SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

In

Print journalism

Undertaken at

Sakshar Media Solutions & Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements

for the award of

Bachelors of Journalism & Mass Communication (BAJMC)

To
Tecnia Institute of Advanced studies

Supervisor: Dr. Rajnesh Pandey Submitted by: Akanksha Rai

(Asst. Professor) BA(JMC) 3rd Semester

DIV-A

Evening shift

Enrollment number : 01421302421

Batch (2021-2024)

TECNIA INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES

AFFILIATED TO GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY, DELHI
(Approved by AICTE, Ministry of HRD, Govt. of India)
Institutional Area, Madhuban Chowk, Rohini, Delhi- 110085
E-Mail:[email protected], Website: www.tecniaindia.org
 CONTENTS

S No Topic Page No

1 Declaration i

2 Certificate and offer letter ii

3 Acknowledgement iii

4 Preface iv

5 Executive summary v

6 Chapter 1: Introduction 1

Industry profile 9

Company profile: 14

Organisational structure: 16

7 Chapter 2: Job Prospective & Relevance of Training 18

8 Chapter 3: Job Specific analysis 20

9 Chapter 4: Learning Summary 22

10 Summary and Conclusions 27

 Declaration

I , Akanksha Rai enrollment number - 01421302421 certify that this STR entitled ‘Print
Media’ is of my authentic work carried out at Sakshar Media Solutions & Consultants Pvt.
Ltd. from 1st August 2022 to 12th September 2022. The matter embodied in this report is
original.

Countersigned Signature of the Student

i
 Certificate

I, Akanksha Rai, enrollment Number - 01421302421 3rd semester, Div-A, Evening shift,
certify that the Summer Training Report (BJMC - 255) entitled “Summer Training Report in
Sakshar Media as a content writer is done by me and it is an authentic work carried out by
me at Skill Coefficient. The matter embodied in this report has not been submitted earlier for
the award of any degree or diploma to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Signature of the Student

Date:

Certified that the Summer Training Report/ (BJMC – 255)

Done by, Akanksha Rai
Enrollment number- 01421302421 is completed under my guidance.

Signature of the Guide Date:

Name of the Guide: Dr. Rajnesh Kumar Pandey
Designation: Asst. Professor
Countersigned
Tecnia Institute of Advanced Studies
New Delhi-110085

ii
iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am grateful to this company and its educated team and experts who have been extremely
helpful to me in providing opportunity to participate in my training program as Content Writer
intern where I perform different roles like content creation and content editing. The piece of
work is incomplete until, I acknowledge the help and assistance I received during the training.

I pay my sincere gratitude to Mrs. Kavita Mishra their valuable encouragement, guidance,
unfeigned help and rigid support and without her supervision this work would not have
attained its present shape and my whole team, during that internship period they always
helped me.

I express my great regards to Dr. Rajnesh Kumar Pandey (Guide for the reports) of Tecnia
Institute of Advanced studies (TIAS), who provided me valuable suggestions for this training
program.

With immense satisfaction I have completed my training.

Akanksha Rai

BA (JMC) 3rd Sem. Evening shift, Div-A

Enrollment number:

01421302421

iv
 PREFACE
This report is a product of my association with communication discipline in theory and
practical. In the ever changing world of communication and media; this report is a result of
the practical training I got in this company for 5 weeks. The report is presented in an
understandable pattern.
Looking at communication as an essential feature of human society and print media being the
best, I have explained the print media’s past, present and future with different details about
print media and the organization.
I have addressed two major points in this report. One what is print media and trends,
particularly in India. Two, organization’s profile with the work I did during the training. This
helped me to correlate the knowledge gained at the college level with that in a professional
environment.
The work is undertaken with the modest aim to get the feel of real world working situations.
To report the findings about the exposure I got, which is quite different from simulated
industry atmosphere of practical done in the college. The readers of this report will find this
report as a valuable work.

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

I underwent training in this company for 5-6 weeks and the training helped me gain practical
exposure and enhanced my journalistic skills.

At this News portal by the help of Mrs. Kavita Mishra, I learnt how to work in the content
department. She gave me many tips like how to write articles to target your audience and I
gained a lot of practical exposure which helped me to improve my skills.

The training here started with 3 days of work with a team to just observe their work and help
them in content making and scripting , so that trainee can understand each and every aspect of
working .

While working in the office, the learning process is totally different from the classroom
environment. The learning is more practical and advanced than the theoretical aspects taught
in the classrooms, it was rather a very friendly environment. The ideology of working in such
an environment gives us the benefit to learn more and more and grow future prospects. They
strictly follow the format of their department. After 3 days I became a part of a team and the
task here was given to write some scripts according to the company’s demand and after
getting approval from the seniors we had to finalise the script, edit it and had to be approved it
from Ms. Kavita Mishra.
In my training period I found out some very different and really colourful definitions of what
it takes to be a journalist.

Like every other thing training also has its own benefits and limitations. Training helps to get
a practical exposure of all the things taught in the theory sessions and gives the opportunity to
work as content writer, Script writer and proved as a catapult in uplifting existing calibre there
.If training has some benefits then it has certain limitations also. A trainee, in the eyes of
media organization is one who is totally unaware of the practical knowledge and thus he/she is
not given any project or assignment individually earlier as if he\she has more calibre than the
people who are already working from past. He/She is completely inexperienced so a media
organization cannot afford to trust completely on an intern. It, therefore, becomes difficult for
an intern to get his own work. While working in media organization of repute, it is expected to
give your 100% to your work with sincerity but no stipends are provided.

After the end of the summer training internship, some of the objectives were achieved. The
purpose of the workshop was to put my theoretical knowledge to practical use so that I could
enhance my skills. The work was so organized that it offered me easy access to various source
of information, and at the same time, it offered me a work environment. This environment

vi
enabled me to bring out my leadership qualities and work on my communication, technical
skills. It made me even more bold and outgoing. It helped me a great deal in knowing about
the market conditions and where will I stand after receiving the degree. During the course of
my internship, I enhanced my communication skills, confidence, working skills, personality,
Technological Knowledge etc. and all the objectives of the workshop were fulfilled by my
sincere effect and support of my seniors and colleagues in this company.

vii
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
JOURNALISM
Journalism refers to the production and distribution of reports on recent events. The word
journalism applies to the occupation, using methods of gathering information and utilizing
literary techniques. Various forms of journalistic mediums include: print, television,
radio,Internetand in the past: newsreel.

Concepts of the appropriate role for journalism vary between countries. In some nations, the
news media is controlled by government intervention, and is not a fully independent body. In
others, the news media is independent of the government but instead operates as private
industry motivated by profit. In addition to the varying nature of how media organizations are
run and funded, countries may have differing implementations of laws handling the freedom
of speech and libel cases.

The advent of the Internet and smart phones has brought significant changes to the media
landscape in recent years. This has created a shift in the consumption of print media channels,
as people increasingly consume news through e-readers, smart phones, and other personal
electronic devices, as opposed to the more traditional formats of newspapers, magazines or
television news channels. News organizations are challenged to fully monetize their digital
wing, as well as improvise on the context in which they publish in print. Newspapers have
seen print revenues sink at a faster pace than the rate of growth for digital revenues.

While publications reporting news to the general public in a standardized fashion only began
to appear in the 17th century and later, governments as early as Han dynasty China made use
of regularly published news bulletins. Similar publications were established in the Republic
of Venicein the 16th century. These bulletins, however, were intended only for government
officials, and thus were not journalistic news publications in the modern sense of the term.

IMPORTANCE OF JOURNALISM
It is hard to think of a profession of greater public importance than journalism. What
journalists publish and broadcast constitute the chief means whereby citizens inform
themselves about public life in their societies, enabling them to play the role of active
participants in democratic life. Journalism is particularly important as a provider of
independent information about government, and therefore as one of the main checks on
the power of the state. It also has the capability to monitor the activities of large, powerful
institution – both profit and non profit- that affect the lives of the people. Indeed, in this
complicated world, it is almost impossible for people to keep informed about and engaged
in public life without the presence of a well-trained and capable press. A well functioning

1
democracy depends on good journalism. Markets cannot function well without reliable and
timely information provided by a good journalist.

SIGNIFICANCE OF JOURNALISM
The word "journalism" is often complicated and misinterpreted by many. Most people do not
consider journalism a profession because there isn't a set of guidelines that everybody must
pass and there is no required curriculum for journalists. We live in a time where news is
accessed in many different ways through many different platforms. Bloggers and activists are
considered journalists by many. And this is where the complication of the word lies.

Journalists can not solely be looked at as writers, editors and news anchors. Being a journalist
means being an invisible fourth branch to the government. The Founding Fathers created the
First Amendment in order to protect the press against tyranny. Journalists are expected to be
the watchdogs of society and to inform the public. It requires a great civic duty and a
devotion to truth. Journalists provide citizens with the information to form their own
opinions.

Often times, journalists can lose their credibility due to the vast amount of news sources
available to use today. Many people receive news via Twitter, Facebook or blogs. Would we
consider these people journalists because they are informing the public? Should there be a
distinction between people who study journalism and people who tell the news? Journalists
differ from bloggers because they hold themselves to a higher standard. Journalists must
choose their sources, diligently seek out the truth and always identify sources and their
motives.

Citizens depend on journalists to report the fair truth and to maintain an unbiased opinion.
The role of a journalist is to facilitate democracy and it is important to establish who a
journalist is for credibility and professional purposes. We live in a world where clickbait is
considered a form of "journalism," when the press used to be of huge importance a century
ago. Society is making it harder for journalists to remain credible. The world needs
journalists because they are committed to finding truth and protecting citizens.

Here are six roles the modern journalist should serve:

The Ethical Role-Yes, journalists get bashed about because of real and imagined lapses in
ethics, but the challenge now is to raise the bar on professional ethics, and then provide
ethical guidance to today’s participatory audience. We should deal more swiftly and
transparently with ethical errors within the profession, but we should also provide teaching
tools on information ethics, what ethics means and why it’s important, and how to spot
compromised ethics.

The Guide/Filter Role -Editors and reporters should assume some responsibility for
providing their audiences with pointers to the best stuff on the web, be it the best-reported
of the important news or the most interesting and entertaining articles and videos. In a
command and-control environment, we cared only about directing people to what we

2
 ourselves did. Now our role is to help audiences sift through the glut of information
assaulting them daily by providing pointers. This is the value-add role, and if done right it
can help overcome the digital age tendency for people to focus too narrowly on their own
interests. If done well, it will bring more people to your site or publication.

The Understanding and Context Role -Why should the best bloggers get to have all the
fun? The best journalists should become the best bloggers. I know many really, really
smart reporters and editors. These people should have blogs, and they should serve readers
better by taking the news of the day and putting it in context, combing articles for the
tidbits that need to be weaved together to make a bigger whole, and explaining what it all
means.

The Conversation Leader Role -Already, our news reports start a lot of conversations
with our without our consent. The conversation-starter role should become explicit in our
job descriptions. Once started, we should guide it. We should thank and encourage the
good contributors, and depreciate the bad contributors. We should highlight the smartest
things people say. We should provide our own insights and supplemental knowledge to
any conversation we find. We should be full participants, not just the lurking overlords of
top-down media.

The Aggregator Role -We should aggressively gather data related to the communities
we serve. We should make sure that anything that is knowable about a community we
serve is findable through resources we provide. While in the Guide/Filter Role we might
provide pointers, in the Aggregator Role, we make data available and let people find it
for themselves. This is a role that serves the long tail of information, because we never
know what other individuals might find useful, important or necessary.

The Straight News Role -We cannot, even if we wanted to, and should not, cede our
professional responsibilities to uncover news. We must know about everything important
going on in the communities that we serve, and we should strive to be the first to tell our
communities about the important news of the moment (note: no longer of the day, but of
the moment). We must still be out in our communities gathering facts and organizing
them in a way that is relevant and useful and then reporting the most important facts to
our communities.

PRINT MEDIA IN INDIA

In India print media has been closely associated with the freedom struggle. In the 19th
century, the press fought for the information of and the right to criticize.

3
The evolution of Newspapers in India is with the introduction of ‘Bengal Gazette’ started by
James Augustus Hicky in 1780 from Calcutta as a weekly two sheet paper. This Newspaper
paved the way for Indian freedom struggle and the fight against the social evils in India by
the way of revolutionary and enlightening writings. Very soon other Newspapers such as
Calcutta Chronicle, Madras Courier, and Bombay Herald, Bombay Courier, Bombay Gazette
entered into the scene and the Newspapers in Hindi and other regional languages also started
flourishing in the various parts of the nation. Bengal was the birth place of Journalism in
India and the language press. ‘Samachar Darpan’ was the first Indian language Newspaper
which was a Bengali weekly newspaper introduced in 1818 and the first periodical of India in
Indian language was ‘Dig Darshan’ in Bangla language started in the same year. ‘Eenadu’
was a Telugu daily which was started by Ramoji Rao, first Gujarati Newspaper was ‘Bombay
Samachar’ which still exists and is considered as the oldest living Indian Newspaper of India.

IMPORTANCE
It is hard to think of a profession of greater public importance than journalism. What
journalists publish and broadcast constitute the chief means whereby citizens inform
themselves about public life in their societies, enabling them to play the role of active
participants in democratic life. Journalism is particularly important as a provider of
independent information about government, and therefore as one of the main checks on the
power of the state. It also has the capability to monitor the activities of large, powerful
institution – both profit and non- profit that affect the lives of the people. Indeed, in this
complicated world, it is almost impossible for people to keep informed about and engaged in
public life without the presence of a well-trained and capable press. A well functioning
democracy depends on good journalism. Markets cannot function well without reliable and
timely information provided by a good journalist. Journalists can not solely be looked at as
writers, editors and news anchors. Being a journalist means being an invisible fourth branch
to the government. The founding Fathers created the First Amendment in order to protect the
press against tyranny. Journalists are expected to be the watchdogs of society and to inform
the public. It requires a great civic duty and a devotion to truth. Journalists provide citizens
with the information to form their own opinions.

JOURNALISTIC SKILLS
Earlier, science was power, but today information is that power by which we can secure
ourselves against danger and also get knowledge about environment. Journalism means,
“collecting is information” so it is also that medium by which we can get information from
the world.

JOURNALISM INCLUDES

1. The collecting, writing, editing and presenting of news or news articles in newspapers
and magazines and in radio and television broadcasts.

2. Material written for publication in a newspaper or magazine or for broadcast.

4
3. The style of writing characteristic of material in newspapers and magazines,
consisting of direct presentation of facts or occurrences with little attempt at analysis
interpretation.

4. Newspapers and magazines.

5. An academic course training students in journalism.

6. Written material of current interest or wide popular appeal.

Journalism has two major components :

◼ Reporting
◼ Editing

REPORTING
By reporting, we mean collection or gathering of facts about current events or
background material required for a news story or feature. Reporters do it through
interviews, investigations and observation. Reporters are given directions by editors to
cover a particular event, known as assignments. They may be general assignments or
special ones. Reporters write the news stories, which are called copies. Let us consider an
example. Now read the following. “Prime Minister declared that the yields from the
explosion are in line with expected values. Date May 11, 1998. India steps short of
declaring itself a nuclear weapon state. It conducts three nuclear explosions .It was in
Pokhran that India exploded its first nuclear device on May 18, 1974. Code of the
operation was Smiling Buddha. May 11 was Buddha Jayanti. The code this time was
Operation Sakthi. This time the explosions include a fusion device, a low yield device
and a thermonuclear device”. A reporter should write with clarity, objectivity and
accuracy. A reporter who covers a particular area or subject specialises in that.

SOURCES OF A REPORTER
Reporters get news stories from various sources. The following are the main sources:

a) Listening: A reporter can get good stories by listening to others. While traveling in a
bus, the reporter overhears the conversation between two passengers. “Did you go to
the town today? There was a terrible accident. A school bus overturned. Twenty
children were taken to hospital.” By listening to this, the reporter gets a clue to a
story. He now has to find out more details of the accident. Which school bus was
involved? How many children were injured? Were there any casualties ? In which
hospital were they been admitted? The reporter goes to the accident site to collect all
this information. The reporter’s job does not end there. He has to inform the
photographer about the accident. The next day’s newspaper should also carry some
good photographs about the accident.

5
b) Covering events : “India-Pakistan cricket Test in Mumbai”, “ Kumbhmela in
Haridwar”, “ International Film Festival in Goa “, these are all events. Reporters
cover these events for their publications, channels or new bulletins. The coverage
depends upon the importance and magnitude of the event. A small panchayat level
meeting will be covered locally, whereas a state level function will get wider
coverage. If it is a national event, it will receive nationwide attention.

c) Press conferences: Another major source of news is the press conference. Leaders of
political parties hold press conferences regularly. Ministers also hold press
conferences to announce various programmes and policies of the government.
Business houses arrange press conferences to launch their new products.
Organisations and Associations also held press briefings.

d) Reports and statements: These are another major sources of news items. Various
commissions and committees submit their reports to the Government which are a
goldmine
as far as news reporters are concerned. Statements or press releases by leaders and
businessmen also make news.

e) Parliament and Assemblies: Parliament and state assemblies when in session

generate lot of news. Questions in both the houses of parliament, proceedings, calling
attentions, zerohour mentions, debates and various acts passed by the parliament also
make news. The general budget and railway budget are presented in parliament. State
budgets are presented in state assemblies.

f) Police sources: The police are in charge of law and order. So, the police always
maintain a close vigil about various activities of citizens. Reporters get details about
crime, accidents etc. from police sources.

g) Interviews: Interviewing people connected with an event or incident is a very

common practice used by reporters to get details. Television reporters take the
opinion of people which are called reactions. Occasionally, reporters of newspapers
and channels conduct long interviews with important people.

EDITING
A person who edits is called an editor. By editing, we mean preparing a news report for
publication, telecast or broadcast. Editing is a process by which a report is read,
corrected, modified, value-added, polished, improved and made better for publication.
Condensation is also part of editing. Try and read the following. Do you find it easy to
read? May 11, 1998. “India conducts three nuclear explosions at its Pokhran nuclear test
site. These include a fusion device, a low yield device and a thermo nuclear device.
Prime Minister declares that the yields from the explosions are in line with expected

6
values. India stops short of declaring itself a nuclear weapon state. On May 18, 1974
India exploded its first nuclear device, code named Smiling Buddha. After about a
quarter century, on Buddha Jayanti day, May 11, 1998, Operation Sakthi was carried out.
The copy of the report has been improved by the editor and is therefore easier to read and
understand. The editor also decides whether photographs or other images or graphs
should be used along with the report. A good editor needs creative skills, command over
the language, ideas to improve the copy ,and correct judgement about how much
importance should be given to a particular news item.

The editor is a person who edits. An editor supervises the reporters and improves his
reports for publication. An editor also plans about what to report, how to cover and the
relative
importance to be given to each story. In a newspaper, the top post is that of a Chief
Editor. The Chief Editor or Editor heads all departments in a newspaper and is in charge
of the overall supervision. Next to this post, there are managing editors. For assisting
him, there are assistant managing editors or deputy managing editors. Then there are
news editors. They are directly in charge of the news desks. The desk is the place where
reports are edited and sent for printing. Under the news editors are chief sub editors or
desk chiefs. Once the news editor selects the reports to be published, the desk chief gives
that to sub editors under him to polish, correct, edit, put a headline, select the type phase
and add pictures or graphs if required. This is the main process of editing. Modern
newspapers have editors for every section. The sports editor looks after sports news. The
feature editor looks after the features section. Picture editors are in charge of
photographers. Like that business editors look after business news. Then there are city
editors who are in charge of the local area. In big cities they are called metro editors.

OBJECTIVES OF EDITING:

• To present an item or piece in a summarized or concise form

• To enhance the clarity of items

• To increase the understanding or comprehension of the item

• To ensure coherence of thought in news item

• To maintain consistency or continuity in the news coverage

• To make the item readable and interesting

• To put the item in a presentable manner

• To ensure that the item is in a good taste

7
 INDUSTRY PROFILE
MEDIA:

The beginning of human communication through designed channels, i.e. notvocalization or

gestures, dates back to ancient cave paintings, drawn maps, and writing.
The Persian Empire played an important role in the field of communication. It has the first
real mail or postal system, which is said to have been developed by the Persian emperor
Cyrus the Great after his conquest of Medes. The role of the system as an intelligence
gathering apparatus is well documented, and the service was (later) called angariae, a term
that in time turned to indicate atax system. The Old Testament makes mention of this system:
Ahasuerus, king of Medes, used couriers for communicating his decisions
The word communication is derived from the Latin root communicare. This was due to the
Roman Empire also devising what might be described as a mailor postal system, in order to
centralize control of the empire from Rome. This allowed for personal letters and for Rome to
gather knowledge about events in its many widespread provinces. More advanced postal
systems later appeared in the Islamic Caliphate and the Mongol Empire during the Middle
Ages.
The term media in its modern application relating to communication channels is traced back
to its first use as such by Canadian communications theorist Marshall McLuhan, who stated
in Counterblas 1954 "The media are not toys; they should not be in the hands of Mother
Goose and Peter Pan executives. They can be entrusted only to new artists, because they are
art forms." By the mid1960s, the term had spread to general use in North America and the
United Kingdom. (Mass media), in contrast, was, according to H.L. Mencken, used as early
as 1923 in the United States.
Media technology has made viewing increasingly easier as time has passed throughout
history. Children today are encouraged to use media tools in school and are expected to have
a general understanding of the various technologies available. The internet is arguably one of
the most effective tools in media for communication tools such ase-mail, Skype, and
Facebook have brought people closer together and created new online communities.
However, some may argue that certain types of media can hinder face-to-face. Therefore, it is
an important source of communication.
In a large consumer-driven society, electronic media (such as television) and print
media(such as newspapers) are important for distributing advertisement media. More
technologically advanced societies have access to goods and services through newer media
than less technologically advanced societies. In addition to this "advertising" role, media is
nowadays a tool to share knowledge all around the world. Analysing the evolution of medium
within the society, Popkinassesses the important role of media, by building connection
between politics, culture and economic life and the society, for instance periodical newspaper
has been an opportunity to first advertise and second to be up-to-date with current foreign

8
affairs or the nation economic situation. In the meantime, Willinsky was promoting the role
of modern technology as a way to come across cultural, gender, national barriers. He saw in
internet an opportunity to establish a fair and equal system of knowledge: as internet may be
accessible to anyone, any published information may be read and consulted by anyone.
Therefore, internet is a sustainable solution to overcome the "gap" between developed and
developing countries as both will get a chance to learn from each other. Canagarajah is
addressing the issue of unbalanced relations between the North and South countries, asserting
that Western countries tend to impose their own ideas on developing countries. Therefore,
internet is way to re-establish balance, by for instance enhance publication of newspaper,
academic journal from developing countries. Christen is the one who created a system that
provide access to knowledge and protect people's customs and culture. Indeed, in some
traditional societies, some genders cannot have access to a certain type of knowledge
therefore respecting these customs limit the scope of dissemination but still allow the
diffusion of knowledge. Within this process of dissemination, media would play a role of
"intermediaries", that is say translation an academic research into a journalistic format,
accessible by lay audience. Consequently, media is a modern form of communication aiming
at spreading knowledge within the whole world, regardless any form of discrimination.
Media, through media and communications psychology, has helped to connect diverse people
from far and near geographical location. It has also helped in the aspect of on-line or Internet
businesses and other activities that have an on-line version. All media intended to affect
human behaviour is initiated through communication and the intended behaviour is couched
in psychology. Therefore, understanding media and communications psychology is
fundamental in understanding the social and individual effects of media. The expanding field
of media and communications psychology combines these established disciplines in a new
way.

MEDIA IN INDIA

Media of India consist of several different types of Indian communications media:

television, radio, cinema, newspapers, magazines, and Internet-based Web sites. Many of the
media are controlled by large, for-profit corporations which reap revenue from advertising,
subscriptions, and sale of copyrighted material. India also has a strong music and film
industry. India has more than 70,000 newspapers and over 1600 satellite channels and is the
biggest newspaper market in the world - over 100 million copies sold each day .
The first Indian media were established in the late 19th century with the newspaper Hicky's
Bengal Gazette, founded in 1780.Auguste and Louis Lumière moving pictures were screened
in Bombay during July 1895; and radio broadcasting began in 1927. Indian media—private
media in particular— have been "free and independent" throughout most of their history. The
period of emergency(1975–1977), declared by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, was the brief
period when India's media were faced with potential government retribution.

9
PRINT MEDIA
Currently India publishes about 1,000HindiDailies that have a total circulation of about 80 million
copies. English, these cond languagein terms of number of daily newspapers, has about 250 dailies
with a circulation of about 40 million copies. The prominent Hindi newspapers are Dainik Jagran,
Dainik Bhaskar, Amar Ujala, Navbharat Times, Hindustan Dainik, Prabhat Khabar, Rajasthan
Patrika, and Nai Dunia.

In terms of readership, Dainik Jagranis the most popular Hindi daily with a total readership (TR) of
54,583,000, according to IRSRound One 2009.Dainik Bhaskar is the second most popular with a total
readership of 33,500,000.Amar Ujala with TR of 28,674,000,Hindustan Dainik with TR of 26,769,000
and Rajasthan Patrika with a TR of 14,051,000 are placed at the next three positions. The total
readership of Top 10 Hindi dailies is estimated at 188.68 million, nearly five times of Top 10 English
dailies that have 38.76 million total readership.

The prominent English newspapers are The Times of India, founded in 1838 as The Bombay Times
and Journal of Commerce by Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd, a colonial enterprise now owned by an
Indian conglomerate; The Times Group. The Hindustan Times was founded in 1924 during the Indian
Independence Movement('Hindustan' being the historical name ofIndia), it is published by HT Media
Ltd. The Hindu was founded in 1878 by a group known as Triplicane Six consisting of four law
students and two teachers in Madras(now Chennai), it is now owned by The Hindu Group.
In the 1950s 214 daily newspapers were published in the country. Out of these, 44 were English
language dailies while the rest were published in various regional and national languages. This
number rose to 3,805 dailies in 1993 with the total number of newspapers published in the country
reached 35,595.

TYPES OF PRINT MEDIA

Newspapers
When deciding upon a newspaper in which to advertise, there are three physical criteria to
consider: distribution, size, and audience. Newspapers are either daily or weekly, come in a
standard or tabloid size, and reach a large percentage of the reading public. Because of the
broad demographic reach of most newspapers it is difficult to target a specific audience,
however, newspapers are effective in increasing awareness of a business products and
services in a specific geographical area.

Types of ads placed in newspapers include: display ads, classified ads, public notes, and
preprinted inserts. Newspaper ads have some flexibility in their size. For instance, some are
small boxes that take up only a small portion of a page, while others might span one or two
full pages (the latter, however, are typically only bought by larger corporations). Regardless
of this flexibility, newspaper ads can only use limited special effects, such as font size and
color. These limitations lead to advertising "clutter" in newspapers because all the ads look
very similar. Therefore, advertisers must use original copy and headings to differentiate their

10
ads from those of their competitors. The quick turnover of newspapers also allows the
advertiser to adjust ads to meet new market conditions, however, this turnover means that the
same ad may need to be inserted over a significant period of time in order to reach its target
audience.

Magazines
With magazines an advertiser can focus on a specific target audience. As the Small Business
Administration pointed out in Advertising Your Business: "Audiences can be reached by
placing ads in magazines which have well-defined geographic, demographic, or lifestyle
focus." An attractive option for many small businesses may be placing an ad in the localized
edition of a national magazine. But magazine advertisements often have a lag time of a
couple of months between the purchase of ad space and the publication of the issue in
question. Magazines, then, are sometimes not the optimum option for businesses seeking to
target fast-changing market trends.

In addition to the above factors, it is also important to consider the nature of the magazine ad
copy. Magazines allow elaborate graphics and colours, which give advertisers more creative
options than do newspapers. Also, recent surveys have indicated that informative ads are the
most persuasive.
Therefore, it is important to include copy and art work that are direct and that present
important product information to the consumer, such as how the product works, how it
benefits the consumer, and where it can be purchased.

Direct Mail
Many consultants feel that direct mail is the best way for a small business to begin
developing awareness in its target consumers. Mailing lists can be generated (even though
they are often difficult to maintain) with the names of those people most likely to purchase
the advertiser's products or services. However, direct mail is not always cost effective. A
direct mailing campaign can cost as much as $1,000 to reach 1,000 people, whereas
television can reach a similar number of potential customers at a fraction of that cost. But
business experts indicate that direct mail does tend to generate more purchasing responses
than does television, and they observe that the products of many small businesses are often
more suited to a direct mailing campaign than to indirect, image advertising.

Yellow Pages
The Small Business Administration stated in "Advertising Your Business" that a yellow page
ad is often used to "complement or extend the effects of advertising placed in other media."
Such an ad has permanence and can be used to target a specific geographic area or
community. Essentially, a yellow page ad gives the consumer information needed to make a
purchase. Therefore the key information to include in such an ad includes: the products and
services available, location, phone number, business hours, special features, such as the
acceptable kinds of payment (i.e., credit cards, checks), parking availability, discounts, and

11
delivery policies and emergency services. The best way to arrange this information is in a list,
so that the consumer will be able to scan the ad for the desired information.

A major consideration with a yellow page ad is where to place it, which primarily depends on
the directory (or category) under which businesses choose to locate their ads. Central to this
choice are the products or services that the company wishes to emphasize. The ad copy
should complement the directory, indicating the main products and services for sale, so that
the ad will emerge from the similar looking ads that surround it.

Outdoor Advertising
Outdoor advertising usually comes in two forms: billboards and transit posters. Like yellow
page ads, outdoor advertising is usually used to support advertisements placed in other media.
One of the greatest strengths of outdoor advertising is as a directional marker to point
customers toward your business. Since the prospective consumer often has only fleeting
exposure to billboards and transit posters, the advertising copy written for these media needs
to be brief with the ability to communicate ideas at a glance. To do this well one must use
graphics and headings efficiently and artfully.

COMPANY PROFILE
NAME OF THE COMPANY: Sakshar Media

ADDRESS: Sector 7, Rohini, New Delhi, Delhi 110085

TYPE OF ORGANIZATION: News portal, Media House

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF TRAINING

12
 1. IMPROVING SKILLS: That internship helps me in improving my skills and
techniques in writing content both in English and Hindi .

2. UNDERSTANDING JOB PROSPPECTS: Any internship doubtlessly helps intern

to gather up knowledge about the commitment and qualities required for the job.

3. DEVELOP CONTACTS: It helps in developing the contacts in the production

house and others too, this might be helpful in later stages of our careers.
4. ENHANCES THE OVERALL PERSONALITY: To broaden the horizon by
further enhancing total personality and leadership quality.
5. VALUABLE WORK: Work experience is always a treasure for any person and thus
it provides add on to each individual’s resume.

6. TARGET AUDIENCE: That internship period also gives me the knowledge about
the audience, how to target your audience etc.

PRESENT LEADERSHIP
This internship was the good experience. As I have done a lot of work and I have
interacted with many people in this internship. There were people of different levels and I
have learned a lot from the company. It was true that experience is the best teacher. It has
been an enriching experience for me to undergo my summer training. The meaning of
training is to learn a skill. It’s is an act of increasing the knowledge and skills for doing a
job.

CHAPTER 2
JOB PROSPECTIVE AND RELEVANCE OF TRAINING
It is true that “Experience is best teacher”. It has been an enriching experience for me to
undergo my summer training at Sakshar Media Solutions & Consultants Pvt. Ltd. The
meaning of training is "to learn a skill". It’s an act of increasing the knowledge and skills for
doing a job. My small tenure at Sakshar Media Solutions & Consultants Pvt. Ltd. has put me
into the existing environment where actual challenges appear when we must face reality.
All the software/program/procedures based on the concepts I had already learned during my
course, but there are lot more things involved in developing a live application (that is to be
used by some business organization) and those things can be learned only from a good
company’s productive environment like which are never taught at classes. Training helped
me to learn things that are available only at actual environment and working on a live project.
During my initial period in training, I mainly focused on:

13
REWRITING:
Rewriting is editing that involves writing something again. This rewriting is necessary to
change the monotony of reading the same text again and again.

ORGANISE WRITING:
We rewrite to organize the writing. That is, it deals with one subject, and its sentences flow
from one to the other. When sentences are broken up, the logical subjects can become
disorganized and the sentence flow and unity lost. This may make the writing harder to
comprehend. This is only one aspect of the bad consequences of sentence slicing and word
shrinking.

MATCHING READING LEVELS:

Another point is that people find text more readable when it is in the form they are used to.
So, different faculties might prefer certain styles and find these easier to read than other
styles. People with a high reading level (reading age may find material of a lower level harder
to read and comprehend.

REWRITING IS NOT HACKING:

The upshot of this is that text identified as being hard to read should be improved by
rewriting in the normal way (that is, using the techniques of good writing). Of course, shorter
words and expressions should be sought, but the organization of the text should be reviewed
to ensure it is clearly on one subject and the sentences flow easily.

SENTENCE VARIETY:
Other aspects include sentence variety. Effective text written for one grade level might
contain sentences more appropriate to a much higher-grade level. When such sentences occur
among other, shorter and easier sentences, they do not detract from the readability of the
writing. If the sentences were reduced in size, the flow and organization of the writing would
be lost. So, mechanically chopping sentences so they are all of the same length would have
disastrous effects on the readability of the text.
So, while rewriting text, you might replace longer words with shorter ones and break long
sentences into shorter ones, but you also need to review your writing to ensure it retains the
qualities of good writing. Sometimes a sentence needs to be made longer to keep the unity
and flow of the text.

DATA COLLECTION
Data collection is a term used to describe a process of preparing and collecting data - for
example as part of a process improvementor similar project. The purpose of data collection is
to obtain information to keep on record, to make decisions about important issues, to pass
information on to others. Primarily, data is collected to provide information regarding a
specific topic.
Data collection usually takes place early on in an improvement project, and is often
formalized through a data collection plan which often contains the following activity.

14
● Pre collection activity – Agree goals, target data, definitions, methods
● Collection – data collection
● Present Findings – usually involves some form of sorting] analysis and/or
presentation.

15
 CHAPTER 3
JOB SPECIFIC ANALYSIS

Job analysis is a family of procedures to identify the content of a job in terms of activities
involved and attributes or job requirements needed to perform the activities. Job analysis
provides information of organizations which helps to determine which employees are best fit
for specific jobs. Through job analysis, the analyst needs to understand what the important
tasks of the job are, how they are carried out, and the necessary human qualities needed to
complete the job successfully.
Being a summer trainee, I never worked like a trainee in Sakshar Media, rather involved
myself in the environment as a junior or assisting to the seniors. I worked with positive
attitude with eagerness to learn and adapt the things quickly.

I have done my internship in at Sakshar Media Solutions & Consultants Pvt. Ltd., during my
5-6 weeks internship I worked in the Editorial desk of at Sakshar Media Solutions &
Consultants Pvt. Ltd, was given an opportunity to work in different departments like news,
and business during my 5-6 weeks Internship.

WEEKLY WORK
WEEK 1
In 1st week I select my profession as Content writer and then register it after that I get my
posting training.

Here are some of the links:

https://deltanewslive.com/kartik-aryan-shares-interesting-video-with-chhote-rooh-
baba/

https://deltanewslive.com/krk-arrested-for-controversial-tweet/

WEEK 2

Around the 2nd week I have learned about their news portal perfect sourcing and how to post
my articles on it and how to rewrite of articles.
https://deltanewslive.com/chest-pain-after-arrest-krk-admitted-to-hospital/

16
https://deltanewslive.com/67th-filmfare-awards-2022-complete-list-of-winners/

WEEK 3

In week 3rd I have learned about the editing in the content which required.

https://deltanewslive.com/swara-got-angry-on-boycott-trend-gave-this-statement-
about-alia/

https://deltanewslive.com/akshay-and-priyankas-unseen-song-director-sunil-will-
release/

WEEK 4

In the 4th week I learned about how to reach to the audience through which I can get to know
about my target audience and this help me to know that what my audience want from me and
17
within this week I’ve been posting the news on various groups at social media platforms and
I’ve learned about social media optimization.

https://deltanewslive.com/demolished-twin-tower/

Week 5
In the 5th week I started to edit and upload my content on different beats.
https://deltanewslive.com/cyrus-mistrys-funeral-its-method-is-completely-different-
in-the-parsi-community/

CHAPTER 4
LEARNING SUMMARY
Every task is aim-oriented. A focused goal and an optimistic approach towards any work is
the foremost thing behind a successful accomplishment. My internship at company was also a
goal oriented exposure. I also simultaneously fulfilled my objectives, which are:

 To get a practical training at a professional organization, a requirement according to

the university’s directives.
 To develop skills and techniques in reporting and editing.
 To gain awareness of overall industry and it’s functioning. To learn first-hand
experience about how a company works.
 To develop contacts in industry, this might be helpful in later stages of our careers.
 To get the feel of real world working situation, which is quite different from the
stimulated skills.

When I started this course I had no idea that “JOURNALISM” involves and what exactly
film making is a lot more than writing on desks or covering an event or sitting in front of the
camera and speaking incoherently about whatever has been written on the script. In my
training period I found out some very different and really colourful definitions of what it
takes to be a journalist or a director. But I think in order to become a good journalist one has
to have certain skills. First and foremost one should have an excellent communication skill.
Be it writing or speaking it is the most important thing to have while we are present in
the field. Only through these skills we will be able to accomplish most of our work. A curious
and inquisitive mind, empathy, patience and understanding creativity are a must too. More
than just working “you” one has to work for the team, the viewer, all the time keeping in
mind the expectations that they have.
The responsibilities which were given to me, which were not many or rather the training
that I received in the organization taught me some very basic things. Just as:
• I learnt that no matter what one can never delay deadlines.
• One can never improvise facts. Facts have to be confirmed and genuine always.
• Most important was that there is no alternative to “HARDWORK”
18
ADVANTAGES OF TRAINING
Training and development is simply defined as ‘the formal, ongoing efforts that are made
within an organization to improve the performance of its employees’. Training and
development can also be described as ‘an educational process which involves the sharpening
of skills, concepts, changing of attitude and gaining more knowledge to enhance the
performance of employees. While new methods are under continuous development, several
common training methods have proved to be highly effective. Some notable examples
include orientations, class room lectures, case studies, role playing, simulations and computer
based training. Training and development programs may be focused on individual
performance or team performance. In order to maximize the effectiveness of training and
development program, organizations must constantly assess and identify their employees’
current training and development needs to prepare them for their next positions to achieve
higher growth. Organizations have to recognize that different employees will have different
needs and these needs will change over the time as these workers continue in their careers.
When the organization invests in improving the knowledge and skills of its employees, the
investment is returned in the form of more productive and effective employees. In nutshell,
training is crucial for organizational development and its success which is indeed fruitful to
both employers and employees of an organization. Here are some important benefits of
training and development.

Increased productivity: Training and development directly improves efficiency and

productivity of employees. Employees remain up to date with new technology and thus use
existing ones in a better way. Well trained employees show both quantity and quality
performance. There is less wastage of time, money and resources when employees are
properly trained.

Less supervision: Training improves necessary skill sets in employees and empowers them
to address tasks independently. In other words, a well trained employee will be well
acquainted with the job and hence they need less of supervision.

Reduction of errors & accidents: Most of the errors occur because of many employees lack
the desired knowledge and precise skills required for doing a particular job. Continuous
Training and development ensures that employees get the right skills at right time .The more
trained an employee is, the less are the chances of committing errors in job.

Talent pool: Creating a pool of cross-trained employees helps to bridge gaps when someone
unexpectedly leaves the company - or if they accept a transfer or a promotion. Employees can
be trained on a minor additional skill in sales, customer service, administration and
operations. Cross training also fosters team spirit, as employees appreciate the challenges
faced by co-workers.

19
Uncover employee potential: Most of the companies overlook the hidden talent of their
employees, Training and development provides a catalytic platform for employees to share
their ideas with management. It has been proved that some employees might be yearning for
a leadership role within the business, but because there is no leadership development program
in place, these individuals don’t get the chance to prove their ability or further develop these
hidden skills. Allowing employees to attend these programs helps to spot the leaders of
tomorrow within current work force.
Job satisfaction: Training and development makes the employees feel more satisfied with
the role they play in the company or organization. This is driven by the great ability they gain
to execute their duties. They feel they belong to the company or the organization that they
work for and the only way to reward it is giving the best services they can.

Reduction of turnover and absenteeism: Employee turnaround costs time and money.
Training creates a feeling of confidence in the minds of the employees. It gives them a
security at the workplace. As a result, labour turnover and absenteeism rates are reduced.

Address employee weaknesses: Most of the employees have certain weaknesses in their
workplace, which hinder them from giving the best outputs. Training assists in eliminating
these weaknesses, by strengthening workers skills and dissolving inner barriers. A well
organized development program helps employees gain analogous skills and knowledge, thus
bringing them all to an advanced uniform level. This simply means that the whole workforce
is reliable, so the company or organization doesn’t have to rely only on specific employees.

Increased consistency: A well-organized training and development program gives

employees constant knowledge and experience. Access to regular training ensures that all
employees have a consistent experience and consistent knowledge of tasks and procedures,
something which is particularly important when it comes to basic company policies and
procedures. Ensuring that all employees have consistent knowledge also helps to ensure that
tasks are completed on time and without issues, and there are no questions to be asked about
how things should be done. Safety, discrimination and administrative chores should be
crucial tasks which require training. This mostly includes administrative procedures and
ethics during execution of duty.

Reduction in learning time: Systematic training through trained instructors is essential to

reduce the training period. If the employees learn through trial and error, they will take a
longer time and even may not be able to learn right methods of doing work. Here training
takes care of all these things in a compact manner and reduces the time frame of self-learning
significantly.

Team spirit: Training and Development helps in instilling the sense of team work, team
spirit, and inter-team collaborations. It helps in inculcating the zeal to learn within the
employees.

Skills Development: Training and development helps in increasing the job knowledge and
skills of employees at each level. It helps to expand the horizons of human intellect and an
overall personality of the employees.

20
Optimum resource utilization: Training and Development significantly helps to provide an
opportunity and broad structure for the development of human resources' technical and
behavioural skills in an organization which ultimately results in optimum resource utilization,
moreover it also helps the employees in attaining personal growth.

In addition to above scenarios training and development leads to improved profitability and
more positive attitudes towards profit orientation, it also aids in organizational development
i.e. organization gets more effective decision making and problem solving. Training and
development helps in understanding and carrying out organizational policies thereby
developing leadership skills, motivation, loyalty, better attitudes, and other aspects that
successful employees and managers usually display. Training and development demonstrates
a commitment to keeping employees on the cutting edge of knowledge and practice.

ADVANTAGES OF TRAINING
Like every other thing training also have its own benefits and limitations.

The advantages or benefits of training are as follows:

• Training helps to get a practical exposure of all the things taught in the theory
sessions.
• Training also gives the opportunity to work Editors and proved as a catapult in
uplifting existing calibre there.
• Training provides required awareness, information, and knowledge about the subject
matter.
• Training situation ensures a forum, where the trainers and the trainees share the
subject related experiences, problems encountered, queries and respective solution.
• Training helps in attaining the professionalism for practical application of present
level of knowledge.

LIMITATIONS OF TRAINING
If training has some benefits then it has certain limitations also. These limitations are as
follows:
• A trainee, in the eyes of media organization is one who is totally unaware of the
practical knowledge and thus he/she is not given any project or assignment individually. He
is completely inexperienced so a media organization cannot afford to trust completely on an
intern. It, therefore, becomes difficult for an intern to get his own work telecast.
• The other limitation is that getting credit for your work is very difficult, if not
impossible, when under a senior, as today no one gives you a way of success so easily.
• As the work was desk work only so there was no flexibility of time and many times
the guides asked us to come on extra days too.
• While working in media organization of repute, it is expected to give your 100% to
your work with sincerity but no stipends are provided.

21
 If I am offered to join the same company in future I would like to make the working more
flexible. What I felt while working there was that the pressure has been put suddenly on a
group of some people. That burden needed to be removed by distributing the amount of
work to a more people. The work is deadline based but many times they are hurried to
present the proposals early. As the desks are also surrounded by other companies there is
a state of confusion while working so I would like to make that environment more easy
and comfortable. But working there is fun in its own sense.
Although some type of training for employees is essential for almost any business, employers
must consider the potential drawbacks or disadvantages that training employees can have on
the company, existing staff and bottom line. Companies can use a variety of ways to train
employees, such as on-the-job training or classroom training, but all of them present a few
problems for employers. Before you choose a training method, explore the disadvantages --
and a couple of advantages -- of training and development in human resource management.
One of the biggest potential problems with employee training is the cost of the process. If you
handle the training internally, it costs money because you have to pay one of your employees
for training instead of doing productive work. If you use an outside trainer, you have to pay
him for his time.
You could send your employees to a seminar or training conference in another location,
which also can represent a substantial cost for the company. If an employee is very talented at
her job, you might think that she would make a good trainer for new employees.
Unfortunately, this is not always the case. Being able to train employees is a special skill and
not everyone has this ability. When it comes to using an employee to train other employees,
you might move someone out of her comfort zone and she may be unable to train the new
employees as you need them to be trained. On the other hand, if she's not just a talented
worker, but also enthusiastic about the company and a great communicator, she may pass the
interview stage. For high-level positions, you're better off hiring a corporate trainer with a
bachelor or graduate degree.
When you delegate the training of new employees to a particular employee or trainer, you
have to be very careful with regard to what the new employees are learning. If the trainer
does not do the job as you want it to be done, your new employees might end up picking up
some bad habits along the way. This could make your entire business perform at a level that
is less than acceptable from your point of view, but the employees would not know it.
Using traditional training methods, such as manuals or videos may not be effective, if they're
dated, uninteresting or not engaging. Consider blending updated, online interactive training
models with inperson training to achieve better results, save time and cut costs.

SUMMARY

TRAINING helps students to get a practical experience of all the skills of journalism, editing,
Wordpress, and in having hand-on experience if maximum number of things. Training also

22
gives us the opportunity to work with industry professionals and to prove our calibre there. I
have learnt a lot during my training period.

• I learnt writing as a content writer. There are several points which have to be
keeping in mind while writing that I have to keep the article short and try to give the
maximum information by 5Ws1H rule.
• I learnt the tact of communicating with people when I was having
conversation with the client and the actors. I have also learnt that to be good in this
field you require certain basic qualifications or skills which are as follows:
• Have excellent writing skills, and awareness of the need for factual and legal
accuracy.
• Have good listening and questioning skills.
• Have a creative mind.
• Have a Technical knowledge.
• Have an enquiring mind with good observational skills.
• Be self-confident and have the ability to put people at ease.
• Have the ability to absorb information quickly.
• Be determined and persistent.
• Be able to work under pressure and tight deadlines.
• Be an enthusiastic team leader.

These skills are not mentioned in any book by any teacher in classroom. They are learnt
by working in this profession, by joining and working in a media house .one has to be well
rounded and mentally and emotionally developed person. A person should be one who can
handle himself/herself in any situation that might arise.
In my training period I found out some very different and really colourful definitions of what
it takes to be a journalist. But I believe that in order to become a good writer has to have
certain skills.
Like every other thing training also have its own benefits and limitations. Training helps to
get a practical exposure of all the things taught in the theory sessions and gives the
opportunity to work as Director and proved as a catapult in uplifting existing calibre there .If
training has some benefits then it has certain limitations also. A trainee, in the eyes of media
agency is one who is totally unaware of the practical knowledge and thus he is not given any
project or assignment individually. He/she is completely inexperienced so a media
organization cannot afford to trust completely on an intern. It, therefore, becomes difficult for
an intern to get his own work telecast. While working in media organization of repute, it is
expected to give your 100% to your work with sincerity but no stipends are provided.

After the end of the summer training internship, some of the objectives were achieved. The
purpose of the workshop was to put my theoretical knowledge to practical use so that I could
enhance my skills. The work was so organized that it offered me easy access to various
source of information, and at the same time, it offered me a work environment. This
environment enabled me to bring out my leadership qualities and work on my communication

23
skills. It made me even more bold and outgoing. It helped me a great deal in knowing about
the market conditions and where will I stand after receiving the degree. During the course of
my internship, I enhanced my communication skills, confidence, working skills, personality,
etc. and all the objectives of the workshop were fulfilled by my sincere effect and support of
my seniors and colleagues in this company.

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

If I am offered to join the same news portal in future I would like to make the working more
flexible. What I felt while working there was that the pressure has been put suddenly on a
group of some people. That burden needed to be removed by distributing the amount of work
to a more people not on a single one. The work is deadline based but many times they are
hurried to present the proposals early.. But working there is fun in its own sense.

24
25