THE NOTRE DAME OF LIBUNGAN INC.

LIBUNGAN, NORTH COTABATO

Learning Plan in: Science Grade Level: 10 Date:

Teacher: Johnie Rey P. Villaruz, LPT Quarter: 1st

Topic: Evidences of Plate Movement

Content Standard

The learners demonstrate an understanding the relationship among the locations of

volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and mountain ranges

Performance Standard

The learners shall be able to demonstrate ways to ensure disasterpreparedness during

earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions

Learning Competencies

 describe the possible causes of plate movement;

Specific Objectives:
 describe the possible causes of plate movement
 investigate the pieces of evidence of the Continental Drift Theory;
 demonstrate the evolution of the oceanic crust through Sea Floor Spreading; and
 realize the importance of the seafloor spreading process relative to the Continental
Drift Theory.

I. INTRODUCTION AND PRELIMINARIES/EXPLORE (2 mins)

1. GREETINGS
2. SETTLING DOWN
3. PRAYER
4. ATTENDANCE
5. REVIEW

MOTIVATION: Vide Presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RA2-Vc4PIOY

Direction: The teacher will show a short video clip to the class about plates movements.

Process Questions:
1. Based o your opinion, do plate constantly moving?
2. What do you think are the proof that plates are really moving?

Transition statement
On our previous discussion we discuss about earthquakes and volcanoes. Today we will
continue to journey and learn more about science about evidences that plates are moving.

Pre-Assessment
Directions: Choose the best letter answer in each item. Write your answer in your
answer sheet.
1. What evidences do scientists use to support the Continental Drift Theory?
A. rocks, fossils, air C. rocks, fossils, climate
B. rocks, water, ice D. rocks, fossils, human beings

2. The youngest crust is found _________ the mid-ocean ridge.

A. far B. near C. beside D. away
3. If you are a cartographer, what would give you an idea that the continents
were once joined?
A. ocean depth C. position of the South Pole
B. shape of the continents D. size of the Atlantic Ocean
4. What discovery provided strong support for Continental Drift Theory?
A. Geology C. Electromagnetism
B. Fossil evidence D. Paleomagnetism
5. Which is not evidence of seafloor spreading?
A. molten magma constantly erupting C. fossil evidence
B. drilling samples of rock D. magnetic stripes
6. The magnets point north when Earth's magnetic field has __________.
A. magnetic reversal C. mid-ocean ridge
B. reversed polarity D. normal polarity
7. Why was Alfred Wegener's Continental Drift Theory not accepted immediately
by the people during his time?
A. He cannot explain what causes the continents to drift.
B. He explains that South America and Africa fit together like a puzzle.
C. He described that the rocks and mountains at the edges of the
continents were similar.
D. He explains that fossils of ancient plants such as "Glossopteris" can
be found in almost all continents.
8. Why were magnetic patterns found on the ocean floor puzzling?
A. They did not show alternating bands of normal and reversed polarity.
B. They showed alternating bands of normal and reversed polarity.
C. No rocks were magnetic.
D. All rocks were magnetic.
9. What do you call the process that forms and moves new oceanic crust?
A. magnetic reversal C. convection
B. seafloor spreading D. trenching
10. What do you call the supercontinent landmass formed million years ago?
A. Pangaea C. Asia
B. Panthalassa
D. Eurasia
11. If Australia is moving about 2cm/ year and was drifted from the ridge by
1000km, how long ago was it when Australia was near the ridge?
A. 50 million years C. 500 million years
B. 10 million years D. cannot be predicted

12. Which one among the continental drift pieces of evidence mainly proves that
the Cape Mountains of South America and Africa line up perfectly before?
A. There's an equal amount of coal deposits in each continent and fossils.
B. The evidence from the rock layers in different continents exactly
matched.
C. The remains of the ancient plant called Glossopteris can be found on
both continents.
D. The climate of the two continents is almost the same and with the
same ancient organisms.

13. What information can be derived about Antarctica having fossils of ancient
plants and animals?
A. Antarctica drifted to the Southern hemisphere because of the melting
of glaciers that traps the plants and animals.
B. Antarctica has a very nice climate that caused these organisms to
migrate and stay.
C. It has a tropical climate today that provides a good environment for
complex life forms.
D. Antarctica had once located near the equator.
14. He is a German Scientist who hypothesized in 1912 that continents were
once a giant landmass called Pangaea.
A. Harry Hammond Hess C. Alfred Lothar Wegener
B. Robert Dietz D. Charles Darwin

15. What did Harry Hammond Hess realize in the 1950s when his team
continued exploring the ocean floor and discovered the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?
A. He realized that the oceanic crust is older than the continental crust.
B. He realized that Alfred Wegener's Continental Drift Theory is not true.
C. He realized that the oceanic crusts near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are
thicker and less dense.
D. He realized that the Earth's crust had been moving away on each side
of oceanic ridges, down the Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans.

Introduction

Have you seen a world map before?

Definitely, yes, you have seen one! Did
you notice that the eastern border of South
America and the Western part of Africa
seem to fit together like a big jigsaw puzzle?

If you said yes, then you are thinking like Alfred

Lothar Wegener (1880-1930), who was a German polar
researcher, geophysicist, and meteorologist. He is remembered as
the originator of the Continental Drift Theory by
hypothesizing in 1912 thatthe continents are slowly drifting
around the Earth and is once a large landmass called
Pangaea, a Greek word which means "All Earth”.

Wegener's curiosity about the idea of drifting continents started when he noticed the edges
of South America and Africa in a World Map could be fitted like a jigsaw puzzle.
Alfred Lothar Wegener would fitting edges of continents be enough proof that the continents
are drifting? What are the other pieces of evidence gathered by Wegener to support his
Continental Drift Theory?

Evidence

Alfred Wegener collected diverse pieces of evidence to

support his theory, including geological "fit" and fossil
evidence. It is important to know that the following specific
fossil evidence was not brought up by Wegener to support
his theory. Wegener did not collect the fossils, but he called
attention to the idea of using these scientific documents
stating there were fossils of species present in separate
continents in order to support his claim.

Geological "fit" evidence is the matching of large-scale

geological features on different continents. It has been noted
that the coastlines of South America and West Africa
seem to match up, however more particularly, the rock
terrains of separate continents confirm as well. Examples
include the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America linked with the Scottish
Highlands, the familiar rock strata of the Karroo system of South Africa matched correctly
with the Santa Catarina system in Brazil, and Brazil and Ghana
mountain ranges agreeing over the Atlantic Ocean.

Glaciers carve rocks and leave marks as they move. In this

evidence, scientists can determine the direction of movement of
each continent.In addition, the existence of coal deposits
in Antarctica suggested that it was once located near the region
of the Earth where the climate is enough to support complex life
forms such as plants and tall trees. See the figure on the right,
notice the direction of the movement of the continents indicated
by the arrows during Pangaea time.
Look at the map below. It shows how Alfred
Wegener mapped-out the distributions of
the four Permian and Triassic fossil
groups and used it as biogeographic
evidence for continental drift and land
bridging.

Figure 2: Wegener fossils-mapped.png

Illustration showing similar rock continents.

The Mesosaurus is known to have been a typeof reptile,

similar to the modern crocodile, which propelled itself
through the water with its long hind legs and limber tail. It
lived during the early Permian period (286 to 258
million years ago), and its remains are found solely in
South Africa and Eastern South America.
Now, if the continents were still in their present positions,
there is no possibility that the Mesosaurus would have
the capability to swim across such a large body of ocean
like the Atlantic because it was a coastal animal.
Modern-day representation
of the Mesosaurus
The now extinct Cynognathus was a mammal-like
reptile. Roaming the terrains during the Triassic period
(250 to 240 million years ago), the Cynognathus was as
large as a modern wolf. Its fossils are found only in South
Africa and South America. As a dominant land species,
the Cynognathus would not have been capable of
migrating across the Atlantic.
Modern-day representation of
the Cynognathus

The Lystrosaurus, which translates to "shovel reptile," is

thought to have been a herbivore with a stout built like a
pig. Lystrosaurus fossils are only found in Antarctica,
India, and South Africa. Similar to the land-dwelling
Cynognathus, the Lystrosaurus would not have had the
swimming capability to traverse any ocean.
Modern-day representation of the
Lystrosaurus.
Possibly the most important fossil evidence found in the plant,
Glossopteris. The Glossopteris fossil is found in Australia,
Antarctica, India, South Africa, and South America—all the
southern continents. Glossopteris seed is known to be large and
bulky and possibly could not have drifted or flown across the
oceans to a separate continent. Therefore, the continents must
have been joined at least one point in time in order to maintain
the Glossopteris' wide range across the southern continents.
Glossopteris seed is known to
be large and bulky and possibly Modern-day representation of the
Glossopteris.
could not have drifted or flown across the oceans to a separate
continent. Therefore, the continents must have been joined at
least one point in time in order to maintain the Glossopteris' wide
range across the southern continents.
260 million years old fossilized leaves of glossopteris
 Description showing the fossil
locations of the Mesosaurus,
Cynognathus, Lystrosaurus, and
Glossopteris spread across
different continents

Activity 1: A Journey From The Past To the Future!

Let's find out: What is the evidence of the Continental Drift Theory?
Let's use these materials: photocopy of the seven continents, blank globe map, pair
of scissors, and world map.

Let's do it this way:

1. Use a separate clean paper to write your answers and observation in this
activity.
2. Look carefully at the continents on a globe or a world map.
3. Cut out carefully the picture of the landmasses. These cutout-landmasses
represent the continents and some of the large islands of the Earth a
hundred million years ago.
(Note: Before forming "Pangaea," try to place each landmass cut out on top of
the present-day World Map to familiarize yourself about the name of each
continent and imagine how it drifted to its present location.)
4. In the drawn circle in a separate sheet, construct the supercontinent using
the legends as your basis.
(Note: Consider the possible location and position of each continent based on
the legends before pasting it in the blank globe map.)

5. Answer the following questions:

Q1. Do the Glossopteris fossils tell us all landmasses were once joined
together?
Q2. If Glossopteris fossils were found in Antarctica, what was the climate of
this continent before?
Q3. If the climate and the position of a place were relative to each other, where
then was the initial location of Antarctica 250 million years ago?
Q4. Is the presence of animal fossils tells that South America, Africa, and
Antarctica were once connected?
6. Examine the giant landmass "Pangaea" and answer the questions below:
Q5. What clues are useful in reconstructing Pangaea?
Q6. Which continents were obviously neighbors before?
Q7. Where do you think was the location of the Philippines in Pangaea during
the time when it existed? (Note: Recall the lesson on Convergent Plate
Boundaries: Oceanic vs. Oceanic Crust)
*Note: This activity sheet must be photocopied
Landmasses/ Continents

II. INTERACTION ( LESSON DEVELOPMENT/FIRM UP/DEEPEN (10 mins)

 The teacher will present additional enrichment information to the concepts and
topics
 The teacher will explain what is plate tectonics and cite evidences that plates are
moving. The teacher will facilitate the hands-on activity to show that the continent
was once connected as what did Wegener observed.
 Let the students make a solution of saturated a
 After the Activity the students will answer the process questions to follow up learning

III. INTEGRATION (BROADENING OF CONCEPTS/TRANSFER) (3 mins)

A. Core Values/School Formation Standards

The values of collaboration, interconnectedness, excellence, faith, promptness is
being integrated in these week activities.
B. Learning Across Discipline
The students will learn the application learning about evidences of plate movement in
Araling Panlipunan.
SUMMARY/CLOSURE
The teacher let the students summarize their understanding and learning through
speaking what they have learned and writing through their exit cards.

I have learned that Alfred Lothar Wegener's curiosity drives him to look for
evidence that supports his Continental Drift Theory that continents were once
connected as a big landmass called "Pangaea."
The Continental Drift Theory is being supported by the following evidence:
continental fit, matching of rocks, fossils of ancient organisms, coal deposits in
Antarctica, ancient climates, and glaciers carvings.
Despite Wegener's gathered evidence supporting his idea about drifting
continents during his time, the scientific community rejected him for some problems:
Wegener was not a geophysicist, he estimated the speed of continental motion, 250
cm/year, was unbelievably high, and he cannot explain what causes the continents
to move.
Nevertheless, Alfred Wegener didn't give up and continued his expedition to
search for more evidence but later on died. It took many years before his Theory of
Continental Drift was accepted. What causes the continents to move to? What can
other missing indications be used to support such a claim? Let's find out in the next

EVALUATION
The teacher will administer a short quiz to check the student’s mastery of the lesson and
their skills.
Direction: Read and answer carefully the following items and select or encircle the letter of
the correct answer. (10 points)

1.He was credited for the idea of Continental Drift Theory?

A. Alfred Lothar Wegener C. Harry Hammond Hess
B. Charles Darwin D. Robert Dietz
2. All continents were once joined together forming a supercontinent
called__________.
A. Panthalassa B. Laurasia C. Gondwanaland D. Pangaea
3. It is possibly the most important fossil plant evidence that continents are
drifting.
A. Glossopteris C. Mesosaurus
B. Lystrosaurus D. Cynognathus
4. What are the evidence gathered by Alfred Wegener to support his Continental
Drift Theory?
A. continental fit, rocks, fossils, coal deposits, ancient climate, and glaciers
scars
B. the ancient climate of Antarctica and Africa
C. remains of dead plants and animals
D. observing the map
5. What two specific continents fit together most noticeably?
A. Africa and North America C. South America and Europe
B. South America and Africa D. Antarctica and Africa

Assignment: (Activity Notebook 10 pts.)

1. Research about Sea Floor Spreading.

Answer Keys: A Journey from the past to future!

1.C 10.A Q1. Yes
2.B 11. A Q2. Temperature
3.B 12. D Q3. Near Equator
4.B 13. D Q4. Yes
5.C 14. C Q5. Shapes, fossils, rocks, (basalt), sand
6.D 15. A Q6. Africa and South America
7.A Q7. Philippines did not exist during the time of Pangaea
8.B Q8. Philippines must be moving eastward
9.B
Assessment 1

1.A
2.D
3.A
4.A
5.B