on
Radius of inner sphere, r2 = 12cm , r2 = 0.12 m the plate remains conserved.
Radius of outer sphere,
= r1 13cm,
= r2 0.13m We know that,
Charge on inner spheres, q = 2.5 × 10–6 C Q = CV
Dielectric constant of a liquid ∈r =32 So, if distance between plates increases then
capacitance decreases.
Explanation
Potential of inner sphere is given by, So, if C↓ then V↑
q
V= Assertion and Reason Answer Type Questions
C
6. (2)
4π ∈0∈r r1r2
Capacitance, C =
r1 − r2
7. (2)
−12 2 −1 2
=0 8.85 × 10
Where, ∈ C N m

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Very Short Answer Type Questions • We know that dipole consists of two charges
8. Electrostatic shielding or screening is the i.e., positive charge and a negative charge.
phenomenon of protecting certain regions of space • Electric field lines arise from positive charge
from external electric field. We know that the and merge into the negative charge.
electric field inside a conductor is zero. Therefore,
to protect delicate instruments from external
electric fields, we enclose them in hollow
+ –
conductors called Faraday cages. For example,
during a thunderstorm accompanied by lightning,
it is safer to be inside a bus or a car than to be in • Similarly in the case of two identical negative
the open ground because the metallic body of the charge all the lines are entering into it (As
bus or car provides electrostatic shielding. shown in figure)

9. Potential of electric dipole is given

1 P cos θ
V=
4π∈0 r 2
For equatorial line θ= 90°
1 P cos90°
⇒ Vequitorial =
= 0
4π∈0 r2
For axial put θ = 0° 12. As the dielectric slab is introduced there is some
1 P cos 0° 1 P charge distribution in the slab and because of this
⇒ Vaxial =
= the electric field between the two plates is
4π∈0 r 2 4π∈0 r 2
decreased, due to which the capacitor can hold
Hence required ratio = 0
more charge. Thus, the capacity to hold charge of
the capacitor is increased.
10. Given:
Hexagon of side = 10 cm, q = 5µC
Long Answer Type Questions
13. Let us consider a capacitor of capacitance C farad,
with a potential difference of V volt between the
plates. The charge Q is equal to CV coulomb.
There is a charge +Q on one plate and –Q on the
other.
Two successive vertices from equilateral triangle In the process of charging, electrons are transferred
with the centre of hexagon from the positive to the negative plate, until each
So, r = a = 10 cm = 0.1 m plate acquires an amount of charge Q. Suppose
9 −6 during the process of charging, we increase the
 Kq  6 × 9 × 10 × 5 × 10
V0 =
6×  = charge from Q to Q + dQ by transferring an amount
 r  0.1
of negative charge dQ from the positive to the
5
V=
0 2.7 × 10 volt . negative plate. The potential difference between
the plates at that instant will be V = Q/C. The work
Short Answer Type Questions that has to be done is
11. • Equipotential surface is that surface which is Q
=dW V= dQ dQ .
having same potential at every point of that C
surface. Therefore, the total work done in charging the
• Equipotential surface for the dipole is shown capacitor from the uncharged state to the final
in the figure. charge Q will be,

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 Q 1 −q 1 q
1  Q2 
QQ 1 Q2 V2 = = −
=W ∫= dQ =  4πε0 AP 4πε0 (r + l cos θ)
0 C C  2  2 C
0 The resultant potential (a scalar) at P is
But Q = CV. V = V1 + V2
1 Q2 1 2 q  1 1 
∴ W= = Cv = −
2 C 2 4πε0  (r − l cos θ) (r + l cos θ) 

This is the energy U which is "stored" in the
q  (r + l cos θ) − (r − l cos θ) 
capacitor Thus, =
2
4πε0  r 2 − l 2 cos 2 θ


1Q 1 2
=U = CV joule . q 2l cos θ 1 p cos θ
2 C 2 = =
This energy resides in the electric field created
4πε0 r − l cos θ
2 2
( 2
) (
4πε0 r − l 2 cos 2 θ
2
)
between the plates of the charged capacitor. where p(= 2ql) is the magnitude of the dipole
The above expression can lead to the energy of a moment, Because r > > l, l2 cos2 θ can be neglected
charged conducting sphere for which C= 4πε0 a , in comparison to r2. Then, the resultant potential at
where a is radius of the sphere. Thus, its energy is, point P is
1Q 2
Q 2 1 p cos θ
=U = V= volt.
2 C 8πε a 4πε0 r 2
0

Case Based Study Answer Type Questions

14. Electric potential due to dipole at any point: Let
15. (I)-(2); (II)-(3)
P be a point at a large distance r from the center of
Potential difference across C4 is V4.
dipole at which electric potential is required. Let (r,
V4 = V1
θ) be the polar coordinates of P. Let us join PA and
V4 = 17.5 V
PB and draw AD and BC perpendiculars to OP.
Consider any branch say, XAY
Since r > > l, we can write,
Since C1 and C2 are in series, the charge on C2 is
also 35μC.
Using Q = CV for C2
35 35
C2= C= = = 2.8µF
V2 12.5
Equivalent capacitance of branch XAY is the series
equivalent of C3 = C = 2.8μF and C4 = 2μF i.e.,
1.17μF. These branches are in parallel between X
and Y, hence equivalent capacitance between X
and Y is 1.17 + 1.17 = 2.34μF.
Capacitor C5 is connected in the part of circuit
between X and A either in series or parallel with C1
= 2μF. Let the equivalent capacitance of C1 and C5,
i.e., the equivalent capacitance between X and A be
BP = CP = OP – OC = r – l cos θ
C1′ .
and AP = DP = OP + OD = r + l cos θ.
Now, the potential at P due to the charge +q of the Capacitor C6 is connected between A and B
dipole is, Obviously, the circuit then becomes a Wheatstone
1 q 1 q bridge.
=V1 = Further, since equivalent capacitance between X
4πε0 BP 4πε0 (r − l cos θ)
and Y is independent of the value of C6, it implies
and that due to the charge –q is,
that bridge is in the balanced condition and
potentials at A and B are now equal, so that,

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C1′ C2 C1′ 2.8 B at same potential and C6 has zero charge. C’1 and
= or = (C=
2 2.8µF, as or
C3 C 4 2.8 2 C2 are in series. Therefore, charge on C’1 and C2
determined earlier) has the same value, so that potential difference will
or C1 = 3.92μF be in the inverse ratio of capacitance.
C1′ is the equivalent capacitance of C1 = 2µF and  Q 1 
=Q CV = or V
C
hence for same Q, V ∝ '
C

C5, since C1′ > C1 , we can conclude that C1 and C5
V '1 2.8
are in parallel, So each individual capacitance. =≈ 0.71 or V '1 = 0.71V2
V '2 3.92
Hence, C1 And C5 are in parallel, so
From Equation (iv), 0.71V2 + V2 = 30 or V2 =
C=1′ C1 + C5
17.5V
or C5 = C1′ − C1 = 3.92 − 2 = 1.92µf
Hence V '1 =30 − V2 =12.5V
Since C1′ , is parallel equivalent of C1 and C5, so
V1′ + V2 =
30
potential difference across each is V1′ = 12.5V .
Hence, charge on C5 is,
C5 V1′ =1.92 × 12.5 =24 µC .

Since the bridge is in a balanced condition, A and

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