a tour of new features
Gender Sensitivity 101
1. Condom 13. Swiftie 17. ML
9. Parlor
2. Pink 12. Messy
7. Aggressive
6. House-keeper
15. Provider
8. Talkative
11. Emotional
4. Makeup kit 14. Leader
16. Sex-worker 10. Laundry 3. Basketball
19. Beer
20. Gentle 5. Firefighter
18. Math
? ?
? ?
sex gender
What
comes to
your mind?
Sex and Gender as a Concepts
SEX refers to the
- genetic
- physical identity of the person
GENDER refers to the
- socially learned behaviors
- expectations associated with the two sexes
THUS
SEX is what you are born with;
GENDER is what happens afterwards.
Attributes of Sex:
Maleness
Femaleness
Attributes of Gender:
Masculinity
Femininity
Question?
Are women born feminine?
Are men born masculine?
3. A majority of behavioral scientists agree that:
Gender roles are not inborn; they are learned.
SEX GENDER
CANNOT BE CHANGED CHANGEABLE
- only women can give birth - women can do traditionally
- only men can produce male jobs
sperm - men can take good care of
children
Relationship of sex and gender
Gender
In terms of dressing
In terms of dressing
Cultural practices
Cultural practices
Cultural practices
Concept of beauty/Use of make up
Concept of beauty/Use of make up
Remember….
I will
RESPECT
people
regardless of
their gender
or sex.
The only difference between men
and women lies in their SEX
(biological attributes and roles
defined by biology but never in
their GENDER
• If that is the case, then,
why the gender roles &
identities of men and
women different?
GENDER STEREOTYPES
- fixed
- unquestioned beliefs
- images we carry in the back of
our minds about woman and
men
It is not correct to say that “it is natural for a
woman to be subordinate” or “it is natural
that a manager is a man”.
This is a gender-based perception, a
stereotype that every gender advocate
should help transform.
Gender Stereotypes
• It is the tendency or attitude, to ascribe
particular traits, characteristics and roles
distinctly to men and particular traits,
characteristics, roles distinctly to women..
• The assumption behind stereotyping is
that the ascribed attributes of men apply
to all men and that of women apply to all
women in a given society.
The confusion between sex and gender
gives rise to such stereotypes as:
Men:
Bravery, aggressiveness, independence,
and the ability to control emotions are
traits of men.
Women:
Timidity, passivity, while emotionally
demonstrative, loving, self sacrificing
and being peaceful are traits of women.
The confusion between sex and
gender gives rise to such
stereotypes as:
Men:
More fit to be leaders, head of families,
business enterprises, social and political
organizations, states, armies and communities
Women:
More fit to take secondary roles
PRODUCTIVE ROLE – involves producing
goods and services for consumption and
Gender Division of Labor
trade (i.e. paid work)
REPRODUCTIVE ROLE - involves care and
GENDER ROLES maintenance of the household and its
members including bearing and caring for
MALE FEMALE children, food preparation, gathering of
water, fuel collection, shopping,
Productive Reproductive housekeeping, and family care (i.e. unpaid
Role Role work, invisible in the economy).
Community Role
COMMUNITY ROLE – involves collective
organizations of social events and services,
involves considerable volunteer (i.e
volunteer tasks).
Female gender roles are associated with
appropriate concepts of
Femininity
and traits such as:
- submissiveness;
- modesty;
- nurturance.
Gender Division of Labor
good homemakers and
nurturers of family members
Male gender roles are associated with
appropriate concepts of
Masculinity
and the
traits are
- Dominance
- Assertivenes
-
Instrumentality
Gender Division of Labor
Thus, men, as
masculine beings
provider and responsible
for family’s survival
How are women disadvantaged in gender
relations
• Some thoughts: Are these still true?
Gender creates biases in the minds of people, which
determine the way they relate , assign roles, expectations,
privileges and entitlements to either women or men.
- For example, if men are believed to be stronger and
superior to women, they are the ones who are tracked into
leadership and managerial roles, which often command
higher pay.
• Conversely, the assumption that women are best for
domestic roles comes with a bias that they may not be
effective on other spheres of life.
Traditional gender roles divide men
and women from each other.
*Work *Power
Deny women
access to the
*Achievement public world of: *Independence
*The Nurturant
*Emotive
Deny men access Other oriented
to: world
of domestic life.
However, the good news is…..
Gender Roles do change.
Differentiating SEX from GENDER QUIZ
Statements G S
1. Women give birth to babies, men do not
2. Little girls are gentle, boys are rough.
3. According to UN statistics, women do 67% of
the world’s work, yet their earnings amount
only to 10% of the world’s income.
4. In the rural areas, women are paid lower
than the wage for men.
5. Women can breast-feed babies, men can
bottle-feed babies.
Differentiating SEX from GENDER QUIZ
Statements G S
6. Most-building site workers in the Philippines are men
7. In Ancient Egypt, men stayed at home and did weaving. Women
handled family business. Women inherited property and men
did not.
8. Men’s voices break at puberty, women’s do not.
9. In one study of 224 cultures, there were 5 in which men did all
the cooking and 36 in which women did all the house building.
10 In one of the schools in Spain, boys are taught to iron the
clothes.
11 In one documented case, a child who was brought up as a girl,
then learned that he was actually a boy, his school marks
improved dramatically.
Differentiating SEX from GENDER QUIZ
G S
12. Hormones
13. XX Chromosomes
14. Leader
15. Sexy
16. Child rearing
17. Lactation
18. Adam’s apple
19. Sperm cell
20. Childbearing
GENDER as a
Social Construct
According to this
view, society and
culture
create gender roles,
and these roles are
prescribed as ideal or
appropriate behavior
for a person of that
specific sex.
As an outcome:
Learning of
gender roles
Male
begin in the
gender-roles and
early
Female
stages of
gender-
childhood.
roles develop.
Social Institutions
WORKPLACE
EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTIONS
FAMILY
CHURCH
The Family
• Patriarchal family system:
male headship, task as
provider placed on men,
preference for sons,
• Domestic role of women:
maternal, housework
[devalued]
• Love, marriage, family
and relationship as
women’s sphere
Social Institutions: FAMILY
… has the most influence because the
formative years of every individual is
almost always spent with and
developed by the family.
Four Processes in A Child’s Learning of Gender Bias
✔ Manipulation
✔ Canalization
✔ Verbal Appellation
✔ Activity Exposure
MANIPULATION
First Stage
• Where people treat boys
and girls differently.
• Manifestedin the ways infants
are handled differently
• Femaleinfants more delicately
handled than males.
CANALIZATION SECOND STAGE
People direct children’s
attention to gender-
appropriate objects -
exemplified by choice of
TOYS
Association - teaches
them prescribed roles in
life in the future
VERBAL Third process
APPELLATION
- Words used to tell children
what they are:
- “brave boy”
- “pretty girl”
-Words used in what are
expected of them :
- “boys don’t cry”
- “girls do not climb trees”
Activity Exposure Fourth Process
Children familiarized with
GENDER APPROPRIATE TASKS:
GIRLS are expected and
encouraged to: help
mother in household
tasks ; taking care of
younger siblings
BOYS are allowed and
encourage to play or
work outside the home
Social Institutions:
EDUCATION/SCHOOL
Our educational curriculum still encouraged gender bias as shown in the
following : … the formal school system promotes and
encourages the different gender roles
between men and women.
• Sex disaggregation system promotes role
differentiation in high school, boys are
taught carpentry and horticulture while
girls take up cooking and childcare.
• Courses that are appropriate to perceived
roles and characteristics.
• Textbooks depicts stereotype roles
Schools
Schools
Examples on
Classroom
and
GENDER
Religion
Obedience to husband
Sacrifice
Value of men and women
Media
Media
Media
De-Valuing of Women’s Inherent Worth
and Dignity
Media
Media
Why are the women always portrayed by media as the Victim and
men as the Aggressor?
Because we think showing weakness is
girly
Because boys are bullied for being weak
Because it is shameful for men to be weak
Our Society still abhors men who are weak
GENDER SENSITIVITY
The ability to recognize
gender issues arising
from their unique social
location.
It calls for an understanding
and consideration of the
socio-cultural factors
underlying discrimination
based on sex.
Remember that....
Our beliefs, ideas, attitudes,
behaviors and even the
systems that create are the
causes of gender issues which
lock people’s capacity to do and
capacity to be.
• is not a war of the sexes;
Gender sensitivity
• is not anti-male;
• both women and men are victims
of gender inequity, although the
victims are more often women than
men; and
• both women and men have a stake
in the struggle for gender equity.
Everyone will benefit from Individuals are given All have access because the
the SAME support. They are different support so they cause of inequity is
treated equally. Equal but will have equal access. They addressed. The barrier was
fair? are treated equitably. removed.
Question is…….
Is it just women who can
be
gender-sensitive?
Is it just women who can be
gender-sensitive?
✶No.
✶Anyone can be
gender-sensitive.
• You recognize that there is inequality between
men and women that can be passed on from
one generation to the next.
• You recognize that this inequality in the home, in
the community and institutions should be
changed.
• You work towards the transformation of such
inequality in the home, in the community and
institutions.
How then can you say that one is
gender sensitive?
You are gender sensitive if/when:
✶You respect every person/individual, regardless
of age, ability (physical or mental),
belief/religion, educational attainment, race,
ethinic group, status in society, marital status,
region of origin, color, sexual orientation and
gender identity.
