SCIENCE Quarter 1 - Module 1 ALTERNATIVE DELIVERY MODE Department of Education « Republic of the PhilippinesDEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE WRITERS: CONSOLIDATOR: LANGUAGE EDITORS: CONTENT VALIDATORS: COVER PAGE ILLUSTRATOR: TEAM LEADER: OMEGA C. DELOS SANTOS, Master Teacher II JENIFER T. HERRERA, Master Teacher | ERIC JAMES PAGUIO, Master Teacher | JOEY S. BERDIDA, Teacher | LAILA MARIE F. ILAGAN, Teacher | MARY GRACE M. JUPIA, Teacher | VILMA R. REY, Teacher | RU CHIN N. SALCEDO, Teacher | YOLANDA D. TABIRAO, Teacher | MERTHEL F. TALA, Teacher | LAPRIZAL P. CASTUERAS, Head Teacher Vi MARISOL D. CABALZA, Teacher Ill JOHN R. REY REAL, Teacher | ACE T. EVANGELISTA, Master Teacher Il REYNALDO A. GAYAS, JR, Master Teacher | CHRISTINE S. MANGCOY, Teacher / AIRA MARI CON M. AUSTERO. DR. RAQUEL M. AUSTERO- Education Program SupervisorLY Cote TT Earth's Lithosphere Most Essential Learning Competencies Describe and relate the distribution of active voleanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory (S10ES — la¥j-36.1) The Earth and Its Lithosphere The Earth's structure is divided into four major components: the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core. Each layer has a unique chemical composition, physical state, and can impact life on Earth's surface. Geologists have distinguished these three main intemal subdivisions of the Earth, based on the behavior of seismic waves and laboratory ‘experiments Mantle Crust Inner Core Outer Core ttoe:/wvynw clipart emaiVeliparviayere-of the-earth.clipat-12958.htm| Subdivisions of the Earth 1. Crust is the thinnest and the outermost layer of the Earth. It is subdivided into two regions: the continental crust and the oceanic crust. It is mainly made up of silicon, oxygen, aluminum, calcium, sodium, potassium, hydrogen, titanium, magnesium, and iron. 2. Mantle is the layer beneath the crust which comprises the largest portion of the Earth. It is mostly made of the elements silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium. The lower part of the mantle consists of more iron than the upper part. The temperature and the pressure increase with depth. The high temperature and pressure in mantle allow the solid rock to flow slowly. 3. Core is the innermost portion of the Earth. It is composed of metallic elements, primarily iron and nickel.Parts of the Earth's Core: 4. Outer core is made of liquid metal because of very high temperature which tends to melt iron and nickel. 2. Inner core is made up of solid iron and nickel. Due to extreme temperature, it could have been molten iron and nickel but itis believed to have solidified as a result of pressure freezing. The Continental and Oceanic Crust The earth's crustis generally divided into older, thicker continental crust and younger, denser oceanic crust Continental crust underlies much of the earth's land surfaces. Itis mainly made up of silicon, oxygen, aluminum, calcium, sodium, potassium and is made of less dense rock like granite. The thickness of the continental crust is mostly 35-40 kilometers. Oceanic crust is found under the ocean floor and is made of dense rocks like basalt. It is about 7-10 kilometers thick with an average thickness of 8 kilometers. The oceanic crust is heavier than the continental crust. ip: Mendon neve ip ony201T/01/28heaty Know ocean’ The Lithospheric Plates Lithosphere is the outer shell of the earth, composed of the crust and the uppermost mantle, fractured into plates. Asthenosphere is a partially molten part of the mantle where the lithospheric plates float and move around. Its temperature is about 300-800°C enough to facilitate a small amount of melting and to make it capable to flow which cause the movement of the lithospheric plates. The lithosphere, with the continents on top of it, is being 4carried by flowing asthenosphere. I noapnere {crt ae vbper iment to ene) Mantle ah-eross.section Lithospheric plates, also known as tectonic plates, are massive, irregularly shaped slabs of solid rock, generally composed of continental and oceanic lithosphere that fit together to form the surface of the earth. These lithospheric plates move relative to each other. (tts: quo convitow-many plates ar-in-eat Continental Lithosphere is formed by continental crust and residual mantle. It constitutes the continents. It has an average thickness of about 150 km. ‘Some continental lithospheres are the South and North American plate, Eurasian plate and African plateOceanic Lithosphere is formed by oceanic crust and residual mantle. It constitutes the bottom of the oceans. The great mountain ranges have an average thickness of 150 km in the bottom of the ocean. An example of an oceanic plate is the Pacific Plate, which extends from the East Pacific Rise to the deep-sea trenches bordering the westem part of the Pacific basin The Major and Minor Lithospheric Plates Most of the earth's surface is covered by major and minor plates. The seven major plates include the African, Antarctic, Eurasian, North American, South American, India- Australian, and the Pacific plates. Some of the minor plates include the Arabian, Caribbean, Nazea, and Scotia plates. The basis of scientists in dividing the Earth’s lithosphere into several segments called plates are the distribution of earthquake epicenters, location of volcanoes and formation of mountain ranges. Alll these geologic features are formed because of plate movement. What’s More Activity 1: The Earth’s Layers Directions: Label each part of the earth by matching each number to its appropriate name inside the box. Mantle Inner Core Outer Core Lithosphere Asthenosphere Continental crust ‘Oceanic crustActivity 2: What’s the Word! Directions: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate terminology. Choose your answer from the word bank below. The Earth's (1) is the thinnest and the outermost layer which is further subdivided into two regions the (2) and (3) that are made of dense rocks like basalt. Earth's (4) includes the crust and the uppermost (5) which constitute the hard and rigid outer layer of the Earth. The layer below the rigid lithosphere is a zone called (6) , @ part of the mantle that flows because of weaker and very viscous fluid. The lithosphere is further subdivided into several (7) , Which are massive, irregularly shaped slabs of solid rock, generally composed of both (8) and (9) that constitute the continents. WORD BANK Asthenosphere, Continental lithosphere, Oceanic lithosphere, Oceanic crust, Plates Continental crust, Lithosphere, Mantle, Crust, Activity 3: The Lithospheric Plates Direction: Write the name of each lithospheric plate indicated below. 1. 4. 2. 5. 3,fe ke EY What | Have Learned ? Directions: Fill in the blanks. 1. The is composed of three major layers: the crust, mantle, and core. 2. The crustis the thinnest and the outermost layer while the mantle is the thickest and the middle layer of the earth. The is made up of elements such as silicon. ‘oxygen, aluminum, calcium, sodium, and potassium, 3. The is made up of elements such as silicon, oxygen, iron, and magnesium. 4. The core is divided into two layers: the which is made up of molten material and accounts for the earth's magnetic field; and the inner core which is the deepest layer of the earth and is made up of solid iron and nickel. 5. The is found under land masses and made of less dense rocks like granite. 6. The is heavier than the continental crust due to the presence of basalt and found under the ocean floor. 7. The is a soft, weak upper portion of the mantle where the lithospheric plates float and move around. 8. The is composed of the crust and part of the upper mantle which is a solid part of the earth that is composed of several plates. 9. The continental lithosphere is formed by continental crust and residual mantle while the is composed of oceanic crust and residual mantle. 10. The are moving, irregularly shaped slabs that fit together to form the surface of the Earth that can be grouped into major and minor plates (& Ik What I Can Do Sh ‘As a student, how will you show appreciation of the physical feature of the earth? Express your answer by choosing one of the following: 1. Poster 2. Essay 3. PoemMost Essential Learning Competencies Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory (S10ES — la4j-36.1) ~\ ) What's In Earthquake The Philippine archipelago had experienced numerous earthquakes last 2019 and early 2020, ranging from magnitude 1 to magnitude 7.7. Most of these earthquakes were due to the energies carried by the seismic waves released from the interior of the earth causing the lithospheric plates to move. Earthquakes with magnitude of 5 or above may cause visible damages in light to strong constructions such as houses and buildings, agricultural areas, bridges, and even along roads and highways Earthquake is the sudden movement of the Earth’s surface that lasts in a very short time ranging from few seconds to minutes. The energy carried by the seismic waves causes this movement of the earth's surface. Now, what are seismic waves? SEISMIC WAVES are traveling disturbances that carry energies caused by the sudden breaking of rocks in the interior of the earth. TYPES OF SEISMIC WAVES |. BODY WAVES - are waves that can travel in all directions in the inner layers of the earth. These waves have higher frequency and arrive before the surface wave on the outermost layer of the Earth There are two sub-types of body waves: P — waves and S — waves. The pictures below show how these waves carry energy from the interior of the earth, A. P-Waves (Primary Waves) — are longitudinal seismic body waves with a great velocity through the ground. They move alternately by pushing and pulling. The direction of the particles is parallel to the direction of the wave motion. They can travel both in solid and fluid materials such as volcanic magma, with a range of 1600 m/s to 8000 m/s depending on the material they are moving through. P — Waves are first felt and detected by a seismograph/ (i fil (iii Li Se LUMPY iu Wave —— fen .s-of- boundaries B. S — Waves (Shear waves, Shaking waves or Secondary Waves) ~ are transverse waves, moving side to side from the source to the outer layer of the Earth. The direction of the particles is perpendicular to the direction of the wave motion. They travel about 40% slower than the P - waves ranging from 900 m/s to 4500 mls. S — waves can travel only in solid materials. Due to its slow motion, they can cause greater damage than P— waves AN a linia iil tH i jit hg wu itps:lsites.google.comisite/adventurewithse. ience/types-of boundarie direction ll, SURFACE WAVES — are waves that can travel only on the surface of the Earth. They have lower frequency than body waves that can be easily distinguished on a seismogram. They are detected after the body waves. They are almost responsible for the damage and destruction associated to the earthquake. There are two sub-types of surface waves: Love waves and Rayleigh waves. The pictures below show how these waves move along the surface of the Earth A. Love Waves - like S — waves, they are transverse waves but no vertical motion. They are like a wriggling snake causing the ground to twist side by side resulting to great damages and destructions to people and in the environment. 10VALANA i a iy bilities ttos:/tslearnuithfun.wordpress.com/20" ttps:/imu.sms-tsunami-waming.com/pages/ sofsmic-wavest XrSX2Gi7O2w ‘(2Sfearthquake-a-natural-cisaster! B. Rayleigh Waves — waves characterized with a rolling, up and down motion with an elliptical and reversing particle motion confined to the vertical plane in the direction of propagation. hhh a PRUETT ep UTE lta hitps://www.sms-tsunami-warning.com/pages/ ittpsy/letslearnwithfun.wwordpress.com/2015/08/ seismic-wavesi#t XrSX2GiTQ2W 29/earthquake-a-natural-disaster/ Locating the earthquake epicenter In locating the epicenter of the earthquake, knowledge on seismic waves is important. Epicenter is the point directly above the hypocenter or focus (located in the inner layers of the Earth), where the earthquake originates. Earthquake epicenter can be determined using Triangulation Method. This method requires data/ information from three seismic recording stations. STEPS IN LOCATING EARTHQUAKE EPICENTER 1. Obtain data from three different seismic recording stations. Find the difference in arrival time between the P — and S — waves. To do this, refer to each of the three seismogram readings and record arrival times of P— wave and S — wave. ulOMmin 25min \ do min tf https://wwew.slideshare.netinairamode/earthquak e-epicenter The difference in the P-wave | S-wave Time arrival time between the P — and S — waves | Arrival Time | Arrival Time | _ Interval or time interval is 4 minutes ( S-wave arrival | 23 minutes | 27 minutes 2 time less P-waves arrival time) 2. Record difference in Arrival Time. Subtract arrival time of P — wave from the arrival time of S - wave. Plot the time interval on the travel-time graph. Follow the steps below in plotting the time interval and determining the distance. tame graph Tee EET) Setunce «tune graph tae tine gg sous Syeae a a" jan 3000 sotn feo ou t009 30m kn 0% 000 000 wD Sictance dkny Sietance thm htips://wwvw.slideshare.netinairamode/earthquake-epicenter itance on 3. Record the distance of the seismic recording station to the earthquake epicenter. Do the same for the other two seismic recording stations. (Let us assume values for the second and third seismogram) Seismic | P-wave | S-wave ] Time | Distance from Recording | Arrival Time Arrival Time| Interval | the Epicenter Station 7 23 minutes [27 minutes [4 minutes z 225 | 2?minutes| 45 minutes minutes 3 225 | 2minutes | 55 minutes. minutes 12Using the data in the table and the travel-time graph, we may determine the distance of the of the seismic recording station to the earthquake epicenter as follows: Seismic | P—wave | S-wave Time | Distance from Recording | Arrival Time | Arrival Time | Interval the Epicenter Station 1 23 minutes | 27 minutes | 4 minutes | 2500 km 2 22.5 27 minutes 45 3000 km minutes minutes 3 22.5 28 minutes 55 4000 km minutes minutes Finding the distance of the epicenter to the seismic recording station may also use the mathematical method. The formula: a= 2 x100km 4. Use Triangulation Method to locate the earthquake epicenter. Draw a circle on a map thathas a radius equal to the distance to the epicenter from each seismograph station. Scale: 1000 Km = 1 cm. The point where the three circles meet is the epicenter of the earthquake Seismic waves spread out from the focus of an earthquake to the surface of the earth. Structures farther from the epicenter experience less shaking and less damage. Structures near the epicenter experience more shaking and more damage compared to the location of the epicenter of the earthquake. More shaking and great damage may also be experienced in places near faults and liquefy surfaces. Earthquakes cause damage to infrastructures such as buildings, houses, bridges and roads. They can also trigger landslides and mudslides. When the earthquake occurs under the ocean, it creates a series of huge waves that cause massive destructions if they hit a populated coastal area These huge waves are also known as tsunami. 13& What’s More Activity 1: 1 Shake it! Directions: Name the type of seismic waves shown below. ——F — 2G areal Wave a direction Tome ATTRA hms 20009 cenafan ay biaogofeertiauoke ae! tate, 4. 3. — iy wae Ware direction. L. direstion pp9/ear 4. «. 6. Activity 2. Watch the Difference... Directions: Determine the arrival time difference between the arrival times of the P — and S - waves. Express your answer in minute- second. Seismic | Arrival Time of P- | Arrival Time ofS | Time Difference of the Recording waves waves Arrival Times of P - station (SRS) and $- waves A 23 min20sec_| 27 min40 sec B 25 min40sec_| 30 min 20 sec c 28 minutes 31 min 15 see D 31 min34sec | 35 min 14 sec E 43 min20sec_| 55 min 20 sec F 67 min 10 sec_| 72 min 05 sec 14Activity 3: Far Away from You Directions: Using the graph on the right and the data on the table, determine the difference in arrival times of P — and S — waves and the distance from the seismic recording station to the epicenter. (Graphical analysis) Differenc | Distance seismic | Arrival | Arrival | SOe> | [ortne Recording | time of P| timeof S| TEES | cartnaua Station | waves | -waves | Waves | Earth time _| Epicenter a 2 27 minutes | minutes B 24min | 33 min 10sec | 10sec ©) 24min | 33min 40sec | 40sec ssSPIGENTER DISTANCE Oey, Activity 4. We'll Take You Farther atpmunmniis me slate Directions: Determine the distance in kilometer (km) from the seismic recording station to the epicentre using the equation and distance in centimeter (cm). Use the scale below as reference. d= — x100km_ 1em=100 Km see Seismic Recording | Differences in the | Distance from SRS | Distance from SRS Station (SRS) | Arrival times of P— | tothe Earthquake | to the Earthquake and $ - Waves (Td) epicenter in epicenter in in seconds (sec) kilometer (Km) centimeter (cm) Batangas 9.6 seconds San Fernando 20.8 seconds Tuguegarao 30.4 seconds 15Activity 5. ‘Til | Met You Directions: Determine the common location of the earthquake epicenter from the 3 recording stations. Materials: Philippine map, pencil, drawing compass Procedure: From the data below, mark in the map the location of the three seismic recording stations and determine the epicenter of the earthquake using Triangulation Method. Seismic Recording | Differenc Distance from SRS Epicenter Station (SRS) — | Arrival to the Earthquake epicenter in in seconds (sec) | centimeter (cm) Batangas 9.6 seconds 12 ‘San Fernando 20.8 seconds 26 Tuguegarao 30.4 seconds 38eS What | Have Learned Directions: Fill in the blanks. . The are traveling disturbances that carry energies caused by the sudden breaking of rocks in the interior of the Earth There are two types of seismic waves: body waves and surface waves. The travel in the interior of the Earth while surface waves travel along the surface of the earth. Body waves are P ~ waves and S - waves. P — waves or primary waves are that travel faster than a transverse S- waves or secondary waves. Surface waves are Rayleigh waves that travel in up and down motion and Love waves that travel side by side along the surface of the earth. The are more damaging than Rayleigh waves. The is a sudden movement or shaking of the earth surface due to the released energy brought about by the breaking of rocks from the interior of the earth. The is used to determine the epicenter of the earthquake. what I Can D QD at | Can Do Shaking of the ground may cause damages on the surface of the earth. Our country experiences numbers of earthquake. As a student, what are the things that you need to prepare or do before, during, and after an earthquake? List them in the table Before the Earthquake | During the Earthquake _| After the Earthquake 17AC Cele D LT i] cae Ran: S Most Essential Learning Competencies Describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory (S10ES — la4j-36.1) The earth's surface is covered with multifarious bodies of water and landforms. The earth, indeed, is aesthetically landscaped, and such features are of great use to mankind, The structures, like mountains and volcanoes, are some of the landforms that attractively capture our eyes. Mountains help abate typhoons while volcanoes may seem quiet and still, but, once they exhibit an intense energy, their peaceful state becomes wild. Volcanic eruption is one of nature's deadliest and most destructive phenomena in the world, The effect of volcanic eruptions to humans and environment depends on the intensity and proximity. How close are we to these volcanoes? Where are they located? How are these active volcanoes distributed around the world? These are some of the questions that will be answered as we discuss Module 3 The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. It is sometimes called the Circum-Pacific Belt. Volcanoes are formed when lithospheric plates are pushed together. Some of the Earth’s plates move deeper into the earth's mantle where they melt and rise to the surface again to form volcanoes. versie) oer mh eye httpsvawnw.pinterest.com/pin/57.3575702534122802/ 18, e Volcanoes, Earthquake Epicenter and MountainMost earthquake epicenters are found near subduction zones and mid- ocean ridges. htipz/inpdp. stanford. edu/eg_histor Major mountain belts are randomly distributed in the earth’s crust. Most of the mountain ranges are located along the boundaries. The picture below shows the location of major mountain belts or ranges. Some of the known mountain ranges are as follows: Himalayas, Andes Mountain, Rocky Mountain, Alps, and Caucasus Mountains. = @ 5://www pbslearningmedia.org/asset/buact 7-img-glbimtnranges/EN/ The Himalayas is a massive mountain range stretching throughout Asia and the Middle East. The highest point is the famous Mount Everest at over 29, 000 feet above sea level. The Andes Mountain range runs through much of South America. Its highest point is Aconcagua in Argentina, which is the highest point outside Asia The Rocky Mountain range is one of the longest on earth. It stretches through North 19America, from Canada and through the US to New Mexico. The Alps is a 750-mile long mountain range that runs through 8 European countries. Its highest peak is Mont Blanc, which reaches over 15,000 feet in height on the French- Italian border. The Caucasus Mountain stretches between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. It runs through Russia (where its highest peak, the over 18,000-foot Mount Elbrus stands), Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. Scientists were able to conclude that the bases for dividing the Earth's, lithosphere are the locations of active volcanoes, earthquake epicentres, and major mountain belts or ranges —~ 1 CH) What’s More Activity 1: Track and Mark Directions: Using the map of world’s active volcano below, locate and analyze the positions of the active volcanoes. Then, answer the questions that follow. hitos:/wanw britannica.com/science/vol Guide Questions: 1. Based on the map, how are active volcanoes distributed? 202. Where are volcanoes most likely to form? 3. Can volcanoes form anywhere on earth? Explain your answer. Acti ity 2: Mark the fault Directions: Using the map of earthquake epicenters below, locate and analyze the positions of the earthquake epicenters. Then, answer the questions that follow. Ea Streets (58) = 95; gallon) suet) cone) seed) hntto wn. geo. cornell. edu/geology/taculty/RWA/research/current_research/ch ile-m-88-earthquake-page/global-earthquakes-and-cit.htmi Guide Questions: 1. Based on your traced map, where do most earthquakes occur? 2. Why is it important to study earthquake locations? 21Activity 2: Moun-train Directions: Using the map of major mountain ranges or belts in the world below, locate and analyze the positions of the major mountain belts. Then, answer the questions that follow. httos://online seterra.com/en/van Guide Questions: 1. What can you say about the locations of mountain ranges? 2. Describe the distribution of the mountain ranges with the distribution of the earthquake epicenters and active volcanoes. 3. Enumerate the bases of scientists in the division of the earth's lithosphere. 22What I Have Learned Directions: MODIFIED TRUE or FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and if FALSE modify the underlined word/s to make the statement correct. 1. The Ring of Fire is a minor area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. 2. The Ring of Fire is sometimes called the Circum- Pacific Belt. 3. Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur because of the movement of the plates, especially as plates interact at their surface. 4, Most earthquakes are found near subduction zones and mid- ocean ridges. 5. A mountain range is a series or chain of mountains that are connected together to forma long line of mountains. 6. Mountain ranges form when two or more plates collide into one another where the colliding land masses are forced downwards, creating the mountain peaks. 7. The Mount Everest is the highest mountain range in the world 8. The Andes Mountains form the longest mountain range in the world. 9, The bases of the scientists in dividing the plates or continents are locations of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters and mountain belts or ranges. 10. The Rocky Mountain range is one of the Jongest ranges on earth J What I Can Do Watch the 2015 film “San Andreas” and make a reaction paper regarding the disaster shown in the movie. You can access in the following links http://facebook.com/sanandreasmovie or http://sanandreasmovie.com. Write your review in long bond paper. Use the format below. Title of the Movie: Setting: Brief Summary Reflection: 23Module 4 Plate Boundaries Most Essential Learning Competencies Describe the different types of plate boundaries (S10ES-laj-36.2) Q) whee! wy What’s In Types of Plate Boundaries Plate boundaries are edges where two plates meet. Most geologic events, including volcanoes, earthquakes, and formation of mountains, take place at plate boundaries. The movement of the plates creates the types of tectonic boundaries. There are three types of plate boundaries, differentiated by the movement they exhibit: * Divergent - where plates move apart Convergent - where plates move towards each other Transform - where plates slide or grind past each other Three Types of Plate Boundaries ‘eteence hips nm gps nnaane earn Sice Topic EatukesEntkes Pte Bena Tec Plates. le ‘Bonar te earths. witspaces conv 24Stress of Rocks The Earth has three layers, the crust, the mantle and the core. The Earth's crust is like the shell of an egg; it is the thinnest of the Earth's layers. The crust is broken into several parts, known as tectonic plates. When the plates are pulled or pushed together, stress occurs. Three types of stresses affect the earth's crust: compression, tension, and shear. All forms of stress cause earthquake and form different geologic features. Compression Stress Compression is @ type of stress that causes the rocks to push or squeeze against one another. It targets the center of the rock and can cause either horizontal or vertical orientation. In horizontal compression stress, the crust can thicken or shorten. In vertical compression stress, the crust can thin out or break off. The force of compression can push rocks together or cause the edges of each plate colliding to rise. Mountains are a result of high-impact compression stress caused when two plates collide. Tension Stress Tension is the opposite of compression. While compression forces the rocks and crust to collide and move together, tension forces the rocks to pull apart. Tension can happen in two ways. Two separate plates can move farther away from each other, or the ends of one plate can move in different directions. Some scientists think tension stress caused the ancient, massive continent Pangaea to break off into the seven continents we have today. Shear Stress When shear stress occurs, the force of the stress pushes some of the crust in different directions. When this happens, a large part of the crust can break off, which makes the plate size smaller. Shear stress usually happens when two plates rub against each other as they move in opposite directions. The friction of a shear stress at the edges of the plate can cause earthquakes. 25Tensional stress Compressional stress Shear stress eterno Ia quale com.KnbHALI2HARZAYZSEUCO og 6) . c ay What’s More Acti ity 1: What’s the type? Directions: Identify the type of plate boundary shown in each picture. Write only the letter of the correct answer. A. Convergent B. Divergent C. Transform 1 2. 3, O O O Activity 2: Who Am I? Directions: Identify the type of plate described below. Choose the correct answer from the word bank. Caribbean Plate Indo-Australian Plate Eurasian Plate North American Plate Cocos Plate 1. Lam a tectonic plate which includes most of the continent of Eurasia. 26N 1am a major tectonic plate formed by the fusion of the Indian and Australian plates. 1am a young oceanic tectonic plate beneath the Pacific Ocean off the west coast of Central America. - 1am mostly oceanic tectonic plate including part of Central America and the Caribbean Sea Jam a large tectonic plate including most of North America, Greenland and part of Siberia » pS Referonce: hips education com worksheet tetris: If Activity 3: The Lithospheric Plate Directions: Study the map below and identify the major and minor plates. Write your answers on the table below. Feterence: ps:/neiogy coma tectones shtnd 27Major Plates Minor Plates Activity 4: Are you STRESSed? Directions: Write STRESSED if the statement is correct. If not, write NOT STRESSED. ___1. In geology, stress is the force per unit area that is placed on rock. ____2. Tension is the major type of stress at transform plate boundaries. ____ 3. Sedimentary rocks that do not have horizontal layers are deformed. __4. Inan anticline, the youngest rocks are at the center. ____5. Ina normal fault, the footwall drops down relative to the hanging wall. ____ 6. A rock's response to stress depends only on the type of stress. ___7. Basin-and-range landforms result from tension pulling crust apart. 8. The oldest layers of sedimentary rock are always found at the bottom unless rock layers have been disturbed 28» ) What | Have Learned Directions: Enumerate the following types and describe each. A. The three types of plate boundaries 1 2 3. B. The three types of stresses 1. 2 3. (fs ) What I Can Do \OG/ The Republic of the Philippines is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It is situated in the western Pacific Ocean and consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Name 5 plate boundaries around the Philippine archipelago. 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