1

MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS CLASS 12

EXERCISE 1
Q1. (i) If a matrix has 5 elements, write all possible orders it can have?

(ii) If a matrix has 8 elements, write all possible orders it can have?
𝑖
Q2. (i) For a 2 × 2 matrix, A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ], whose elements are given by by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = ,
𝑗
write the value of 𝑎12 .

(ii) Construct a 2 × 2 matrix, A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ], whose elements are given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 =

𝑖 + 2𝑗.

Q3. Construct a 2 × 2 matrix, A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ], whose elements are given by 𝑎𝑖𝑗 :

(𝑖+𝑗)2
(i) 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 2𝑖 − 𝑗 (ii) 𝑎𝑖𝑗= (iii) 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = |2𝑖 − 3𝑗|
2

Q4. Construct a 2 × 3 matrix B = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ], whose elements 𝑏𝑖𝑗 are given by:

(i) 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 𝑖 − 3𝑗 (ii) 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = (𝑖 + 2𝑗)2

𝑥+3 4 5 4
Q5. i. if [ ]=[ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦..
𝑦−4 𝑥+𝑦 3 9
𝑥 + 2𝑦 −𝑦 −4 3
ii. If [ ]=[ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦.
3𝑥 4 6 4
𝑥 + 3𝑦 𝑦 4 −1
iii. If [ ]=[ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦
7−𝑥 4 0 4
𝑥−𝑦 2 2 2
iv. Find the value of y, if [ ]=[ ].
𝑥 5 3 5
3𝑥 + 𝑦 −𝑦 1 2
v. find the value of x, if [ ]=[ ].
2𝑦 − 𝑥 3 −5 3
2𝑥 − 𝑦 5 6 5
vi. Find the value of x, if [ ]=[ ].
3 𝑦 3 −2

vii. Write the value of 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 from the following equation:

 2

𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 9
[ 𝑥 + 𝑧 ] = [5]
𝑦+𝑧 7
𝑎 −3 −2 𝑐
Q6. i. If [ ]=[ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑.
𝑏 7 4 3𝑐 + 4𝑑
𝑎+𝑏 2 3 2
ii. If [ ]=[ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏.
5 3𝑎 − 𝑏 5 5
Q7. Can you find the values of x and y so that the matrices
3𝑥 + 7 5 0 𝑦−2
[ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 [ ] may be equal?
𝑦 + 1 2 − 3𝑥 8 4
𝑎+𝑏 3 6 𝑑
Q8. If [ ]=[ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎, 𝑏 , 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑.
5+𝑐 𝑎𝑏 0 8
Q9. What is the number of all possible matrices of order 3 x 3 with all the entries
0 or 1?

Q10. Construct a 2 x 2 matrix, A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ], whose elements are given by

(𝑖+2𝑗)2 1
i. 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = ii. 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = |2𝑖 − 3𝑗|.
3 2

Q11. . Construct a 3 x 3 matrix, A = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ], whose elements are given by,

i. 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 𝑖 𝑥 𝑗 ii. 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 2𝑖 − 3𝑗

Q12. Construct a 3 x 2 matrix A, whose elements are given by,

1 (𝑖+2𝑗)2
i. 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = |𝑖 − 3𝑗| ii. 𝑎𝑖𝑗 =
2 2

𝑥−𝑦 𝑧 −1 4
Q13. If [2𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑤] = [ 0 ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤.
5
𝑥 3𝑥 − 𝑦 3 2
Q14. If [ ]=[ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑤.
2𝑥 + 𝑧 3𝑦 − 𝑤 4 7
Q15. Find the values of a ,b, c and d from the following equations:

2𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎 − 2𝑏 4 −3
i. [ ]=[ ]
5𝑐 − 𝑑 4𝑐 + 3𝑑 11 24
 3

𝑎−𝑏 2𝑎 + 𝑐 −1 5
ii.[ ]=[ ]
2𝑎 − 𝑏 3𝑐 + 𝑑 0 13
2𝑥 − 3𝑦 𝑎−𝑏 3 1 −2 3
Q16. Find x, y , a and b if [ ]= [ ]
1 𝑥 + 4𝑦 3𝑎 + 4𝑏 1 6 29
𝑥+3 𝑧+4 2𝑦 − 7 0 6 3𝑦 − 2
Q17. If [4𝑥 + 6 𝑎 − 1 0 ] = [ 2𝑥 −3 2𝑐 + 2 ] find the values of
𝑏−3 3𝑏 𝑧 + 2𝑐 2𝑏 + 4 −21 0
a, b, c , x ,y and z.

MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS

EXERCISE 2

2 4 1 3 −2 5
Q1. IF A=[ ],𝐵 = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 = [ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔
3 2 −2 5 3 4
i. A+B ii. 𝐴 − 𝐵 iii. 3𝐴 − 𝐶

Q2. Compute the following:

2
i. [
𝑎 𝑏
]+ [
𝑎 𝑏
] iv. [𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 ] +
−𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥
2 2 2 2
ii. [ 2𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑏 + 𝑐 ] + [ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 ]
𝑎 + 𝑐 2 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
2𝑎𝑏 2𝑏𝑐
[ ]
−2𝑎𝑐 −2𝑎𝑏
−1 4 −6 12 7 6
iii. [ 8 5 16 ] + [ 8 0 5]
2 8 5 3 2 4
1 5 0 −1
Q3. If A=[ ] and B=[ ], find 2A – 3𝐵.
−2 3 4 −7
−1 5 0 4
Q4. If B = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴 − 2𝐵 = [ ], find the matrix A.
0 3 −7 5
1 2 3 3 −1 3
Q5. If A=[ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [ ] , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 2𝐴 − 𝐵.
2 3 1 −1 0 2
Q6. If A = diagonal[1,-2,5] B=diagonal[3,0,-4] and C=diagonal[-2,7,0], then find
(i) 3A – 2B (ii) A+2B – 3C.
 4

2 −3 8 3𝑎
Q7. If A=[ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘𝐴 = [ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑘, 𝑎, 𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐.
5 0 −2𝑏 𝑐
2 −1 10
Q8. If 𝑥 [ ] + 𝑦 [ ] = [ ] find the value of x and y.
3 1 5
𝑥2 2𝑥 7
Q9. If [ 2 ] + 2 [3𝑦 ] = 3 [ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦.
𝑦 −3
1 3 𝑦 0 5 6
Q10. If 2 [ ]+[ ]=[ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦.
0 𝑥 1 2 1 8
1 2 −3 3 −1 2
Q11. If 𝐴 = [5 0 2 ] , 𝐵 = [4 2 5] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 =
1 −1 1 2 0 3
4 1 2
[0 3 2] , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑡𝑒 𝐴 + 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 − 𝐶. 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴 +
1 −2 3
(𝐵 − 𝐶 ) = (𝐴 + 𝐵 ) − 𝐶.

2⁄ 5⁄ 2⁄ 3⁄
3 1 3 5 5 1
Q12. If A= 1⁄3 2⁄3 4⁄ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = 1⁄ 2⁄ 4⁄ , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 3𝐴 − 5𝐵.
3 5 5 5
7 2⁄ 7⁄ 6⁄ 2⁄
[ ⁄3 2 3] [ 5 5 5]
𝑥 5 3 −4 7 6
Q13. If 2 [ ]+[ ]=[ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦.
7 𝑦−3 1 2 15 14
𝑥 𝑧 1 −1 3 5
Q14. i) Given 2 [𝑦 𝑡 ] + 3 [0 2 ] = 3 [4 6] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡.

𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 6 4 𝑎+𝑏
ii) If 3 [ ]=[ ]+[ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑.
𝑐 𝑑 −1 2𝑑 𝑐+𝑑 3
3 2 1 0
Q15. Find X if Y = [ ] and 2X + Y = [ ]
1 4 −3 2
5 2 3 6
Q16. Find X and Y, if X + Y = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 − 𝑌 = [ ]
0 9 0 −1
6 −6 0
Q17. Find matrices X and Y if 2𝑋 − 𝑌 = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋 + 2𝑌 =
−4 2 1
3 2 5
[ ]
−2 1 −7
 5

−1 11 −1 0 2 −1 2 3
Q18. If A=[ ],𝐵 = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 = [ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 i)A+B
5 0 3 4 1 2 1 0
ii)2B+3C iii) 3C – 4B.

1 2 −1 9 −1 4
Q19. I) find matrix A if [ ]+ 𝐴 = [ ].
0 4 9 −2 1 3
1 3 2 1
ii) If A = [2 1 ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [ 1 2] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝐶 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴+
3 −1 −1 0
𝐵 + 𝐶 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑧𝑒𝑟𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥
−1 2 3 −2
Q20. I) Find a matrix X such that 2A+B+X=O, where A=[ ] 𝐵=[ ]
3 4 1 5
ii). Find a matrix X such that 3A – 2B + X = O,
4 2 −2 1
where A=[ ],𝐵 = [ ]
1 3 3 2
9 1 1 5
Q21. If A = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [ ], find a matrix C such that 5A + 3B +2C is a
7 8 7 12
null matrix.
8 0 2 −2
Q22. If A= [4 −2] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [ 4 2 ], then find a matrix X such that
3 6 −5 1
2A + 3X = 5B.
1 1 1 3 5 7
Q23. If X – Y = [1 1 0] and X + Y = [−1 1 4] find X and Y.
1 0 0 11 8 0

MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS

EXERCISE 3
 6

𝑎 𝑏 2 5
Q1. Find the values of a and b for which the following hold:[ ][ ] = [ ]
−𝑎 2𝑏 −1 4
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0
Q2. If f(x) = [ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 0] , 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓 (𝑥 )𝑓 (𝑦) = 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑦).
0 0 1
Q3. If A =
𝛼
0 −𝑡𝑎𝑛
2
[ 𝛼 ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟 2, 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐼 + 𝐴 =
𝑡𝑎𝑛 0
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼
(𝐼 − 𝐴) [ ]
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
0 1
Q4. If A = [ ],prove by induction that (𝑎𝐼 + 𝑏𝐴)𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 𝐼 + 𝑛𝑎𝑛−1𝑏𝐴, where I
0 0
is the unity matrix of order 2 and n is a positive integer.
1
Q5. i) Write the order of the product matrix [2] [2 3 4]
3
2
ii). If A = [−1 2 −5] and B=[−1], write down the orders of AB and BA.
7
Q6. Compute the indicated product:

𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 −𝑏 2 −3
(i) [ ][ ] 3 −1 3
−𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 (iv) [ ] [1 0]
1 −2 1 2 3 −1 0 2
(ii) [ ][ ] 3 1
2 3 2 3 1
1
(iii) [2] [2 3 4]
3
1 0 0 1
Q7. If A = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [ ] find AB and BA.
0 −1 1 0
Q8. Give an example of two non-zero 2 X 2 matrices A and B such that AB = O.

Q9. Write the following as a single matrix:

 7

2 −1 5
(i) [1 −2 3] [0 2 4] − [2 −5 7]
7 5 0
2 2
3 2 5 7 −8
(ii) [ ] [2 −1] − [ ]
7 −4 0 5 9
3 5
3 −1
2 3 −1 5 −1 7
Q10. (i). if A = [ ] ,B = [ ] and C=[2 4 ] verify (A – B)C = AC –
5 6 0 0 1 2
1 0
BC.
1 −4 1
3 2 4 5 6
(ii). If A = [ ],B=[ ] and C= [−2 5 −3] verify that
1 0 0 1 2
3 6 5
(AB)C = A(BC).
2 −3 𝑥 1
Q11. Solve for x and y, given that [ ] [𝑦] = [ ]
1 1 3
𝑥 𝑦 1 3
Solve for x and y given that [3𝑦 𝑥 ] [2] = [5]
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼
Q12. If A = [ ], show that 𝐴2 = [ ].
−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 −𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛼
3 −5
Q13.(i). If A = [ ] , 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 − 14𝐼 = 𝑂
−4 2
1 2
(ii). If A = [ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴2 + 2𝐴 + 7𝐼.
4 1
3 −2
Q14. If A = [ ] , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑘 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 = 𝑘𝐴 − 2𝐼
4 −2
1 2
Q15. (i). if A = [ ] , 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓(𝐴) = 𝑂, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3.
2 1
3 1
(ii). If A = [ ] , 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑓 (𝐴) = 𝑂, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 7.
−1 2
−1 2
(iii). If A = [ ] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑓 (𝐴), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 3.
3 1
 8

1 3 2 1
Q16. Find x, if (i) [1 𝑥 1] [ 2 5 1] [2] = 𝑂
15 3 2 𝑥
1 2 0 0
(ii). [1 2 1] [2 0 1] [2] = 𝑂
1 0 2 𝑥
2 3
Q17. If A = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 7, 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 f(A) = O. use this to
−1 2
find 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴4.
3

0 0
Q18. If A = [ ] , 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝐴10.
−2 0
𝑛
Q19. If A = [
𝑎 1
] , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝑛 =[𝑎 𝑛𝑎𝑛−1] for all positive integers n.
0 𝑎 0 𝑎𝑛
𝑛−1
Q20. If A = [
1 1
] , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝑛 = [2𝑛−1 2𝑛−1], for all positive integers n.
1 1 2 2𝑛−1
1 −2
Q21. Find a 2 X 2 matrix B such that B[ ] = 6 𝐼3.
1 4
3 −4
Q22. If A = [ ], find matrix B such that BA = I.
−1 2
1 1 3 3 5
Q23. Find the matrix A such that [ ]𝐴 = [ ]
0 1 1 0 1
Q24. A trust fund has 30000 that must be invested in two different types of
bonds. The first bond pays 5% interest p.a., and the second bond pays 7% interest
p.a.. Using matrix algebra, determine how to divide 30000 among the two types
of bonds. If the trust fund obtain an annual total interest of (i) 1800
(ii) 2000.
 9

MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS

EXERCISE 4

Q1. Define a symmetric matrix and a skew –symmetric matrix.

5 −1
Q2. If A= [ ], determine whether A + 𝐴𝑇 is symmetric or skew- symmetric.
3 7
0 6 − 5𝑥
Q3. (i). if the matrix [ 2 ] is symmetric, find the value of x.
𝑥 𝑥+3
−2 𝑥−𝑦 5
(ii). If the matrix [ 1 0 4] is symmetric, find the value of x, y and z.
𝑥+𝑦 𝑧 7

Q4. If A is a square matrix, prove that 𝐴𝑇 𝐴 is symmetric.

Q5. If A,B are symmetric matrices and AB = BA, then show that AB is symmetric.

Q6. If A,B and AB are all symmetric matrices, then show that AB = BA..

Q7. If A,B are skew-symmetric matrices and AB = BA, then show that AB is
symmetric.

Q8. If A, B are skew-symmetric matrices of same order and AB is symmetric, then

show that AB = BA.

Q9. If A,B are square matrices of equal order B is symmetric, then show that
𝐴𝑇 𝐵𝐴 is also symmetric.

Q10. If A, B are square matrices of equal order and B is a skew- symmetric matrix,
then write whether the matrix 𝐴𝐵𝐴𝑇 is symmetric or skew-symmetric.

Q11. If a matrix is both symmetric and skew-symmetric, then show that it is a null
matrix.

5 −1 2 1
Q12. Let A = [ ] and B=[ ], verify that
6 7 3 4
(i). (𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = 𝐴 (iii). (𝐴 − 𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 − 𝐵 𝑇

(ii). (3𝐴)𝑇 = 3𝐴𝑇 (iv). (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 = 𝐵 𝑇 𝐴𝑇

 10

2 1 −1
Q13. Find the integral value of x if [𝑥 4 −1] [1 0 0 ] [𝑥 4 −1]𝑇 = 𝑂
2 2 4
1 −1 5
Q14. (i). Show that the matrix A, where A = [−1 2 1], is a symmetric matrix.
5 1 3
0 1 −1
(ii). Show that the matrix, A = [−1 0 1 ], is a skew- symmetric matrix.
1 −1 0
2 4
Q15. Define a symmetric matrix. Prove that for A = [ ], A + 𝐴𝑇 is a symmetric
5 6
matrix.
1
Q16. Let A be a square matrix, prove that (𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 ) is a symmetric matrix and
2
1
(𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 ) is a skew symmetric matrix.
2

Q17. If A and B are symmetric matrices of the same order, prove that AB is
symmetric if and only if A and B commute.

Q18. If A is a square matrix and P is any square matrix of order equal to that of A,
prove that 𝑃𝑇 𝐴𝑃 is symmetric or skew symmetric according as A is symmetric or
skew symmetric.

Q19. If A and B are symmetric matrices of the same order, prove that AB + BA is
symmetric and AB – BA is skew- symmetric.

Q20. Express each of the following matrices as sum of a symmetric and a skew
symmetric matrices:

3 5 3 2 5
(i).[ ]
1 −1 (iii). [4 1 3]
0 6 7
3 −4
(ii). [ ]
1 −1 1 3 5
(iv). [−6 8 3]
−4 6 3
 11

MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS

EXERCISE 5

QUES. Find the inverse of the following matrices if they exist, by using elementary
operations:
2 3 1 2 3
1. [ ]
5 7 8. [ 2 5 7]
1 3 −2 −4 −5
2. [ ]
2 7 2 −1 4
3 10 9. [4 0 2]
3. [ ]
2 7 3 −2 7
1 −1
4. [ ]
2 3
3 −1
5. [ ]
−4 2
10 −2
6. [ ]
−5 1
3 0 −1
7. [2 3 0 ]
0 4 1

MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS

EXERCISE 6

Q1. Evaluate the following determinants:

−3 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠15° 𝑠𝑖𝑛15°
(i) | | (ii)| | (iii)| |
5 6 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛75° 𝑐𝑜𝑠75°
𝑥−2 −3
Q2. If | | = 3, find the integral value of x.
3𝑥 2𝑥
Q3. What positive value of x makes the following pair of determinants equal?

2𝑥 3 16 3
| |,| |
5 𝑥 5 2
𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Q4. Show that the value of the determinant |−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 −𝑎 1 | is independent of x.
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1 𝑎
 12

2 −3 5
Q5. Find the cofactors of the elements of the third row of the determinant |6 0 4 | and
1 5 −7
verify that 𝑎11 𝐴31 + 𝑎12 𝐴32 + 𝑎13 𝐴33 = 0.

2𝑥 + 5 3 𝑥 4 𝑥+2 3
Q6. Find the value of x if (𝑖) | | = 0 (𝑖𝑖) | | = 4 (𝑖𝑖𝑖 ) | |=3
5𝑥 + 2 9 2 2𝑥 𝑥+5 4
2𝑥 4 2 4 ( ) 𝑥 3 2 3
Q7. Find the value of x if (𝑖) | |=| | 𝑖𝑖 | |=| |
6 𝑥 5 1 2𝑥 5 4 5
𝑥 3 4 −3
Q8.(i) If 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 | |=| |, find the value of x.
4 𝑥 0 1
𝑥 𝑥 3 4
(ii). If | |=| |, write the positive value of x.
1 𝑥 1 2
2𝑥 3 3 1
Q9. If 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 | |=| |, find the values of x.
−1 𝑥 𝑥 3
1 2
Q10. If A = [ ], then show that |2𝐴| = 4|𝐴|
4 2
1 0 1
Q11. If A=[0 1 2], then show that |3𝐴| = 27|𝐴|
0 0 4
𝑥2 𝑥 1
Q12. Find the integral value(s) of x if | 0 2 1| = 28
3 1 4
5 3 8
Q13. Using cofactors of elements of second row, evaluate ∆= |2 0 1|
1 2 3

MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS

PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS
EXERCISE-7

Q1. Without expanding, evaluate

49 1 6 1 𝑎 𝑏+𝑐 2 3 4
(𝑖) |39 7 4| (𝑖𝑖 ) |1 𝑏 𝑐 + 𝑎 | (𝑖𝑖𝑖) | 5 6 8 |
26 2 3 1 𝑐 𝑎+𝑏 6𝑥 9𝑥 12𝑥
 13

𝑎−𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 𝑐−𝑎 0 𝑎 −𝑏

Q2. (i) find the value of | 𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐−𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑏| (ii) show |−𝑎 0 −𝑐 | = 0
𝑐−𝑎 𝑎−𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 𝑏 𝑐 0
Q3. Without expanding, show that

𝑏2 𝑐 2 𝑏𝑐 𝑏+𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 − 𝑏𝑐
(i) | 𝑐 2 𝑎2 𝑐𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑎| = 0 (𝑖𝑖) |1 𝑏 𝑏2 − 𝑐𝑎 | = 0
𝑎2 𝑏 2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎+𝑏 1 𝑐 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏
𝑥+1 𝑥+2 𝑥+𝑎
Q4. If a, b, c are in A.P., prove that |𝑥 + 2 𝑥+3 𝑥 + 𝑏| = 0
𝑥+3 𝑥+4 𝑥+𝑐
0 𝑏2 𝑎 𝑐 2𝑎
Q5. Using properties, evaluate |𝑎2 𝑏 0 𝑐 2 𝑏|
𝑎2 𝑐 𝑏2 𝑐 0
Q6. If A and B are square matrices of order 3 such that |𝐴| = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝐵| = 3, then find the
value of |3𝐴𝐵|.
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥 𝑥
Q7. Prove that (i) | 5𝑥 + 4𝑦 4𝑥 2𝑥 | = 𝑥 3
10𝑥 + 8𝑦 8𝑥 3𝑥
𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
(ii)|2𝑎 3𝑎 + 2𝑏 4𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 2𝑐 | = 𝑎3
3𝑎 6𝑎 + 3𝑏 10𝑎 + 6𝑏 + 3𝑐
𝑥+𝑦 𝑦+𝑧 𝑧+𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
(ii) |𝑦 + 𝑧 𝑧+𝑥 𝑥 + 𝑦| = 2 |𝑦 𝑧 𝑥|
𝑧+𝑥 𝑥+𝑦 𝑦+𝑧 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦

𝑎−𝑏−𝑐 2𝑎 2𝑎
Q8. Prove that | 2𝑏 𝑏−𝑐−𝑎 2𝑏 | = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)3
2𝑐 2𝑐 𝑐−𝑎−𝑏
Q9. Using properties prove,

𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎+𝑏

|𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑏 + 𝑐 | = 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 )(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 − 𝑎2 − 𝑏2 − 𝑐 2)
𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
Q10. Show that |𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑎 | = 𝑎3 + 𝑏3 + 𝑐 3 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎+𝑏
 14

Q11. Using properties solve for x:

𝑎+𝑥 𝑎−𝑥 𝑎−𝑥 𝑥 − 2 2𝑥 − 3 3𝑥 − 4
(i) |𝑎 − 𝑥 𝑎+𝑥 𝑎 − 𝑥| = 0 (𝑖𝑖) |𝑥 − 4 2𝑥 − 9 3𝑥 − 16| = 0
𝑎−𝑥 𝑎−𝑥 𝑎+𝑥 𝑥 − 8 2𝑥 − 27 3𝑥 − 64
𝑦+𝑧 𝑧 𝑦
Q12. Using properties prove: (i) | 𝑧 𝑧+𝑥 𝑥 | = 4𝑥𝑦𝑧
𝑦 𝑥 𝑥+𝑦
1 1+𝑝 1+𝑝+𝑞
Q13. Using properties prove |2 3 + 2𝑝 1 + 3𝑝 + 2𝑞| = 1
3 6 + 3𝑝 1 + 6𝑝 + 3𝑞
1 1 1
Q14. Using properties prove: | 𝛼 𝛽 𝛾 | = (𝛼 − 𝛽 )(𝛽 − 𝛾(𝛾 − 𝛼)
𝛽𝛾 𝛾𝛼 𝛼𝛽

1 𝑥 𝑥2
Q15. Using properties prove: |1 𝑦 𝑦 2 | = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥)
1 𝑧 𝑧2
1 𝑎 𝑎3
Q16. Prove that |1 𝑏 𝑏3 | = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐 )(𝑐 − 𝑎)(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)
1 𝑐 𝑐3
𝑥 𝑥2 𝑦𝑧
Q17. Using properties prove:|𝑦 𝑦2 𝑧𝑥 | = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥 )(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥)
𝑧 𝑧2 𝑥𝑦

𝑥 𝑥2 1 + 𝑝𝑥 3
Q18. Using properties prove: |𝑦 𝑦2 1 + 𝑝𝑦 3 | = (1 + 𝑝𝑥𝑦𝑧)(𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥)
𝑧 𝑧2 1 + 𝑝𝑧 3

𝑥 𝑥2 1 + 𝑥3
Q19. If x, y, z are all different and |𝑦 𝑦2 1 + 𝑦 3 | = 0, show that xyz = −1.
𝑧 𝑧2 1 + 𝑧3
1 𝑏+𝑐 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2
Q20. Prove that |1 𝑐+𝑎 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2 | = (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐 )(𝑐 − 𝑎)
1 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
 15

𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦
Q21. Prove that | 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 | = (𝑏2 − 𝑎𝑐 )(𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑏𝑥𝑦 + 𝑐𝑦 2 )
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐𝑦 0
1+𝑥 1 1
Q22. Prove that (using properties) | 1 1+𝑦 1 | = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥
1 1 1+𝑧
𝑎2 + 1 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
Q23. Using properties prove | 𝑏𝑎 2
𝑏 +1 𝑏𝑐 | = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 + 1
𝑐𝑎 𝑐𝑏 𝑐2 + 1
(𝑏 + 𝑐)2 𝑎2 𝑎2
Q24. Prove that: (i)| 𝑏2 (𝑐 + 𝑎)2 𝑏2 | = 2𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)3
𝑐2 𝑐2 (𝑎 + 𝑏)2

(ii)
(𝑏 + 𝑐)2 𝑎𝑏 𝑐𝑎
| 𝑎𝑏 (𝑐 + 𝑎)2 𝑏𝑐 | = 2𝑎𝑏𝑐(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)3
𝑐𝑎 𝑏𝑐 (𝑎 + 𝑏)2

−𝑏𝑐 𝑏2 + 𝑏𝑐 𝑐 2 + 𝑏𝑐
Q25. Prove that | 𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑐 −𝑎𝑐 𝑐 2 + 𝑎𝑐 | = (𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎)3
𝑎2 + 𝑎𝑏 2
𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 −𝑎𝑏
𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
Q26. Show that | 𝑏𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑎2
2
𝑏𝑐 | = 4𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐 2
𝑐𝑎 𝑐𝑏 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑎 𝑏−𝑐 𝑐+𝑏
Q27. Show that | 𝑎 + 𝑐 𝑏 𝑐 − 𝑎| = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 )(𝑎2 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2)
𝑎−𝑏 𝑏+𝑎 𝑐
EXERCISE 7.1

Q1. Show that |𝐴| = |𝐵|

1 −3 2 1 2 0
Where 𝐴 = [2 3 −1] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [−3 3 5]
0 5 −4 2 −1 −4
𝑎+𝑏 2𝑎 + 𝑏 3𝑎 + 𝑏
Q2. Without expanding, find the value of |2𝑎 + 𝑏 3𝑎 + 𝑏 4𝑎 + 𝑏|
4𝑎 + 𝑏 5𝑎 + 𝑏 6𝑎 + 𝑏
 16

Q3. Without expanding, find the value of:

102 18 36 1 3 5
i. | 1 3 4| iii. |7 9 11|
17 3 6 13 15 17
2 7 65 1 2 4
ii. |3 8 75| iv. |8 16 32 |
5 9 86 64 128 256
Q4. Without expanding find the values of:
𝑥+𝑦 𝑦+𝑧 𝑧+𝑥 𝑥 𝑎 𝑥+𝑎
i. | 2 2 2 | iii. |𝑦 𝑏 𝑦 + 𝑏|
𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑐 𝑧+𝑐
43 1 6 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
ii. |35 7 4| iv. |𝑎 + 2𝑥 𝑏 + 2𝑦 𝑐 + 2𝑧|
17 3 2 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧

Q5. Without expanding find the values of:

𝑎−𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 𝑐−𝑎 1 𝑏𝑐 𝑎(𝑏 + 𝑐)

i. |𝑏 − 𝑐 𝑐 − 𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑏| iii. |1 𝑐𝑎 𝑏(𝑐 + 𝑎)|
𝑐−𝑎 𝑎−𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 1 𝑎𝑏 𝑐(𝑎 + 𝑏)
𝑎−𝑏 𝑏−𝑐 𝑐−𝑎
ii. |𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑦 − 𝑧 𝑧 − 𝑥| 1 𝑏𝑐 𝑏𝑐(𝑏 + 𝑐)
𝑝−𝑞 𝑞 − 𝑟 𝑟 − 𝑝 iv. |1 𝑐𝑎 𝑐𝑎(𝑐 + 𝑎) |
1 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑏(𝑎 + 𝑏)

Q6. Without expanding find the values of :

1
1 𝑏𝑐 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎−𝑥 )2 (𝑎𝑥 − 𝑎−𝑥 )2 1
𝑎
|1 iv. |(𝑎𝑦 + 𝑎−𝑦 )2 (𝑎𝑦 − 𝑎−𝑦 )2 1|
i. |𝑏 1 𝑐𝑎 ||
(𝑎 𝑧 + 𝑎−𝑧 )2 (𝑎 𝑧 − 𝑎−𝑧 )2 1
1
1 𝑎𝑏
𝑐
1 1
1 𝑎𝑏 +
𝑎 𝑏
|1 1 1|
ii. | 𝑏𝑐 + |
𝑏 𝑐
1 1
1 𝑐𝑎 +
𝑐 𝑎
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 cos(𝛼 + 𝛿)
iii. |𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 cos(𝛽 + 𝛿)|
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛾 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛾 cos(𝛾 + 𝛿)
 17

Q7.

i. If A is a square matrix of order 2 and |𝐴| = −5 find the value of |3𝐴|.

ii. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and |𝐴| = 5, find the value of |3𝐴|.
iii. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and |𝐴| = −2 , find the value of |−5𝐴|.
iv. If A is a matrix of order 3 X 3 and its determinant is 4, then find |3𝐴|.

4 3 −1 1
Q8. If A = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [ ], then find the value of |𝐴𝐵|.
2 5 3 6
𝑥+4 2 𝑥 2𝑥 − 1
Q9. (i). if A = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = [ ] and |𝐴𝐵| = 12,fid the value(s)
3 1 2 5
of x.

𝑥 2
(ii). If A = [ ] and |𝐴3| = 125, find the value(s) of x.
2 𝑥
𝑎1 𝑏11
Q10. If A = | | and 𝐴1, 𝐴2, 𝐵1 , 𝐵2 denote the cofactors of the corresponding
𝑎2 𝑏2
elements 𝑎1, 𝑎2 , 𝑏1 , 𝑏2 of A respectively, then write the value of

i. 𝑎1 𝐴1 + 𝑏1 𝐵1 iii. 𝑎1 𝐴2 + 𝑏1𝐵2
ii. 𝑎1 𝐴1 + 𝑎2 𝐴2 iv. 𝑎1 𝐵1 + 𝑎2 𝐵2
Q11. If |𝐴| = |𝑎𝑖𝑗 | is a 3X3 determinant and 𝐴𝑖𝑗 ′𝑠 denote the cofactors of the
corresponding elements 𝑎𝑖𝑗 ′𝑠, then write the value of

i. 𝑎11 𝐴11 + 𝑎12𝐴12 + 𝑎13 𝐴13 iii. 𝑎21 𝐴21 +𝑎22 𝐴12 + 𝑎23 𝐴13
ii. 𝑎12 𝐴12 + 𝑎22 𝐴22 + 𝑎32 𝐴32 iv. 𝑎11 𝐴13 + 𝑎21 𝐴23 + 𝑎31 𝐴33
Q12. Using properties of determinants, solve the equation for x:
𝑥+𝑎 𝑥 𝑥
| 𝑥 𝑥+𝑎 𝑥 |=0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥+𝑎
𝑥+𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
Q13. Show that one root of the equation | 𝑏 𝑥+𝑐 𝑎 | = 0 𝑖𝑠 − (𝑎 +
𝑐 𝑎 𝑥+𝑏
𝑏 + 𝑐).
 18

1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1
Q14. If x is a real number, then show that |−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 | lies between 2
−1 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1
and 4(both inclusive).

Q15. Evaluate the following determinants:

1 3 9 12 22 32
(i) |3 9 1| (ii)|22 32 42 |
9 1 3 32 42 52
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑦 𝑏 𝑞
Q16. (i). without expanding, prove that|𝑥 𝑦 𝑧| = |𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 | = |𝑥 𝑎 𝑝|
𝑝 𝑞 𝑟 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑧 𝑐 𝑟
𝑎 𝑎2 𝑏𝑐 1 𝑎2 𝑎3
(ii). Without expanding, prove that |𝑏 𝑏2 𝑐𝑎 | = |1 𝑏2 𝑏3 |
𝑐 𝑐2 𝑎𝑏 1 𝑏2 𝑐3
1 1
(iii). Without expanding, show that (1 + + +
𝑎 𝑏
1+𝑎 1 1
1
) 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑓𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 | 1 1+𝑏 1 |
𝑐
1 1 1+𝑐
Q17. Use properties of determinants to solve for x:

𝑥+𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(i) | 𝑐 𝑥+𝑏 𝑎 |=0 (ii)
𝑎 𝑏 𝑥+𝑐
3−𝑥 −1 1
| −1 5−𝑥 −1 | = 0
1 −1 3−𝑥
𝑠+𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
Q18. (i). If s = a+b+c, then prove that | 𝑐 𝑠+𝑎 𝑏 | = 2𝑠 3
𝑐 𝑎 𝑠+𝑏
(ii). If a, b and c are in A.P. then find the value of
2𝑦 + 4 5𝑦 + 7 8𝑦 + 𝑎
|3𝑦 + 5 6𝑦 + 8 9𝑦 + 𝑏 |
4𝑦 + 6 7𝑦 + 9 10𝑦 + 𝑐
 19

𝑥−3 𝑥−4 𝑥−𝛼

(iii). Using properties prove |𝑥 − 2 𝑥−3 𝑥 − 𝛽| =
𝑥−1 𝑥−2 𝑥−𝛾
0, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝛼, 𝛽 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛾 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐴. 𝑃.
𝑥+2 𝑥+3 𝑥 + 2𝑎
(iv). If a, b and c are in A.P then find the value of |𝑥 + 3 𝑥+4 𝑥 + 2𝑏|
𝑥+4 𝑥+5 𝑥 + 2𝑐
𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
Q19. (i). using properties , prove that | 𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑏| = 2 |𝑏 𝑐 𝑎|
𝑐+𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(ii). Prove that |𝑞 + 𝑟 𝑟+𝑝 𝑝 + 𝑞 | = 2 |𝑝 𝑞 𝑟|
𝑦+𝑧 𝑧+𝑥 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧

Using properties of determinants, prove the following identities(q 20 to q 40):

Q20. (i).
1+𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑦+𝑘 𝑦 𝑦
| 𝑎 1+𝑏 𝑐 | =1+𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 (iii). | 𝑦 𝑦+𝑘 𝑦 | = 𝑘 2 (3𝑦 + 𝑘)
𝑎 𝑏 1+𝑐 𝑦 𝑦 𝑦+𝑘
𝑎+𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥+4 2𝑥 2𝑥
(ii). | 𝑥 𝑎+𝑦 𝑧 | = 𝑎2 (𝑎 + 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧) (iv). | 2𝑥 𝑥+4 2𝑥 | = (5𝑥 + 4)(4 − 𝑥)2
𝑥 𝑦 𝑎+𝑧 2𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥+4

𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑛𝑐 𝑛𝑎 − 𝑎 𝑛𝑏 − 𝑏
Q21. | 𝑛𝑐 − 𝑐 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑏 − 𝑏 | = 𝑛 (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)3
𝑛𝑐 − 𝑐 𝑛𝑎 − 𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑎 + 𝑛𝑏
1 𝑥 𝑦𝑧 1 𝑥 𝑥2
Q22. (i) |1 𝑦 𝑧𝑥 | = |1 𝑦 𝑦 2 | = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥)
1 𝑧 𝑥𝑦 1 𝑧 𝑧2
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
2
(ii)|𝑥 𝑦2 𝑧 2| = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥 )
𝑥3 𝑦3 𝑧3

1 1 1
2
(𝑖𝑖𝑖) |𝑥 𝑦2 𝑧 2| = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑦 − 𝑧)(𝑧 − 𝑥 )(𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑧𝑥)
𝑥3 𝑦3 𝑧3
 20

1+𝑎 1 1
1 1 1
Q23. (i) | 1 1+𝑏 1 | = 𝑎𝑏𝑐 (1 + 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 )
1 1 1+𝑐

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
(𝑖𝑖) | 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐 2 | = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 )(𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑏 − 𝑐 )(𝑐 − 𝑎)
𝑏+𝑐 𝑐+𝑎 𝑎+𝑏
𝑎2 + 1 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
(iii)| 𝑎𝑏 2
𝑏 +1 𝑏𝑐 | = 1 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑎2
𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑐2 + 1
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 2𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
Q24. (i) | 𝑐 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2𝑎 𝑏 | = 2(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)3
𝑐 𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑎 + 2𝑏
1 + 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 2𝑎𝑏 −2𝑏
(ii) | 2𝑎𝑏 1 − 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 2𝑎 | = (1 + 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 )3
2𝑏 −2𝑎 1 − 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
1 𝑥 𝑥2
Q25. (i) |𝑥 2 1 𝑥 | = (1 − 𝑥 3 )2
𝑥 𝑥2 1
𝑦+𝑧 𝑥+𝑦 𝑥
(ii)| 𝑧 + 𝑥 𝑦+𝑧 𝑦| = 𝑥 3 + 𝑦 3 + 𝑧 3 − 3𝑥𝑦𝑧
𝑥+𝑦 𝑧+𝑥 𝑧

Q26. Using properties of determinants solve the following equations for x:

3𝑥 − 8 3 3 𝑥 −6 −1
I. | 3 3𝑥 − 8 3 |= III. | 2 −3𝑥 𝑥 − 3| = 0
3 3 3𝑥 − 8 −3 2𝑥 𝑥 + 2
0 15 − 2𝑥 11 10
𝑥+1 3 5 IV. |11 − 3𝑥 17 16| = 0
II. | 2 𝑥+2 5 |=0 7−𝑥 14 13
2 3 𝑥+4
 21

EXERCISE 8
Q1. Using determinants, find the area of the triangle whose vertices are

(i)(3,8) , (-4,2), (5,1) (ii) (2,7), (1,1), (10,8)

Q2. Show that the points (1,0), (6,0), (0,0) are collinear.

Q3. Using determinants , determine whether the points P(a,b+c), Q(b,c+a) and
R(c,a+b) form a triangle or not.

Q4. Using determinants, find the value of 𝜆 so that the points (𝜆, 7), (1,-5) and (-
4,5) are collinear.

Q5. Using determinants, find the equation of the line passing through the points (-
1,3) and (0,2).

Q6. Using determinants, find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (1,4),
(2,3) and (-5,-3). Are the given points collinear?

Q7. Find the value(s) of k if the area of the triangle with vertices (k,o), (4,0) and
(0,2) is 4 sq. units.

Q8. Find the value(s) of x if the area of the triangle with vertices (x,4), (2, - 6) and
(5,4) is 35 sq. units.

Q9. Using determinants, show that following points are collinear:

(i) (1, -1), (2,1), (4,5) (ii) (11,7), (5,5) and ( -1,3)

Q10. If the points (a,0), (0,b) and (1,1) are collinear, prove that a+b = ab.

Q11. If the points (𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑎′ , 𝑏′ )𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑎 − 𝑎′ , 𝑏 − 𝑏 ′ ) are collinear, prove that
𝑎𝑏′ = 𝑎′ 𝑏
 22

EXERCISE 9
5−𝑥 𝑥+1
Q1. (i) if the matrix [ ] is singular, find x.
2 4
3 − 2𝑥 𝑥 + 1
(ii) For what value of x, is the following matrix singular?[ ]
2 4
2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 3
(iii) 𝐼𝑓 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋 and the matrix [ ] is singular, find the values
1 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
of x.
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1
(iv) If 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋 and the matrix [ ] is singular, find the values
3 4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
of x.

Q2. Which of the following matrices are non-singular?

6 −3 2 1 −3 2
I. [ 2 −1 2] II. [4 −1 2]
−10 5 2 3 5 2

Q3. Write the adjoint of the matrices:

2 −1 𝑎 𝑏
I. [ ] II. [ ]
4 3 𝑐 𝑑

2 𝑘
Q4. (i) For what value of k, the matrix [ ] has no inverse?
3 5
2 5
(ii) Write 𝐴−1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐴 = [ ].
1 3
3 −1
(iii) Write the inverse of the matrix [ ]
1 2
Q5. (i) if A is invertible matrix of order 3 and |A| =5, then find | adj A |.

(ii) If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that | adj A | = 64, find | A |.

Q6. Without computing adj A, find |adjA| if

 23

1 3 −2 0 0 2 −1 −2
(i)[ ]
−1 4 (ii)[ 3 4 0] (iii)[0 2 −1]
10 −7 3 3 −5 0
Q7.
2 1 3 −1
(i) if A = [ ], find |A adjA| (iii) If A=[ ], find adj(adjA).
7 5 4 5
𝑎 0 0
(ii)If A= [0 𝑎 0], find |A adjA|
0 0 𝑎
1
Q8. If A is non-singular matrix, then show that |𝐴−1| = | |.
𝐴

Q9. (i) if A is a matrix such that 𝐴3 = 𝐼,then show that A is invertible.

(ii)If A is a matrix such that 𝐴4 = 𝐼, then show that 𝐴−1 = 𝐴3.

Q10. If A, B and C are all non-zero square matrices of the same order, then find
the condition on AB = AC ⟹ B = C.

Q11. If A is a skew-symmetric matrix of order 3, then show |𝐴| = 0

𝑥+4 𝑥 𝑥
Q12. If the matrix [ 𝑥 𝑥+4 𝑥 ] is singular, find x.
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥+4
𝑥+1 −3 4
Q13. Determine the value of x for which the matrix [ −5 𝑥+2 2 ] is
4 1 𝑥−6
singular.
3 1 2
Q14. if A= [2 −3 −1], find A(adjA) without calculating adjA.
1 2 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 0
Q15. For the matrix 𝐴 = [ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 0], verify that A(adjA) = |𝐴|𝐼3
0 0 1
2 −3
Q16. Given 𝐴 = [ ], compute 𝐴−1and show that 2𝐴−1 = 9𝐼 − 𝐴
−4 7
 24

2 3
Q17. (i) if A = [ ] , 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 − 4𝐴 + 𝐼 = 𝑂. Hence find 𝐴−1.
1 2
3 −2
(ii). If 𝐴 = [ ] , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝜆 𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴2 = 𝜆𝐴 − 2𝐼.
4 −2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 0 −1
Q18. If F(x)=[ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 0] , 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 (𝐹 (𝑥 )) = 𝐹 (−𝑥 ).
0 0 1
1 −2 6 0
Q19. Find a 2 X 2 matrix B such that 𝐵 [ ]= [ ]
1 4 0 6
5 4 1 −2
Q20. Find A such that [ ]𝐴 = [ ].
1 1 1 3
5 3 14 7
Q21. Find the matrix A such that 𝐴 [ ]=[ ].
−1 −2 7 7
1 2 4 7 1 0
Q22. Find the matrix A satisfying [ ]𝐴[ ]=[ ].
2 3 3 5 0 1
2 1 −3 2 1 2
Q23. Find the matrix P such that [ ]𝑃[ ]=[ ].
3 2 5 −3 2 −1

Exercise 10
Q1. Using matrices, solve the following system of equations:

4x+3y+2z =60,x+2y+3z=45,6x+2y+3z=70

Q2. The sum of three numbers is -1 . if we multiply the second number by 2,

third number by 3 and add them we get 5. If we subtract the third number from
the sum of first and second numbers, we get -1. Represent it by a system of
equations. Find the numbers using matrix method.

Q3. Solve the following system of equations using matrices:

2 3 10 4 6 5 6 9 20
+ + = 4, − + = 1, + − = 2; 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 ≠ 0
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
 25

4 2 3
−1
Q4. Find 𝐴 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 = [1 1 1 ] ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠:
3 1 −2
4x + 2y + 3z = 2, x + y + z = 1, 3x + y – 2z =5.

1 −1 0 2 2 −4
Q5. If A = [2 3 4] and B=[−4 2 −4], find AB. Hence solve the system of
0 1 2 2 −1 5
equations:

X – y = 3, 2x + 3y + 4z = 17, y +2z = 7.
1 −1 2 −2 0 1
Q6. Use the product [0 2 −3] [ 9 2 −3] to solve the system of
3 −2 4 6 1 −2
equations;

𝑥 − 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 1, 2𝑦 − 3𝑧 = 1, 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 2.

1 −1 1
Q7. If A = [2 1 −3] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1 and use it to solve the system of equations
1 1 1
𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4, −𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 0, 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2.
1 1 1
Q8. If A =[1 2 −3] , 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝐴−1 and use it to solve the system of equations
2 −1 3
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 0, 𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 𝑧 = 9, 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 3𝑧 = −14

Q9. Two schools P and Q want to award their selected students on the values of
Discipline, Politeness and Punctuality. The school P wants to award rupees x each,
rupees y each and rupees z each for the three respective values to its 3, 2 and 1
students with a total award money of rupees 1,000. School Q wants to spend
rupees 1500 to award its 4, 1 and 3 students on the respective values( by giving
the the same award for the three values as before). If the total amount of awards
for one prize on each value is rupees 600, using matrices, find the award money
for each value.