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LATIIIAN UTBK 1

TEXT 1

Robert Moog was an American inventor who developed the Moog Synthesizer. It was one of the
first synthesizers to gain widespread use as a musical instrument. Moog's synthesizers were an important
pa Line of musical innovation in mck afr jaz- music in the 1960s and 1970s. Robert Arthur Moog was
bom in Queens, a borough of New York City 75 years ago. He became fascfuated with electronics as a
teenaget particularly an early electronic music instrument called the therem'in Moog studied physic and
electrical engineering at Queens College and Columbia University, both in New York City and later
received a Ph.D. in engineering physic Comel University in Ithaca, New York. In 1954, while still an
undergraduate studen! Moog formed his oum comprany to sell theremins and therernin kits.
Soon after, Moog began working on a keyboard ir:strument that could replicate the sound ofany
mtsical instrument electronically. Working with American conrposer Herbert Deutscb, Moog introduced
the prototype Moog Synthesizer at a convention in 1964. The device represented a sigrificant advance over
previous electronic synthesizer because ofits use ofnew semiconductor t€chnology, which made smaller
!!
and corsiderably cheaper than earlier machines. The Moog, as it was knowq was soon in demand by
musician all over the world.
In 1964, Moog began a collaboration with American composer and organist Walter Carlos (now
Wendy Carlos), who released the bestselling electronic music album Switched-On Bach in 1968. Rock
thrc Beatles ard, Yes ad jazz musicians such as Herbie Ilancock and Chick Corea began
S5mthesizer into ttreir recordings, a trend that increased when the coryany introduced
the
soundtrack to the movie A

1. The word "prominentll' in

2. The passage describes theremin as a/an ...

(A) prototype of Moog Synthesizer

(B) imtial electronic music instrurnent
(C) musical irstrument to replicate the sound
(D) imtrument of electronic tool
(E) popular music ir:strument

3. The pronoun "it" p aragraphZ refers to...

(.{) electromc smthesizer

(B ) a kel board ilstrument
rC I prolotlpe of\foog Slnrhesizer
D t ne,i semrionductor technolog_,-
E : ::.':l:':e tr-,ols

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4. According to the passage, all of the following are true about The Moog, EXCEPT...

(A) it was invented by Robert Moog

(B) it was first introduced in 1964
(C) it initiated new technology which was smaller and cheaper than previous
(D) it was the first synthesizer in the world
(E) it was discovered by the scientists

5. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses...

(A) collaboration between The Moog and other musicians

(B) the description of compact and poriable Mini Moog
(C) the iryrovement of Moog Slmthesizer
(D) trend in the music industry about synthesizer
(E) the soundtrack of the movie in Holllvood

6. The main idea of paragraph three is ...

(A) the Moog's collaboration in music field

(B) the Moog in the movie soundtrack
(C) the introduction of Minimoog
@) the collaboration of The Moog with music groups
@) the iffioduction of the pop music

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Throughout history. people bave been the victim of pickpockets. Today. pick pockgling is the one
of the mosi rapidly increasing critGs. piclqiockus-#e fiicreasing rnininber and developiripl betii:r inethods
to Line practice their skill. Approximately one milton Americans lose money to pickpockets every year,
and none is really safe from a skilled Pickpockets. His victims, or 'marks' as they are called, can be rich or
poor, young or old. During the eighteenth century, pickpockets were hanged in England, large crowds of
people would gather watch the hanging, which was supposed to be a waming to other pickpockets.
However, in time the practice was discontinued. The reason: while people were attentively watching the
hanging of a pickpockets, other pickpockets skillfully stole the money of spectators.
Police offlcial say that the most efEcient pickpockets come from South America. Many of these
expert pickpockets are trained in special school called 'Jingle Bell Schools'. A pickpocket's graduate from
J. B. S when he is able to steal a wallet from a dresses dr.rnmy (mannequin) that has bells irside its pockets.
Even the most well dressed, respectable person may be a pickpocket. Some ofthe favorite places
ofpickpockets are banks, airports, racetrack, supermarkets, elevators, and train and bus stations. Oftentimes
a pickpocket will work with another pickpockets as his partner. Another kind of pickpockets works outside
or inside bars and specialize in stealing from women is called a 'purse snatcher'.
To avoid being the victim of a pickpocket, it's important to be very cautious and alert when in the
midst of large gathering of the people.

7. The best title for the passage would be. ..

(A) Pickpockets are well dressed

(B) Jingle Bell Schools
(C) Pickpockets
(D) The hanging of pickpockets
(E) Pickpokets and The Police

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8. The hanging ofpickpockets were not continued because ...

(A) they were large crowd ofpeople

(B) it was against humanity
(C) the police were not at the hanging
@) the robber stole the wallet
@) it was not effective to stop pickpocketing

9. Pick pocketing is ... crime.

(A) an old
(B) a modem
(C) a temporary
(D) a contemporary
(E) a new action of

10. South Americans pickpockets are the most efficient ones because ...

(E) they are well -performed

TEXT 3 **4#$ffiBffi.tuqffitu-=B
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Identifuing ingredients ir old paintings gan help now best to rnaii&iitifiphv
how rnaii&ilgHiifilay and
restore them. The 17th-centuy Dutch artist, Rembrand! "ufiitiiqli6il&
was found to use wheat, according to a new
advanced analysis of two ofhis works. It is the first study to identiry wheat starch in any of Rlmbrandt,s
work, even though scientists have performed numerous analyses on more than 150 ofhis.
In Rembrandt's time, artists mixed their own paintq which they then spread onto canvas in layers.
Ofte& individual layen ofthe same piece ofart contained different binding agents, pigrents, vamishes
and ottrer ingredients. Besides color, each layer was mixed to just the right ievil of thickness, glossiness,
textue, evenness on the surface, drying time and more.
However, paint layers are tough to ,n2lyze because they are spread so incredibly thin. The thir:nest
ones rise just a thousandth of a millimeter above tle layer below them. Using a variety of chemical and
physical analytical methods, along with old written records, scientists have been able toidentifi pigments
and other inorgaris ma1grial5 in many ancient paintings.
For the new study, Sanyova and colleagues used some of the most high-tech equipment around to
_
look at the "Portrait of Nicolaes van Bambeeck," which Rembrandt van Rijn painted il 1641. First the
researchers took a cross-section from a miniscule section of the painting. Then they used a variety of
methods to probe the layers, including a technique called Time of Fly Seiondary Ion Mass spectrometry
(ToF-SMS). This technique involves sending a focused, high-energy- beam of ions at the layered sample,
then observing the ions tiat bormce back. By analyzing the energy and chemical nature oftne ejectea iors,
scientists can deduce detailed fuformation about tle types of elements and chemical bonds held within
For the second grayish layer ofpaint on the '?ortrait ofNicolaes van Bambeeck," the scan showed,
Rembrandt mixed oil and a small amount of lead with wheat flour. It's not clear yet whether Rembrandt
used wheat earlier or continued to use the ingredient after painting the "Portrait ofNicotaes van Bambeeck,,,
wfio was a rich wool merchant. But Sanyova and colleagues also found wheat in the '?ortrait of Agatha
Bas," the merchant's wife.

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I 1. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?

(A) There are some advantages ofusing paint layers.

(B) There are inorganic materials in ancient paintings.
(C) Scientists have found the thir:nest layer ofpainting.
(D) There are some methods to crack layer-painting mystery.
(E) The chemical ingredients for layer painting contain different pipents'

12. According to p aragraph l, which of the following words can best describe scientists' effort to identifr
ingredients in Rembrandt's paintings?

(A) Glorious.
(B) Effortless.
(C) Involuntary.
(D) Lengthy
(E) Laborious.

13. How does the author organize the ideas in the passage?

(A)
(B)
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(C) By discussing possible i ;.;, ;....... : :..t .:. rffi **tr
@) By presenting the research's findings aid describing its process'
(E) By discussing the importance of knowing what ingredients Rembrandt used'

14. Wlat would the paragraph following the passage be likely to discuss?

(A) The ToF-SIMS.

(B) Paintings of other 17th century artists.
(C) The painting "Portrait of Agatha Bas".
(D) Written evidence of the use of wheat flour.
(E) Other techniques used in the research.

15. What does the word 'they' in "... own paints, which they then ..." (par. 2) refer to?

(A) Layers.
(B) Artists.
(C) Paints.
(D) Pigments.
(E) Ingredients.

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TEXT 4

The latest round in an ongoing debate over global-warming trends claims that warming has indeed
slowed down this centtry. An obvious slowing in the rise of global temperatures was recorded at the
beginning of the twenty-fi$t century. This was referred to as a "hiatus" or a "pause". This hiatus was fust
observed several years ago. Climate-change skeptics have used this as evidence that global rarming has
stopped permanently. Br* in June the previous year, a study in science claimed that the hiatus was just an
artifict which disappears when biases in temperature data are corrected.
Now a prominent group of researchers is countering that claim They argue in Nature Climate
Cbange that even after correcting these biases the slowdown was real. "There is this mismatch between
what the climate models are producing and what the obsewations are showing," says lead author John Ffe.
"We can't imore it." Fyfe uses the term "slowdown" rather tlan 'hiatus". He also stresses that it does not
in any way weaken global-warming theory.
The study that questioned ttre existence of the slowdown corrected knoun biases in the surface
temperature record rnaintained by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) . The
fi"ding showed differences in temperature readings from shilrs and buoys. This effectively increased the
record about *arming. The researchers also extended the record to include 2014. This set a new record high
for average teryeratures.
Thomas Karl, director ofNational Centers for Environmental }rformation in Asheville, calcr:lated
the rate of global warming between 1950 and 1999 as being 0.113'C per decade. This was similar to the
0.116"C a decade calculated for2000-14. This, Karl said, meant that an assessment done by the influential
Panel on Qlimate Qhangs in 2013 showing that warming had slowed was no longer

(A) the hiatus observation

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(B) the reason why global tYle*tr:
(C) global wirming is a verifiable issue in the space ofa decade
(D) thre contention about global wamring and whether it is indeed slowing this period
(E) the view of study in science t}at the hiatus is an artifact which vanisfes

17. The word "prominent" in paragraph 2 means. ...

(A) well-known
(B) promenade
(C) shrewd
@) indolent
(E) magnificent

18. Why have some claimed that global warming a fabricated issue?

(A) Because there's no valid data to prove that global warming is real.
(B) Since the existence of the slowdown corrected knorm biases in the surface terryerature record
upheld by the US NOAA.
(C) As an assessment done on Climate Change presenting that warming bad slowed was no longer
valid.
(D) For the researchers is countering that in Natwe Climate Change even after correcting these biases
the slowdown was real.
(E) Because of the diversificatron in temperature readings from ships and buoys, the study found.

- 2t3 - Qonstdnto / Sem-2 & I nte nsil / 27 -22

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TEXT 5

Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one
hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and leaming outcomes. For exaryle, in science
and mathematics education, scholars have documented that the rrse ofICT can improve students' conceptual
understanding, problem solving, and team working skills. Consequently, most curriculum documents state
the irrportance ofICT and encourage school teachen to use them" However, teachers need to specifically
trained in order to integrate ICT in their teaching.

Schools are known to be resistant to i:novation and change, however, the spread of ICT is
begir:ning to affect how teachers teach. One ofthe current issues about the use ofICT is how it is integrated
into the omicglun The curriculum document provide arguments for introducing ICT in the school setting.
Therefore, schools expect tlat graduates from teacher education programs have a reasonable knowledge of
howto use ICT. However, this may not be the case because most curent teachers' pre-service preparation,
and subsequent in-service courses were designed by using traditional educational technology and settings'
Thus, the participants in these courses are not familiar with the processes, interaction pattems, features, and
possibilities ofteaching leaming processes based on ICT.

Effective development of pre-service teachers' ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct
process, but is the one asking for a carefirl, complex approach First, a need assessment is impodant to find
out what.IcT.qkllls and knowledge teachers need at schools. Second desigrers of teacher education
progams should know the pre-service teachers' ICT and their
integration ir:1o curriculum.
that support the ICT use in

19. Which of the foflowins best i;i;idiifrii"ale,it6-:i6"6i'-:iti;fid].i[ aecaaes, the usd6dGt'fras been
an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching
and leaming outcomes." in paragraph 1?

(A) ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that ICT can develop teaching
and leaming upshot.
(B) Studies have shown that ICT can enrich teaching and leaming end result
(C) The use ofICT has been an insigrificant topic in education. Also, studies bave shown that ICT can
enhance teaching and leaming outcomes.
(D) Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in educational method.
(E) Over the preceding two decades, studies have exposed that ICT can increase teaching and leaming
outcomes.

20. Based on the passage, paragraph 1 most likely discusses....

(A) educational go&th in the last two decades

(B) the development of education by using ICT
(C) the advantages ofusing ICT in the leaming process
(D) teachers need to be trained in orrder to integrate ICT in their teaching
(E) ICT and education in today's leaming development

- 2L4 - Qonstontd / Sem-2 &,ntensif / 27-22

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TEXT 6

Sleepiness after eating is a response of the body to chemical changes during the digestion process.
This is normal and it happens to everybody. However, if sleepiness occurs every time after eating and
obstructs your ability to functior! this may be a concem. Sleepiness after eating is caused by many factors,
such as the type of food you consume, messy sleeping habits, your health condition and so forth. The body
requires energy to function and ttris energy is obtained through food. Post-eating the body releases
hormones such as amylir5 glucagon and cholecystokinin These hormones increase blood sugar levels,
creating a feeling of firlLress and producing insulin that will be skeamed through cell tiszues and provide
energy for thern At the same time, the brain releases serotonin that causes drowsiness.
Moreover, food also inlluences melatonin production in the brain. This is the horrnone that is
reryonsible for sleepiness post-meal. Some foods that are rich in proteir:, such as meat, poultry, eggs, fish,
spinacb, tofi1 cheese and soybeans can trigger more drowsiness tban others. Additionally, foods containing
carbohydrates also help produce serotonin and tryptopban amino acids found in the brain. This is the reason
why you feel sleepy after eating carbohydrate-rich foods.
Overearing can also cause sleepiness. Post-meal, the body streams more blood to the digestive
system to better digest foods in massive amounts. This causes a temporary blood and nutrients shortage in
the brain. To prevent post-meal drowsiness, it's better to eat a balanced diet containing vegetables, grains
and good fats to provide continuous energy. Drink lots ofwater and limit your sugar intake.

get a good night's sleep the night before. To avoid this, improve your sleeping habits to prevent stress.
Engaging in regular physical exerci.se,canftlp.you.get agood niglgl; slqep.-It is;-e-qormre;rdg{
avoidnappingifyouarehavingu6nbl$st?Gffi{iiC& -**"; :,-* "" .. ;* a :I* ffiS fui you
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21. What is the author's purpose,in wfting (he passage?
i,la:i:i i 1,li:jL: I l{'jIi{i ii
(A) To discuss the amount of food to consuire so as not to feel sleepy
(B) To infomr the readers about the frctors of sleepiness after eating
(C) To argue the effect ofeating too much foods for the brain
(D) To tell the readers the benefit of eating certain foods
(E) To investigate what causes drowsiness after overeating

22. By writing the sentences in paragraph 2, the author intends to tell the readers about....

(A) foods that are rich in protein, such

as meat, eggs, fish, tofu cheese and soybeans can generate more
drowsiness
(B) overeating protein and carbohydrate-rich foods obstructs your brain's ability to function well
(C) the reason why carbohydrate-rich foods make you feel sleepy
(D) food combinatiors containing tryptophan amino acid and carbohydrates make you feel drowsy
(E) the homrone melatonin production in the brain is responsible for sleepiness after eating

23. It can be predicted from the passage that....

(A) the finer you rranage your sleep, the more lethargic you feel
(B) the more fish you eat, the better it is for the brain
(C) the less you eat carbohydrate-nch foods, the less you will feel drowsy
(D) the less meat you eat, the more you will feel drowsy
(E) the less you consume protein and carbohydrates, the better it is for the body

- zL9 - Qonstdnta / Sem-2 & tntensil / 27-22

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Text 7

The literatue on drug addiction has grown at a rate that defies aryone to keep abreast of the
literature, and apparendy in inverse propodion to our understanding of the subject. Mdictioq or
dependence, as it is more fashionable to call it, excites controversy arld speculation yet true understanding
ofthe phenomenon remains elusive. Ir fact, the area is fraught with speculation and acrimonious debate.
Definition of terms such as drug, addiction, and abuse is obviously less controversial than attempts to
explain the nature ofdrug dependence, yet even the terminology is iurprecise and overlain with zubjective
connotations. At its most basic, a drug, as defined by the World Health Organization, is simply any
substance which when taken into the living organism may modifi one or more of its firnctions. This kind
of definition is too wide to be of any use in a discussion of dependence: it covers everything from insulin
to aspirin, penicillin to alcohol.

24. The author ir::plies that he thinks the term dependence in tle context of drugs

(A) is more accurate the older term addiction

(B) bas not always been the prefenrd term
(C) is a curently under-used term
(D) is an avant-garde aberration
(E) is more controversial than the term addiction

25. We can infer from the first sentence that

(A) not all ttrat has been uade*sta$dine*

(B) no one can have read al1
lBl B& ** &-"dS
(C) the more that is publi
(D) the mte of glo\lth should be we are to understand the zubject --- --
(E) writing about addiction i(.fa{
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TEXT 8

Rome, founded on the banks ofthe Tiber river, boasts two ancient walls that, ulhen they were built,
surrounded the city. Although both were built as walls intended to deferd the citv orotectivelv and stood
ten meters @!|jbgy were erected under different historical circumstances.
It's thought tlat the Servian Wall was constructed in the early fourth century BCE and named after
Servius Tullius, who was the sixth king of Rome. The eleven-kilometer wall encircled Rome's seven hills
and stood entirely on the east side ofthe Tiber River.
The Aurelian Wall. built in the late third century CE by the Roman Emperor Aureliaq was 4919
sturdier than the older wall. It was nineteen kilometers long seatlv exoanded and surrounded the city of
Rome as well as a small section ofthe Tiber's west bank. Erected almost 600 years after the Servian Wall,
the Aurelian Wall protected Rome while the army was away, defending the empire's far-flung frontiers
from enemy attacks. The massive wall deterred many enemies who might have been terrpted to attack
Rome during those ir:tervals the city was sparsely defended.

26. The expression "walls intended to defend the city protectively'' should be

(A)NOCHANGE
(B) defersive walls for defending the city
(C) protectively defensive wall
(D) walls to provide defensive protection
(E) defensive walls

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27. The expression'tall they" should be

(A)NOCHANGE
(B) tall. They
(C) tall, they
(D) tall; they
(E) tafl-they

28. The words "It's" should be

(A)NOCTTANGE
@) Among historians, its
(c) It
(D) Its
(E) It has

29. The word "Wall" should be

(A) NO CI{ANGE
(B) Wall had built

30.
WffiffiffiffiffireffiM
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(A)No
(B) much sturdier rhan
(C) more sturdier then
(D) much more sturdier than
(E) rnuch sturdier then

- 2L7 - Qonstantd / Sem-2 & tntensil / 27-22

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LATIHAN UTBK2
Text 1

Scientists are as obsessed with the question of why the super old surrrive and tlrive, as Ponce de
Leon was to find the Fountain of Youth. They want to understand why the Japanese islands of Okinawa are
home to the world's largest population of centenarians, with almost 600 of its 1 .3 million inhabitants living
into their second century -many of them active and looking decades younger than their actual years. Like
weekend visitors on the summer ferry to Martha's Vineyard, scientists and sociologists block the boats to
Sardinia and Nova Scotia, Canada, to see why those craggy locales hide vast clusters ofthe super old.
As well as studying these populations intensively to unlock their secrets, scientists have also taken
a hard look at the very old in the U.S., most notably in the New England Centenarian Study, led by Dr.
Thomas Perls, a geriatrician at Boston University. While the very old are happy to offer homespun
explanations for their longevity - "I never took a drink", "I dmnk a shot of rtiskey every day'' - experts
are trying to unravel and understand the biological fictors that allow some people to reach 100 while otlers
drop off in their 70s or 80s. Researchers are particularly interested in determining which factors allow up
to 30% of those who reach 100 to do so in sufficient mental and physical health: a whopping 90% of
centenarians, according to Perls, remain functionally independent up to age 92-
It is pretty obvious even to nonscientists that how you get there depends partly on the genes you
are bom witl, the partly on lifestyle-what and how much you eat, where you fve and what types of stress
and trauma you experience. How much depends on each fictor, though, was unknown until Swedish
scientists tacklod,the problem in 1998. They did it by looking at tle only set ofpeople who share genes but
not lifestyle: iddntical twins who were separated at birth and apad. If genes important,
you would expect the twins to
convinced the scientists that The
dominant factor is lifestyle.
!rtdlt !{ I

1 . What is the topic of the text above?

(A) Suwival.
(B) Youth.
(C) Long-life span.
(D) Old age.
(E) Health secrets.

2. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of ttre text?

(A) The population of the elderly people is increasing.

(B) Elderly people cluster in particular pads of the world.
(C) Biological factors irfluence mental and physical health.
(D) Genes and life styles are essential for a longJife span.
(E) Several biological factors are at work affecting life span.

J. Which of the following is true about the information in the text?

(A) Super old people normally can exceed 100.

(B) Okinawa people look younger at their actual age.
(C) All alcoholic drinks decrease life expectation.
(D) All of Dr. Perls' subjects are self-reliant.
(E) Gene quality contributes much more to life span.

.218 - Qonstanta / Sem-2 & lntensil / 27-22

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4. How is the information of the last paragra.ph in the text organized?

(A) Each question is provided with an illustration.

(B) Scientific questions are followed by studies.
(C) Each study is followed by research findings.
(D) Scientific questions are presented from general to specific.
(E) Three related questions are followed by one filding.

5. According to the inforrnation in the passage people may ....

(A) reach an old age if tleir parents do so

@) reach old age ifthey keep a healthy life style
(C) reach old age ifthey are brought up separately from their siblings.
(D) not reach old age unless they live in areas *trere it is prevalent.
(E) fail to reach an old age uoless tley are mentally healthy

Text 2

I
Although it seems like the spread of spams unwantedjunk e-mails sent to millions ofpeople each

legislation
spam, the problem will not'go away easily.
7
The reason qrammers-the people who and businesses that spread spam--are difficult to stop is
that spam is so cost effective. It costs a spammel urghly one-hundredth ofa cerf to send spanq which
mears that a spammer can still make a profit even with an extremely low response rate, as low as one sal e
per 100,000 e-rnails sent. This low rate gives spammers a tremendous incentive to continue sending out
millions and millions of e-mails, event if the average person never purchases anything from them With so
much at stake, spammers bave gone to great lengtbs to avoid or defeat spam blockers and filters.
13
Most spam filters rely on fairly primitive 'fingerprinting" system. In this systerq a progam
analyzes several typical spam messages and identifies common features in them. Any arriving e-mails that
match these features are deleted. But the fingerprinting defense proves quite easy for spammers to defeat.
To confuse the pmgmm, a spammer siryly has to include a series of random characters of numbers. The
additions to the spam message change its "fingerprint" and thus allow the spam to escape detection. And
when programmers modi$, the fingerprint software to look for random strings of letters, sparnmers respond
by including nonrandom content, such as sports scores or stock prices, which again defeats the system.
20
A second possible solution takes advantage ofa computer's limited leaming abilities. So called
"smart filters" use complex algorithms, ttrich allow them to recognize new versions of spam messages.
These filters ruy initially fooled by random characters or bogus content, but they soon leam to identify
be
these features. Unfortunately, spammers have leamed how to avoid these smart filters as well.

- 279 - Qanstdnta / Sem-2 & lntensil / 2I-22

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6. The following statements describe spam, except ....

(A) It affects millions of intemet users.

@) It totals more than 80% of e-mails.
(C) It is beneficial to the general public.
(D) It is an rmr*anted message for mass audience.
@) It rray be a good source of income for spammers.

7. The best title for ttre above text is ....

(A) The Development of Spam and Sparnmers

(B) The Success of ihe Development of Spam Filters
(C) The Disadvantages of Using e-mails
(D) How to Make Profit through Spamming
(E) Spam: Problems and Solutions

8 . Smart filters are superior to fingerprinting systems because smart filters ... .

(A) are eventually able to recogrize new version of spam

(B) have the ability to leam from their previous mistakes
(C) do not need to fild common features to detect spam
@) are not fooled by random characters or contents
(E) take advantages of a conyrtet's trimi@ lEflsisg *itidos * t!. ! w.,El $*1 *F-* *iI*+
9. The word 'program' in rine
t,:
rfftf{$ i61Y'
xF
* {'TTo{"*a.Ts,?
!t ':&'i}-.''J 1:.-"{;I
i'1f-.,.--1iil',,tr-.'i i:' i::,::.il'}i-: il-i,nf:i
(B) a character or a number
(C) a type character of spam frlter
@) a common feature
(E) a fingerprinting

10. From the text we can conclude that spammers ....

(A) have always managed to get responses from intemet users

(B) produce spam that can never be detected by spam blockers
(C) have been able to sell cheap products to users
@) make a big profit from the combat against spam blockers
(E) always send 100,000 e-mails a day to make profit

Text 3

A sanctuary may be defined Man is passive and the rest ofNature active. Till quite
as a place where
recently Nature had her own sanctuaries, where man either did not go at all or only as a tool-using animal
in comparatively small numbers. But now, in this machinery age, there is no place left where rnn cannot
go with overwhelming forces at his command. He can strangle to death all the nobler wild life in the world
to-day. To-morrow he certainly will have done so, w ess he exercises due foresight and self-control in the
mean-time.

- 220 - Qonstdnta / Sem-2 & lntensif / 27-22

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There is not the slightest doubt that $1ds a1d mammels are now being killed off much faster than
they can breed. And it is always the largest and noblest forms of life that suffer most. The whales and
elephants, lions and eagles, go. The rats and flies, and all mean parasites, remain. This is inevitable in
certain cases. But it is wanton killing off that I am speaking of to-night. Civilized rnan begins by destroying
the very forms of wild life he leams to appreciate most when he becomes still more civilized. The obvious
remedy is to begin conservation at an earlier stage, when it is easier and better in wery way, by enforcing
laws for close seasons, game preserves, the selective protection of certain species, and sanctuaries.
I have just defi'red a sanctuary as a place where man is passive and the rest of Nature active. But
this general definition is too absolute for any special case. The mere fact that man has to protect a sanctuary
does away with his purely passive attitude. Then, he can be beneficially active by destroying pests and
parasites, like bot-flies or mosquitoes, and by finding antidotes for diseases like the epidemic which
periodically kills offthe rabbits and thus starves many ofthe camivore to death. Bug excep in cases where
experiment has proved his intervention to be beneficial, the less he upsets the balance of Nature the better,
even when he tries to be an earthly Providence.

1 1. The ar*hor implies that his fust definition of a sanctuary is

(A) totally wrong

(B) somewhat idealistic
(C) unhelptul
(D) indefensible
(E) immutable

12. The ar- hor's argument that

weakened by all ofthe lollowing except
:*(}st
irLiLJ:iL V t*rtl I lcs**n
yqllr lU*::LJl I ,.,.,:,
,,.,r) :111
'' tr]ll#ffif,:
(A) parasites have an important role to plafin the regulation ofpopulations
(B) the elimination ofany species can have unpredictable effects on the balance ofnature
(C) the pests themselves are part ofthe food chain
(D) these insects have been introduced to ttre area by human activities
(E) elimiaali6l sfthese insects would require the use of insecticides that kill a wide range of insects

I 3. It can be inferred tbat the passage is

(A) part of an article in a scientific joumal

(B) extracted from the minutes ofa nature club
(C) part ofa speech delivered to an educated audience
(D) a speech delivered in a court of law
(E) from a polemical article published in a magazine

14. The purpose of the hnal paragraph is

(A) to sum up the main points ofthe author,s argument

(B) to urge a solution to an increasingly pressing problem
(C) to qualifr the author's definition ofan important term
(D) to propose a program
(E) to suggest that man should not intervene in natural environments

-221- Qonstantd / Sem-2 & lntensil / 2t-22

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Text 4

Passage I
People still collect books as valuable antiques or for a hobby, but you get virtually all the
information you need from the viewscreen of your home computer system. The cornputer is linked to a
library-not a library of books but an electronic library where infonnation on every subject is stored in
computer memory banks.
Having this service at your fingertips is like having a huge brand-new encyclopedia in yow homes
at all times. The computer can tell you anlhing you u/ant to know, and the i::formation is always the very
latest available. Therc need be only one central library to which conrputers in homes, offices, schools and
colleges are connected. At the library experts are constantly busy, feeding in the very latest inforrnation as
they receive it. In theory one huge electronic library could serve the whole world!

Passage 2

E-books have not spelled the demise of the local library in New York. In fac! according to a new
repod from the Center for an Urban Ftrtwe, 40.5 million people visited the city's public libraries, more than
all ofthe city's professional sports teams and major cultural institutions combined.
The report "Branches of Opportunity," looks at the changing role ofthe city's libraries in the digital
age. It finds that while public libraries are serving more New Yorkers than ever, they are "r.mdervalled by
policymakers and face growing threats." New York city's library system is a unique hybrid. Tbree

*T $;:{ 'r*
organization the New York Public L;fuary, +tp+g lg1ht" P:gokly-q41d-eu-e.9ps l!!ryries.ppera1e,206 local
** "d*
brancbes throughout the five bor{trffi
f*g
t:.^ceo ..-,-R-f f
*+ ,i4 ffi
i .*"3i .e.o* .o6,t + 6 + ,.1**r,;t
15. Which idea in Passage 2 is different fiom rhat in Passa*" t?
. ... i ,.,,f
(A) EJibraries require sophisticated IT expertise.
(B) Access to information in eJibraries is unlimited.
(C) Collections of e-libraries are regularly updated.
(D) EJibraries function as a huge infomration bank.
(E) In reality most people are still e-library illiterate.

16. Which of the following statements is true according to both passages?

(A) People would rather go to the library than watch sporting events.
(B) People still dream of using libraries in spite of time and space.
(C) Access to information in an e-library requires a good IT system.
(D) Libraries provide quick access to free e-books and newspapers.
(E) The role of library changes fast due to advanced IT technology.

17. Based on the information in both passages, it can be hypothesized that ....

(A) conventional libraries wrll continue despite of the threats

(B) policies should be made to conserve common libraries
(C) threats to book publishers becomes more serious
(D) IT-based libraries will gain much popularity
(E) unpopularity of ordinary libraries is obvious

- 222 - Qonstonta / Sem-2 & tntensil / 2t-22

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18. The topic discussed in both passages is ... .

(A) the electronic library establishment in the digital era

(B) the imrortance of libraries in the computer era
(C) the preference to choosing public iibraries
(D) the advanced technology in managing libraries
(E) the number ofpublic library visitors in New York

Text 5

Sweetness is one of the most important taste sensations for humans and for many animal species
as well. Sweet compounds almost universally induce a positive and pleasant response in humans, and this
response, is often thought to be inbom. There is scarcely any area of food habits today that does not in some
ways involve the sweet taste. Sucrose, the chemical compound in sweetener, is not consumed only for its
sweetness. It also bas many firnctiooal properties in foods that make it useflrl as a bulking agent, textue
modifier, mouth-feel modifier, and preservative. Sucrose additionally offers an irnportant energy source for
many food fermentations.
For nutritional and health reasons, there has been a growing desire in most Westem countries to
utilize sweeteners other than sucrose. Consumers are urged to control their energy intake to avoid obesity,
and reducing fit
consumption is usually recommended by reducing sugar intake, especially the

The use of artificial swethnerieiir€sr*eiir a

basic differences between them ard iffe carbohydrate sweeteners. Nonnutritive sweeteners o.
ur,in"iut
sweeteners are usuallv oot tasEd'"aird therpfqreiGdidifferent chemiffiiaifffurv.r"ur
properties. Often normutritive"u.bohydpte
sweeteners alsir have flavor characteristics that differ from those of
carbohydrate sweeteners and are intersely sweet compared to carbohydrate sweetenen. These properties
often influence the cost of food manufacturing because the resulting dietetic or special dietary foods are
expected to be as acceptable as those with carbohydrate sweeteners.

19. What is the writer's purpose of writing the passage?

(A) To inform
(B) To criticize
(C) To entertain
(D) To persuade
(E) To convince

20. It can be infened from paragraph 3 that . .. .

(A) Afificial sweeteners share some similar cornpo',t ds with nomudtive sweeteners
(B) Food manufacturers have to produce artificial sweeteners for their product
(C) Producing dietary foods with artificial sweeteners may be more expensive
(D) Nonnutritive sweeteners are more favored by food manufacturers
(E) Artificial sweeteners cannot be used in dietary foods

- 223 - Qonstantd / Sem-2 & lntensif / 2t-22

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21. Which of the following statements is NOT TRIJE, according to the text?

(A) Sugar can be used to preserve foods.

(B) People usually give positive response to sweet taste.
(C) Carbohydrate-based sweeteners may contnbute to obesity.
(D Other than adding sweetness, sucrose has other valuable frrnction.
(E) Carbohydrate-based sweeteners are sweeter tlnn the artificial ones.

22. In which course would the above text be found?

(A) History
(B) Public health
(C) Chemistry
(D) Psychology
(E) Sociology

23. The tone of this passage is ....

(A) serious
(B) cynical
(C) objective
(D) humorous
@) irptimistic

Text 6
ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffre
When Karl Kim atgs tg1!,fSr. pa?qa teenagerten y@,qpgg1fu lad a
hard time leaming English. Now ;aid i&eitli h6 kid a unique opportriniiitdiee how
our brains adapt to a seiond language. Kim is a gra.duate student in ttre lab of Joy Hirscb, a neuroscientist
at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. He and Hirsch have recently found evidence
that children and adults don't use the same parts ofthe brain when leaming a second language.
The researchers used an instrument called a firnctional rnagnetic resonance i-ager to study the
brains of two groups ofbilingual people. One group consisted oftlose who had leamed a second language
as children. The other corxisted ofpeople who, like Kim, leaming their second language later in life. When
placed inside the MRI scanner, which allowed Kim and Hirsch to see which parts of the brain were getting
more blood and were thus more active, people from both groups were asked to think about what they had
done the day before, first in one language and then the other. They couldn't speak out loud, trecause any
movement would disrupt the scanning. Kim and Hirsch look specifically at two language centers in the
brain-Broca's area, in the left frontal part, which is believed to manage speech production, and wemicke's
area, in the rear ofthe brain, thought to proces5 166 6s6ning of language. Both groups ofpeople, Kim and
Hirsch found, used the same part of Wemicke's area no matt€r what language they were speaking. But their
use ofBroca's area differed.
People who leamed a second language as children used the same region in Broca's area for both
languages. But those who leamed a second language later in life made use ofa distinct region in Broca's
area for their second language - the one activated for their native tongue. How does Hirsch explain this
difference? "When language is being hard-wired during development,,, says Hirsch, .,the brain may
intertwine sound and structures from all languages into the same area. "But once that wiring is complete,
the management ofa new language, with new sounds and structures, must be taken over by a different part
of the brain"

- 224 - Qonstonto / 5em-2 & lntensil / 27-22

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A second possibility is simply that we rray acquire language differently as children than we do as
adults. "Ifyou watch mothers or family members teaching an infant to speak," says Hirsch. .,lt' svery tactile,
it's.very auditory, and it's very visual. There are a lot of different inputs. And that,s very different from
sitting in a classroom."

24. The most appropriate title of the text is ....

(A) Second Language Leaming

(B) Langua.ge Experiment
(C) The Bilingual Brain
@) Language karning Process
(E) The Brain's Function

25. According to the text, Broca's area ....

(A) deals with the processing of language meaning

@) activates ones' native tongue in language leaming
(C) handles speech production in communication
(D) processes meaning in language leaming
@) rnanages brain to get blood to be more active

26. The "tactile" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ....

(A) concrete
(B) elusive
(C) vague reffiffi.effiffiffiflreffim
(D) subtle
(E) delicate ***st y*Llr l*sson
27. It can be inferred from the text that ....

(A) Everybody uses the same parts ofthe brain when leaming a new language.
@) older leamers are less likely to be successflrl in leaming a new languagi than children.
(C) In their experiment, Kim and Hirsch found having more blood in thi brain will help rrastering new
language
(D) Speech production is produced when the brain inter-wine sound and struchrres into the same
area
(E) lnfunt can speak instantly when taught by its parents who are language experts.

28. This text would probably be assigned reading in which ofthe following courses?

(A) Biology
(B) Literature
(C) Medicine
(D) NeuroJinguistics
(E) Sociology

Qonstdnto / 5em-2 & tntensil / 2t-22

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LATII{AN UTBK3
Text 1

you probably know tlat calcium and vitamin D are needed to build strong bones. But urhat you
may not know is tlat there are certafut elements in your diet that can actually reduce bone density, increasing
your risk for o steoporosis.
You need protein to build strong bones, but when you eat too much protein, your body produces
is more
chemicals called sulphates that can cause calcium to leach out of lhebones. This ef[ect on bones
likely to occur with animal protein than vegetable protein. In the recent Nurse Health Study tr' conducted
by Harvard Medical School, I 1 6,686 women were followed for 1 0 yean. The researchers found that
women

who ate red meat at least five times a week were more likely to have a bone fracture than women who ate
red meat only once a week.
In a recelrt study of 31,527 Swedish women ages 40 to 76, conducted by the $wsdish Departuent
of Toxicology's National Food Administration, researchers found that women who alrink 330 milligrams
of caffeine or more a day - the equivalent of about four cups of coffee - have an increased risk of boue
fractures. This risk was especially noted in women who had a lower consumption of calciurn The
researchers did, not find an association between tea consumption and an increased risk for bone fractures.
One reason could be that the caffeine content oftea is that ofcoffee.

The recent Framingham and

researchers'l'he
hips of 1.413 1 ,12 5 men
I .413 women and 1,125 ilie frequency of their soft drink conzumption.
miiri6g$inst
concluded rhat cola and diet col4:teg{3gS(tryi{gtinoroiryrygtoeatea drinks) may c{ilfffiiil,loss in
women and may involve not just the the caffein6, but the phosphorus in colas, too' "It may be that the
connection between colas and bone loss is due in part to the substitution of soda for mift decreasing
calcium intake,,, says Kristine Cuthrell, RD. research nutritionist and project coordinator, Cancer Research
Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii in Honolulu.

1. The author's attitude toward the topic might best be described as ..

(A) concemed
(B) skeptical
(C) scientific
(D) serious
(E) optimistic

2. The paragra.ph following the passage will most likely discuss ....

(A) medical prevention of osteoporosis

(B) another element ofdiet that reduces bone density
(C) advantages of consuming more calcium and vitamin D
@) an explanation about osteoporosis and its impact
(E) sources of high calcium and vitamin

- 226 - Qonstdnta / Sem-2 & lntensir / 27-22

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3. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

(A) In addition to the knowledge on how to build strong bones, people also need to know the causes of
bone fractures to prevent osteoporosis.
(B) Too much protein reduces bones density as it generates unsafe chemicals causing the bones to lose
calcium.
(C) Some elements in our diet such as animal proteix, caffeine, and phosphorus in soft drinks may
cause bone loss and lead to osteoporosis.
(D) Excessive calcium and vitamin D consumption builds weaker bones and decreases the risk of
osteoporosis.
@) Drinking coffee is more harmfrrl to human bones compared to drinking tea as coffee contains
caffeine twice than tea des.

4. What will happen if people consume less animal protein?

(A) It will increase the chance of osteoporosis.

(B) It wil stop spines and hips mineral density loss.
(C) The protein will be substituted by calcium and vitamin D.
(D) Human body will produce more calcirm to strengthen the bones.
(E) It will decrease sulphates productioq which decreases the risk of calcium leach.

5. The phraml verb "leach ouf' as used in paragaph 2 can be replaced with

(A) leak out

@) drain
(C) run out
ffiffiffireffimffiffiffim
(D) spoil
(E) reduce
***st y*Lir l**s(}i"'l
Text2

Bad luck always seems to strike at the worst possible moment. { man assut f9 ge for an interview
for hisjob gets shrck in trafEc. A law student taking her final exam wakes up with a headache. A runner
twists his ankle minutes before abig race, perfect examples of cruel fite.
Or are they? Psychologists who study such common mishaps now believe that in many instances,
they rnay be carefirlly orcheskated schemes of the subconscious mind. In their book, two psychologists,
Berglas and Baumeister, contend that people often engage in a forrn of self-dsfeating behavior known as
self-bandicapping - or, in plain terms, excuse making. It's a simple process: By taking on a crippling
handicap, a person makes it more likely that he or she will fail at an endeavor. Though it seerns like a crazy
thing to dq Berglas and Baumeister say it is actually a clever trick of the mind, one that sets up a win-win
situation by allowing a person to save face when he or she does fail.
A classic self-handicapper is the French chess ghamfion Desclmpelles who lived during the 18th
century. Deschapelles was a phenomenal player who quickly became cbampion ofhis region. But when
competition grew tougher, he adopted a new condition for all matches: He would compete only if his
opponent would remove one of Deschapelle's panns and make the first move, increasing the odds that
Deschapelles would lose. Ifhe did lose, he could blame it on the other player's advantage and no one would.
know the true limits ofhis ability; but ifhe won against such odds, he would be ail the more revered for his
amazing talents. Psychologists now use the term "Deschapelles coup" to refer to acts of self-sabotage
ra ntp ant in today' s world.

- 227 - Qonstdnta / Sem-2 & lntensif / 27-22

 Q*'*=i-rE
Overall, men are more likely than w66sn to make excuses. Several studies suggest that men feel
the need to appear competent in all realms, while women worry only about the skills in which they've
invested heavily. Ask a man and a woman to go scuba diving for the first time, and the woman is likely to
jump in, while the man is likely to first make it known that he's not feeling too well.
In fact, the people most likely to become chronic excuse makers are those obsessed with success,
says Berglas. Such people are so afraid ofbeing labelled a frilure at anything tlat they constantly develop
one handicap or another in order to explain away failure. Furthermore, over the long ruq excuse makers
fail to live up to their true potential, thwart their oun goals and lose the status they care so much about.
And deqpite their protests to the contrary, they have only themselves to blame.

6 . Which of the following is the topic of the whole essay?

(A) Avoiding failure by using self-handicapping

(B) Self-handicapping as a cause of depression
(C) The life ofa classic self-handicapper, Dechapelle
(D) A comparison between the ways men and women avoid fiilure
@) Performing self-handicapping as a llay to improve status

7. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?

(A) Self-handicapping is ultimately a destructive behavior.

(B) Chronic excuse making can be a sign of depression.
(C) Self-handicapping is used by women to save their face.
@) Self-handicapping is ffi ffi.*a ffi
(E) People who commit ffi ffi&*M
8. which of the following is anpr54trplgt.q+"\e$4gi9arf,S4 I l] il il" !d
(A) Leaving in plenty of time for an important meeting
(B) Taking a good care ofour physical condition prior to a game
(C) Having a good preparation befols mseting a client
(D) Going to bed early before a big examination
(E) Practicing rurning a few minutes before a race

9. The word "rampant" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ....

(A) interesting
(B) widespread
(C) occasional
(D) plausible
@) intermittent

10. It can be inferred from the passage that a student who wanted to engage in self-handicapping would ....

(A) join study groups for difficult subjects

(B) go to bed early the night before an exam
(C) study as hard as possible for a big exam
(D) eat plen!, of spicy food hours before an exam
(E) try to cheat on a test to get a high score

-228- Qonstdnta / Sem-2 & lntensil / 27-22

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Text 3

Most ofus have heard the good advice that we need to eat less sugar, and rightly so. However,
despite the numerous wamings by health authorities ofthe ill effects of sugar, the maj onty of the population
is siill consuming sugar on a daily basis in some forrn or other.
We do not have to consume white, refined sugar to be consuming sugar. Sugar includes glucose,
fructose (as in fruit sugar), lactose (as in milk), sucrose (as in table zugar), maltose or malts (as in rice malt
and honey), jam (contains concentrated juice, which is high in fruit sugar), maple synrp, com synrp, pabn
sugar (traditionally used in macrobiotic cooking), and the very deceiving organic brown sugar, which is not
all that differcnt from white zugar. Even alcohol is a sugar. A1l of these sugars are problematic in many
different ways.
The body changes sugar into 2 to 5 times more fat in the bloodstream than it does starch. With 146
proven reasons why sugar is bad for us, is there perhaps one single reason as to why we might need it? The
only interesting thing about sugar is that it tastes good and makes us temporally feel good. This is an area
worth exploring. According to Tmditional Chinese Medicine, a 5000-year-old wisdom of self-contained
knowledge of healing, we all need sweetness in our life. We need six tastes: sweet, sour, salqr, astringent,
bitter and pnngent to stimulate the taste buds on our tongue at main meals, in order to expeience satiegt.
Many people really try hard to avoid sugar, and do not sweeten their tea or coffee, yet thoy crave
zugar in some other foml zuch as chocolates, cakes, ice cream or even fruit - dates and figs. Dates are 99%o
sugar, in the form of fructose. When a person is in metabolic balanrce, they do not crave sugar. If they do,
it is a sign of a metabolic imbaraflBe
ffi ffiW)WmWX*ryW
** t*..."* ., 5 q.:" mA E'3" 'e
ll. whatisrheautt,o.'ruttitra"i'#rdrff,Sr"ir*Jo#Jr;i
j*;i*l-;
(A)considerate i'li-l'.-]Sl'iii::il"li illri;1:
(B) Detemined
(C) Persistent
(D) Thoughtfi..rl
(E) Cautious

12. The paragraph following the passage will likely talk about ...

(A) a way of remedying metabolic inequality

(B) details of a person with metabolic problems
(C) a comparison of sugar contents in tea and cakes
(D) other sweetener types for replacing sugar
(E) effects of consuming too much sugar

1 3. The passage can be best summarized as ....

(A) all types of sugar are problematic to hr.rman health

(B) humans actually need sugar every day in the form of food
(C) the only firnction of sugar is to satisfu our need of sweet taste
(D) given the ill effect of sugar, people should avoid consuming it
(E) over corsumption of sugar will impact both physically and psychologically

- 229 - /
Qonstanto Sem-2 & tntensil / 2 t-22
 Q=:*=*.='k
14. Based on the passage, it can be hypothesized that we will feel firll if....

(A) there is sugar in the food

(B) we eat or drink something sweet
(C) alcohol is served during meal time
(D) tastes in the food complement each other
(E) our body zuffers from metabolic irnbalance

15. The word "satiety'' as used in paragraph 3 most nearly means

(A) Completion
(B) Binge
(C) Bulge
(D) Appetite
(E) Satisfaction

Text 4

A forgotten issue in urbanism is land use during the nighttime, with problems such as noise and
dirt, which could be improved with information from Twitter. At least rhis iswhat Eorique and Vanessa
Frias-Martinez believe, computer science researchers at Telefonica Research and the University of
Maryland (USA) respectively, who have suggested using geolocalized tweets for urban planning and land

Enrique Frias-Martinez
information for planning since
infomntion on where they are
thanks to the increased use of sr
to access and produce
These networks generate tags with tLd evenf s geotocaiion. rne new technique ,,automatically
res land uses in urban areas by
determines bv grouping
srounino together oe^orrnhinql regions
toqether geographical .rirL similar
raoinn" with --*-... ;of
oi-ir.- pattems
Twitter activity," says the researcher. Using aggregarc activity ;ftweets, thJ Frias-Martinez siblings haye
studied land use in Manhattan, Madrid and London. In the fust two cases they identified four uses:
residential, business, dayime leisure (-,inly pad<s and tourist areas) and nightliie areas. The study
has
detemined lbat, in Madrid, nighttime tweet activity is concentrated oo *""Gods and in Manhattan,
on
weekdays. On the other hard, London is characterized by its tweeting activity in daytime leisure
areas.

16. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

(A) Many people like to use geolocation tags on Twitter.

(B) Infomration from social networks can be accessed rmiversally.
(C) Geolocalized tweets can be usefirl for urban planning.
@) Complex pattems of Twitter activities can finally be identified.
(E) Problems conceming urbanism are often neglected and forgotten.

17. The ar.thor's purpose in *riting the passage is to ....

(A) corrpare Facebook and Twitter users in temrs of geolocation tags.

(B) argue that social networks do not necessarily reflect users' activities.
(C) persuade people to stop using geolocation tags to protect their privacy.
(D) inform the possible use of Twitter data for studying and planning land use.
@) illustrate the urgency of solving various problerns conceming urban planning.

- 230 - /
Qonstanta 5em-2 & lntensil / 2t-22
 @x*m*,lm
1 8. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE about the study?

(A) It shows that people in London mostly tweet in dayime leisure areas.
(B) The focus of the study is land use in Manhattaq Madrid and London.
(C) Residential, business, dayime leisure and nightlife areas could be identified.
(D) Manhattan and Madrid's nighttime tweet activities are concentrated differently.
(E) The researchers could identifr four land uses in Manhattan, Madrid and London.

19. The tone of this passage is ....

(A) harsh
@) neutral
(C) critical
(D) didactic
(E) satirical

20. This text would probably be found in ....

(A) a popu.lar science nragazir:e

(B) a brochure
(C) an academic joumal
(D) a newsletter
(E) a tabloid

Text 5 reffiffiffiffiffiffiffim
. ":' .: r',:., ,-' aa.'- *Llri{ }f
By 2050, there will be anbthei wo to thiee 6illion peoplb oi Earttr. and the planetrs'p'dptfiI{tion will
consume twice as much food as now. For 50 year's farmland has grown at the cost of natural habitat and
biodiversity, and already more tban two+hirds of agricultural land is either in use or protected.
As a result, we need to develop the technology to double the output ofthe I 0 -i 5 main calorie crops,
particularly if we are to alleviate the burden on developing countries of feerting a rapidly growing
population, argues Jason Clay of the WWF in the journal Nature. He rnakes some strategic
suggestions
described as "food wedges" for Africa, the continent that frces the greatest challenge of L"r"uiiog food
production. Clay believes the responsible use ofgenetics is one ofthe keys. Mapping the genomes
of staple
food crops such as yams, plantains and cassava, and selecting usefui geneti -c trils, c-an both increase
production and inprove drought tolerance, disease resistance and nuhient content.
Irproving agricultural inputs and practices is also essential, he argues. It currently takes one liter
of water to produce one calorie of food. Even if we halved water use and doubled pioductioq food
deficiency would still increase fourfold. Technologies already exist to achieve this, but in Afrca they have
often not been taken up. Mulching, for example, can help rebuild soil fertility and reduce water usage, and
is zuitable for use even in household gardens, without need for high-tech tools.

21. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?

(A) To classif, the tlpe oftechnology used for soil fertility.

(B) To inform the .langer ofpopulation explosion in the future.
(C) To argue for the value of increased food production prospects.
(D) To explain the need for cassava as the main crop in the future.
(E) To persuade for the development of right technology for agriculture.

- 23L - /
Qonstdnto Sem-2 & tntensil / 2t-22
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22. Paraga.phs 1 and 2 are related in that paragraph I ....

(A) discusses population impacts; paragraph 2 offers tecbnological solutions

(B) sets the challenging situation; paragraph 2 is on the need of technology
(C) explains population growth paragraph 2 develops areas of agriculture
(D) exposes the irnpacts of agriculture; paragraph 2 restores the damage
(E) outline the population growt\ parugraph2 says its consequences

23. The word "they" in '... but in Atrica they have often not been taken up.' paragraph 3 refers to ....

(A) technologies
(B) food deficiency
(C) agricultural inputs
(D) double production
(E) household gardens

24. A11 ofthe following atternpts are potential to increase food production in the fuh]re except ....

(A) sequencing the right genomes of staple crops

(B) conducting careful, attentive selection ofmain crops
(C) maximizing the use oftechnology to the crop output
@) coryost making with chemical fertilizers in combir:ation
(E) culrivating the likelv eenetic traiffi_6m6"ffi
{ td &ffi & &s,@" *
&* .@dB
:sel6:]{q* grya &* **__a
rr sBM -a*,"{
25. Theauthorviewsrhatfoodp6*{ofi9ddrsi'&ffi qo,'ffi tr
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(A) consider the environmeniil arySct\ ,, ,. ....-*.
(B) focus on the availability oi#ter supplj
' :i-:
:: : ffi**[ .

(C) always be based on new staple crops

(D) relieve a burden for developing countries
(E) incorporate technology to maximize oueut

Text 6
Passage A
Soaring carbon emissionstom a mrcat-hungry developing world could be cut back substantially by
ilryroving animal breeds and feed, according to a study. It is estimated that livestock farming contributes
cent of tlre world's greenhouse gas emissions. Demand for livestock products is predicted to
18-5,1 e_er
dou!]e by 2O50 as a resrlt of growing populations, urbanizations, and better income in the developing
world, utich will cause emissions to rise.
The study, published in the Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Science, suggests that 12 per
cent ofthe total livestock-rclated emissions in 2030 could easily be curtailed with simple-i*mprovements
in
production. These include: switching to more nutritious pasture grasses; supplementing
ilvestock dias
based on gra.ss with srnall amounts of crop residues or grains; restoring degraaea grazin! hnds; growing
trees tlat trap carbon *trile producing leaves tlat livestock could eat; ana adopting more pioductive
breeds.
"Organizations from the West; especially the World Watch Institute, have continued to
blame
livestock-keeping for being one ofthe major polluters ofthe world, yet livestoci< keeping's positives
by far
outweigh the negatives," said Mario Herrera, co-author ofthe paper and u r"oio.."i"rt]rt ut Intemational
Livestock Research Institute.

-z3z- Qonstonta / Sem-2 & tntensil / 2t-Zl

 &*s*xt"kq
Passage B
Livestock farmers in developing countries have relatively small environrnental footprint and their
animals provide them with food, income and transport for their crops, said John Byron. "What these farmers
need are technological options and economic incentives that help them i*ensifu their production in
sustainable ways," he added.
Steinfeld, coordir:ator of the Livestock, Envhonment and Development Initiative at the Food ard
Agriculture Organizatioq said: "If one were able to connect this to smallholder development by making
poor farmers benefit through the possibility ofcarbon offsets and carbon markets, that would indeed create
a win-win situation where one would have socioeconomic benefits, targeting poor people, while reducing
the carbon'hoofprinf i.e. the carbon footprint of livestock',.
Improving livestock production should be done to improve livelihoods and not just for climate
reasons, said Kirtana Chandrasekaraq food campaigner for Friends of the Earth. She added tbat intensive
agriculture also contributes to biodiversity loss so "it's very dangerous" just to look at lowering emissions
u{ren tlere's a whole host of other factors affecting improvement in livestock farming,,.

26. Which of following statements can be hypothetically figured out based on tle ir:formation in these tw.o
texts?

(A) The inclease in population, urbanizatioq and eamings leads to the higher demard for livestock
: consiiryii<jn, and thus the higher
carbon emissions.
(B) The significant increase
activities, including the
(C) Desirable livestock
of biodiversity, and
(D) Whateverthe technological attempts are made to improve livestock production to meet the people,s
demand, higher carbon emissions will constantly increase.
(E) Although it affects positively the poor's socioeconomic status, livestock farming activities
negatively hfluence biodiversity as well as global climate condition.

27. The following ideas reflect opiniors in the two texts, EXCEpT ....

(A) Better management in livestock farming links to less gas emissions.

(B) Better life quality should also result from improved livestock farrning.
(C) Sustainable livestock fanning potentially leads to low carbon emissions.
(D) In spite of its carbon emissions, livestock frrming gives more advantages.
(E) Livestock industries have affected greenhouse gas emissions significantly.

28. It can be concluded from the two texts that cattle productions are considered 'successful, ifthey ....

(A) contribute more to economic benefits for the humans' livelihood.

(B) address reduction of carbon emissions, biodiversity and better quality oflife.
(C) result from provisions of appropriate technology a:rd economic motivations.
(D) are controlled from the side of economic and technological management.
(E) consider both tecbnology and natural frctors affecting livestock firming.

- 233 - Qonstanta / Sem-2 & lntensil / 2t-22

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29. The argument for livestock farming in the fust text differs significantly from that in the second text, in
that the frst text deals with ....

(A) seven minor topics; the second three minor ones.

(B) three major topics; the second five major ones.
(C) one general topic; the second two minor ones.
(D) two major topics; the second three rrajor ones.
(E) eight minor topics; the second six minor ones.

30. The theme of these two texts would most likely be ....

(A) research for better livestock farming

@) livestock farming and carbon emissions
(C) livestock as a top source of air pollution.
(D) argurnents for sustainable livestock farming
(E) cutting carbon emissions in livestock frrming

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***st y*tir les**n 1,.,:,,., :,:..: .:.
3&cXlH l

- 234 - Qonstontd / Sem-2 & lntensil / 27-22

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LATIIIAN UTBK 4
TEXT 1

The cause of tooth decay is acid, which is produced by bacteria in the mouth. The acid removes
minerals from tooth enamel, allowing tooth decay to begiq the saliva in your mouth encourages
remineralization and neutralizes the acid. The rate at which bacteria in the mouth produce acid depends on
ttre amount ofplaque on the teetl5 the composition of the microbial flora, and vihether the bacteria of the
plaque have been "primed" by frequent exposure to sugar. To keep your teeth healthy, a regular dental
hygiene program should be followed.
Removing plaque with a toothbrush and dental floss temporarily reduces the numbers of bacteria
in the mouth and thus reduces tooth decay. It also makes the surfaces ofthe teeth more accessible, enabling
saliva to neutralize acid and remineralize lesions. If fluoride is present in drhking water when teeth are
forming, some fluoride is incorporated into the enamel of the teeth, making them more resistant to attack
by acid. Fluoride toothpaste seems to act in another way, by promoting the remineralization ofearly carious
lesions.
Ilr addition to a regular dental hygiene program, a good uay to keep your teeth healthy is to reduce
your intake of sweet food. The least cavity-causing way to eat sweets is to have them with meals and not
between. The number of times you eat sweets rather than the total amount determines how much harmfirl
acid the bacteria in your saliva produce. But the amoud of sweets influences the quality of your saliva.
Avoid, if you can, sticky sweets that stay in your moutl a long time. Also try to brush and floss your teeth
after eating sugary foods. Even rinsing yow mouth with water is effective. Whenever possible, eat foods
with fiber, such as raw carrot
Cavities can be greatly reduced

1. W}at is the topic ofthe text above?

; .,:
(A) The cause of tooth decay
(B) Good nutrition
(C) The relation between tooth decay and bacteria
@) Ways to keeping your teeth healthy
(E) Dental hygiene program for tooth

2. Food with fiber are probably.. .

(A) Decay
(B) Sticky
(C) Abrasive
(D) Sugary
(E) Expensive

J. The author of the passage states that the amount of acid produced by the bacteria in your saliva
increases...

(A) with the number of times you eat sugary food

(B) with the amount of sour you eat
(C) with the amount of sweet you eat
(D) with the amount of enamels on the teeth
@) if teeth are dirty

- 235 - Qonstanto / Sem-2 & lntensil / 2t-22

 &n',*r-t-1,,*-e
4. What does the word "if in line 8 refer to?

(A) Removal ofplaque

(B) Plaque
(C) Bacteria
(D) Toothbrush
@) Teeth decay

5. According to the passage, the benefit of fluoride to healthy teeth is. ..

(A) It makes teeth strong

(B) It stimulates saliva production
(C) It strengthens tooth enamel
(D) It removes minerals from tooth enamel
(E) It helps to reduce tooth decay

6. The word "carious" in paragraph 2 most nearly means.. .

(A) vicious
(B) decompo sition
(C) spitefrrl
(D) decay
(E) sti*
TE)rT 2

If you're constantly tossing and tuming at night, or waking up in a rotten mood, you could have a
sleep disorder and our busy, modem-day lifestyles are partially to blame, according to expeds. One in four
adults rnto has frequent sleep difficulties use the intemet atnost every night before bed, and one in five
people reports that long work hours prevent them from a good night's resl, a2016 sleep health report by
the University of Adelaide found.
Countless studies have also lbked poor sleep to diabetes, heart problems and obesity. Thoracic a:rd
sleep specialist Dr Justin Hundloe said there is a two-way relationship between sleeping problems and poor
health. "There's an increasing recognition that poor sleep can impact chronic or pain conditions. This wav,
the presence of chronic pain can impact the quality of sleep that an individual gets," he told The New Daily.
The growing problem is such a concem that the Australian govemment has set up a parliamentary
inquiry investigating our sleep healti, and its impact on society and the economy. So far, there have been
129 submissions to the inquiry from medical professionals, health groups, patients and the public - with
hearings taking place around the country since February 2019. "Increasingly, Australians are balancing
their work, family, and social cornnitments by cutting back on sleep," Liberal MP and chair of the sleep
inquiry committee Trent Zimmermar! said. "And it is not just adults, for young people spending increased
time on the intemet, playing digital games, and social networkrng can come at the expense of sleep," he
added.
On Friday, the Sleep Health Foundation released new data showing that some older Australians
report considerably less sleep-related fatigue and iritability than people under 65 - the figures came from
a sample of 1011 Australians across all age groups. "I think many people will be happy to know that
increasingly tiredness and fatigue are not an inevitable consequence of getting older," Professor Robert
Adams from the foundation said. "In fact your sleep can actually improve with age."

-236- Qonstdnta / 5em-2 & lntensif / 27-22

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7. In the last part ofthe passage, Professor Robert Adams from the Sleep Health Foundation said, ,,In fact
your sleep can actually improve with age" which is supposed to mean tl,rat

(A) our sleeping habit has a direct effect on our lifespan.

(B) our longevity irnproves hand in hand with sleeping pattem.
(C)problems with sleep will be reduced when we get old.
(D)the older we get, the more sleep problers we will suffer from.
@) old people have more difficulties in sleep other than do the yo,'''ger

8. The phrasal words "this way" (paragraph l) should be

(A) And also

@) Vice versa
(C) Additionally
(D) However
(E) NO CIIANGE

9. The word "hearing" (paragraph 3) has similar meaning to

(A) listenings
(B) the sounds ofone's sleep
(C) voicings
(D) the cures
(E) investigations

10.

(A) factual
(B) evasive
(C) virtuous
(D) laudatory
(E) judgmental

TEXT 3

Our ancestors destroyed most of our tratural areas before anyone had a chance to study or try to
understand them. As a result, we have lost the opportunity to leam about these areas and the benefits and
opportunities they might have yielded. Today our remaining mtural areas serve important roles in the study
of ecology, botany, zoology, geology, and soil science. They provide controls for cornparison against
managed or exploited resources. They also provide usefirl educational and cultural hformation important
in the study of science, local history, conservation and nature studies such as birrcl watching, insect study
and tree identification.
Preservation of natural areas also provides many practical benefits. For example, natural areas
contain the biological raw rnaterial necessary for the development ofproducts that could
$eatly benefit the
health and well-being ofman. A new wonder drug or fine industrial product may now exist only in some
incorspicuous organism harbored in a nature preserve. Up to approximately half of the drugs crmently in
use contain derivatives of wild plants, yet only a small percentage of all plants have been investigated for
their potential in such uses. The need to protect the remaining 98 percent ofnatural areas gntil they can be
researched is obvious.

- 237 - Qonstonta / Sem-2 & tntensif / 2t-22

 &nir:":'-H
From a genealogical standpoint, we have roots linking us to our ancestors. With so many of our
nahfal areas now gone, fhose ihat rerrain are a vital link to the past. They can help us and future generations
better understand the landscape and rmtural resources from which the pioneers moulded their lives.
Certainly, one of the most important benefits to be derived from natural areas is the perceptive-
recreational benefit they provide. This is evidenced by the increasing numbers of people tuming to the
nature preserves in order to escape briefly from the hustle-bustle of fast paced society. The quiet enjoyment
of nature celms the monotony in our daily lives whether from skyscrapers and pavement or unbroken
horizons of com and beals. Healthy natural areas can offer substantial economic bensfits to our
communities, as well. Wetlands, for example, heh with flood protection and ttre removal ofpolh*ants from
our uater supply.

11. Paragra.ph 4 implies that....

(A) the number of people tuming to the nahre presewes becomes more and more
@) we cannot see any skyscrapers and trnvement due to natural preservation
(C) preservation of natural areas can help us throw away our stressfii days
(D) nature preserves briefly lighten busy life ofurban environment
(E) quiet enjoyment ofnature creates better daily lives

12. The sentence "Our ancestors destroyed most of our natural areas before anyone had a chance to study
or try to understand them". in line 1 can best be restated as ....

(A) after we had an opportunity to deeply study our natural areas, most ofthem had
ow ancestors
(B) we had an opportunity to deeply
by our anceston
(C) most of our natual areas had been destroyed by our ancestors, besides, we had an opportunity to
deeply study them
(D) before most ofour natuml areas had been destroyed by our ancestors, we had had an opportunity
to deeply srudy them
(E) we might bave had an opportunity to deeply study our natural areas if most of them had not been
destroyed by our ancestors

13. Which ofthe following obviously shows the author's bias about natural areas?

(A) As a result, we have lost the opportunity to leam about these areas and the benefits and opportunities
they might have yielded.
(B) Wedands, for example, help with flood protection and the removal of pollutants from our water
supply.
(C) The need to protect the remaining 98 percent until they can be researched is obvious.
(D) With so many ofour natural areas now gooe, those that remain are a vital link to the past.
(E) Preservation ofnahrral areas also provides many practical benefits.

14. The organizatronal pattem ofpassage is ....

(A) listing order

(B) time order
(C) classification
(D) cause-effect
(E) comparison-contmst

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 @nr,r:s:m
TEXI 4

The woman's position in Turkey had changed relatively little since the days ofthe Prophet. Despite
growing discussion of her predicament, both before and after the reign of Abdul Hamid, she still lived
subject to the rules of Islam, in a seclusion which amounted at its worst to personal slavery and at its best
to virtual segregation from the outside world. The average Ottoman Turlg in his masculine pride and
possessiveness, chose still to see women as the ir:ferior sex, deficient in morality and self-respec! requiring
protection by the male against her own weaker instincts. It had become a collective as well as a personal
duty to supervise her behavior. Not merely the husband and father and brotler but the whole street, the
whole neighborhood was concemed to watch over her, making sure that her limbs were totally and decently
covered and intent to catch her out if she seemed to step outside the narrow path the society laid dor.r,n for
her. In Constantinople no woman might be seen walking in ttre street or driving in a carriage with a rnan,
even if he were her husband. If they went out together he was obliged to walk ahead, disregarding her.
Never did she appear with him at social gatherings; thus there was in effect no mixed Moslem society. On
trams and boats there was a curtair:, to divide women from men. Lr girls' schools, when feminine education
was introduced, the only male teachers were eruruchs. In the theatre the female parts were played by men,
as in Elizabethan England, or by Cbristian women. When women were eventually allowed into the audience
it was on certain ladies' days set aside for them. only in parts of Amtolia, among the peasant.y, were
women freer, and indeed often wleiled before all but strangers. For (thanks sometimes to the influence of
the brotherhoods) the peasants were often less orthodox in their customs, and moreover their women bad,
for economic reasons, to work in the fields and perfonn other outdoor tasks for the family living.

t5. Ttre passage orair y tells us aboul

(A) the rules of Islam as opposed to those of Christianity.

@) the social restrictions in the 19th century.
(C) life in the villages as opposed to that in the towns.
(D) the inferior status of women in the Ottoman period.
(E) the similarities and differences between the two sexes.

16. What was impossible to see or witness in tlte social life of the Ottoman capital city of istanbul?

(A) Dividing curtains in trams and boats

(B) Moslem women watching a play in a theatre house
(C) Sexually potent rnale teachers in girls' schools
(D) Christian women on ladies' days in theatre houses
(E) A man accompanying his wife, though pretending to disregard her

17. The average Ottornan Turk felt himself

(A) superior because women required protection against other men.

(B) unable to acquire a masculine pride and selfrespect.
(c) condernned to keep his wife or wives in virtual segregation from the outside world.
(D) obliged to marry four women.
(E) responsible to decide what should and what should not be corsidered proper conduct for women.

- 239 - Qonstanta / Sem-2 & tntensil / 2t-22

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period would be
18. The best phrase to describe women's situation in tlle Ottoman

(A) socially oPPressed

(B) delivered from bondage
(C) traditionallY resPected
(D) la*firlly emanciPated
(E) righttully segregated

19. Women in villages

(A) were peasants only in parts of Anatolia

(B) had somewhat more liberal customs
(C) did not wear veils at all.
@) influenced the brotherhoods.
(E) were sexuallY emanciPated.

TEXT 5

Ecosystemsarecomposedoforganismsinteractingwitheachotherandwiththeirenvironment
as the cycling of elements' emerge' The
such that eoergy is exchanged and systeil-level processes, such
i. u""o." il Biology and Ecoiogy, serving as the level of biological environment. As
*"( ""o.y.t"-. *" "oo""pt
""orv.t"- a level above thal of ecologicai community (organisms of different
specjes-inleracting
the biosphere. Essentially, biomes are
Jtfr'"u"n o*r"r; but are at a level below, or e[ual to, biomes and
regional ecosysiems, and the biosphere is the largest ofall possible ecosystems'
- E"o.y.t"." include living o.ganisms, Ihe dead organic matter produced by thetn, the abiotic
(soils, water, atmosphere), and thc
environment within which the o.gluni#. liys ard slghenge elements
that living_organisms'gontinually
interactions between these compolnents. Ecosystems enibody the concept
with_emergent properties,
interact with each other and with the environment to produce complex systems
,the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" and "everything is connected".
such that
The spatial boundaries, component o'g-i'-' and the matter and energy content and fl.ux within
ecosystems rny be defined and measured. Howlver, unlike organisms
or energy, ecosystems are fuherently
differently'
rr, ,a"t different observers may legitimately define their boundaries and components
-
""""wt
F;; ;th
a single patch of trces togetfier the ioil, organisms and atmosphere interacting with them
may"*'"-pi",
defi_ne a forest yet thI entircty of ul ot_gury*:, their environment, and tleir interactions
"cosy.ter4 ecosystern Some
u".1.. uo entire forested regionin the Amazon might also be defined as a single forest
have even called the interacting system of organisms that live within the guts of most animals as an
despite their resideice within a single organisn:, which violates the
levels of organization
""oryu"oL betwien ecosystem components are as much a part of
definition of ecosystems. Moreover, interactions
Despite the apparent
definition of ecosystems as their constituent organisms, matter and energy.
contradictions that result Iiom the flexibility ofthe ecosystem concept, it
isjust this flexibility tllat has made
it such a usefirl and enduring concept.

20. The writer's purpose in writing the text is to ""

(A) clariff that ecosystems are multifaceted
(B) enrphasize the importance ofintegrated studies on ecosysterns
(C) define what ecosystems are
(D) differentiate between organisms and ecosystems
(Ej explain ecosystems as an important subject to leam

-24o- Qonstanto / Sem-2 & tntensil / 27'22

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2 l. What is the topic of the text above?

(A) Components of environments.

(B) A definition of ecosystems.
(C) Importance of ecosystems.
(D) Ecosystems and environments.
(E) Interactions among organisms.

22. Which ofthe following best explains the meaning ofthe word "abiotic" (gtar.2)?

(A) Resulting in non-living things

(B) Affected by living things
(C) Relating to nonJiving things
(D) Influenced by surrounding living things
(E) Dealing with livi:rg things

23. The pronoun "them' (par. 2) refers to ....

(A) organisms
(B) interactions
(C) ecosystems
(D) elements
(E) concponents

24. The second paragraph irnplies the presence ofthe idea of ....

(A) biological classifi cations

(B) natural interdependency
(C) cooperative principles
(D) environmental fragmentation
(E) sophisticated life-cycles

25. The following terms are applicable to ideas of ecosystems according to the text, EXCEpT ....

(A) microscopic
@) interconnected
(C) multi-interpretative
(D) biological
(E) mutual

TEXT 6

Infections with Ebola virus are acute. There is no carrier state. Because tlle natural reservoir ofthe
virus is unknown, the marurer in which the virus first appears in a human at the start ofan outbreak has not
been deterrnined. However, researchers have hypothesized that the first patient becomes infected through
contact witlr an infected anirral.
After the first case-patient in an outbreak setting is infected, the virus can be transmitted in several
ways. People can be exposed to Ebola virus fiom direct contact with the blood and/or secretiors of an
infected person. Thus, the virus is often spread tkough families and friends because they come in close
contact with such secretions when caring for infected persons. People can also be exposed to Ebola virus
tbrough contact with objects, such as needles, that have been contaminated with infected secretions.

-241- Qonstonto / Sem-2 & lntensil / 22-22

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Nosocomial transmission refers to the spread ofa disease within a health-carc setting, zuch as a
clinic or hospital. It occurs frequently during Ebola IIF outbreaks. It includes both types of trarsmission
described above. In African health-care ficilities, patients are often cared for without the use of a rrask,
gown, or gloves. Exposure to the virus has occurred ufien health care workers treated individuals with
Ebola IIF without wearing ttrese types of protective gl61hing. In addition, vfoen needles or syringes are
used, they may not be of the disposable tlpe, or may not have been sterilized, but only rinsed before
reinsertion into multi-use vials of medicine.

26. The part following the passage likely discuss about .. ..

(A) ways to locate source ofnosocomial trarsmission

(B) directions to carefirlly exploit the virus for medical purpose
(C) hints to improve conditions of African healthcare facilities
(D) details to prevent the occurrence ofnosocomial infections
(E) procedures to sterilize medical equipment thoroughly

27. In other words, the sentence 'Nosocomial transmission refers to the spread ofa disease within a health-
care setting, such as a clinic or hospital." @aragraph 3) may be restated as ....

28.

(A) close contact with patients is the most frequent infected by Ebola virus . .

(B) health clinics have no clinical standardd in handling Ebola virus-infected patients
(C) health workers wear inappropriate protective clothing irr African health facilities
(D) any object owned by patients can be sources of exposure to the Ebola virus
(E) at the beginning of its outbreak, animals became the host of the Ebola virus

29. In presenting the ideas, the writer starts by ....

(A) revealing the first case of the Ebola virus infecting humals
(B) stating how the first Ebola virus infection on human took place
(C) exposing how acutely the Ebola virus infects patients
(D) describing no clear date about the first outbreak of the virus infection
(E) affimring the confirsion ofresearchers about the unknown virus

- 242 - Qonstonta / 5em-2 & lntensif / 27-22

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LATIHAN UTBKs
TEXT 1

Floods are second only to fire as the most common of all nahual disasters. They occur alrnost
everywhere in the world, resulting in widespread damage and even death. Consequently, scientists have
long tried to perfect their ability to predict floods. So far, the best that scientists can do is to recognize the
potential for flooding in certain conditions. There are a number of conditions, from deep snow on the ground
to human error. lhat cause flooding.
When deep snow melts, it creates a large amount ofwater. Although deep snow alone rarely causes
floods, when it occurs together with hear,y rain and sudden warmer weather, it can lead to serious flooding.
If there is a fast snowmelt on top of frozen or very wet ground, flseding is more likely to occur than when
the grorurd is not frozen. Frozen ground or ground that is very wet and already satuated with water cannot
absorb the additional water created by the melting snow. Melting snow also contributes to high water levels
in rivers and streams. Whenever rivers are already at their fi:ll capacity of water, healy rains will result in
the rivers overflowing and flooding the surrounding land.
Rivers that are covered in ice can also lead to flooding. When ice begir:s to melt, the surface ofthe
ice cracks and breaks into large pieces. These pieces of ice move and float down the river. They can forrn a
dam in the river, causing the water behind the dam to rise and flood the land upstrearn If the dam breaks
suddenly, then the large amotrnt ofwater held behind the dam san fl6sd ths areas downstream too.
Broken ice darns are not the only dam problerns that can cause flooding. When a la1ge human-made
da- b1er1. o. ru'ls to hold the water collected behind it, the results can be devastating;. Dans coirtain such
huge amounts ofwater behind them. Ifsudden break occurs, the destructive force ofthe water is like a great
tidal wave. Unleashed dam water can travel ters of ki-lometers, cover the ground in meters of mud and
debis, and drowo and crush every things and creature in their patb,
Although scientists caonot always predict exactly when floods will occur, they do lnow a great deal
about when floods are likely, or probably, going to occur. Deep snow, ice-covered rivers, and weak dains
are all strong conditions for potential flooding. Hopefully, this knowledge of *fiy floods happen can help
us reduce the damage they cause.

1 . The following statement is TRLIE according to the 2nd paragraph . . . .

(A) Flooding occurs when melting snow makes the level ofa river rise.
(B) Pieces of ice move and float down the river, making the water too cold.
(C) Melting snow causes pieces of ice to block the river, which causes flooding.
(D) Melting deep snow together with healy rain rarely cause flooding
(E) Crround saturated by water will easily absorb melting snow

2. The word "debris" in paragraph 4 is closest inmeaningto....

(A) residue
(B) leftovers
(C) wreckage
@) leavings
(E) garbage

- 243 - Qanstantd / Sem-2 & lntensil / 27-22

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3. The purpose of the writer is?

(A) to criticize the scientists

(B) to clarifu the impacts of flooding
(C) to ask for actiors to help flooding victims
(D) to inform the readers on how to stop flooding
(E) to explain the conditions that can cause flooding

4. It can be concluded from the text that the scientists

(A) are required to provide some help r.dren flooding occurs

(B) believe that floeding is the most common natural disaster
(C) have sufficient knowledge to recognize potential flooding conditions
(D) have come very close to knowing when floods will occur
(E) are trying to reduce damage caused by floods

5. The best title of the passage is....

(A) Damages Caused by Flood

(B) Prevention of Potential Flooding
(C) Scientists' Ability to Prcdict Floods
(D) The most Common Natural Dsast€r
(E) Potential Circumstances for Floodirg

TEXT 2

Delivering medicine to the world's poorest people is a challenge. Ho! poor places zuch as Tanzania
have many microbes but microscopic health budgets. Dangerous myths deter many sick rural folk from
seeking medical help. Even ifthey do seek help, it is often rmavailable, for they do not have the money to
pay for it, and their goverffnent rarely bas the money to give it to them for free. Because they cannot afford
adequate health care, poor people are sick a lot of the time. And because they are sick a lot of the ime, they
fird it hard to put in the long hours of productive labor that might make them less poor.
AII hope is not lost, however. A recent experiment in Tanzania has shown that a small health budget
can go a long way, provided that the money is spent with care. With the help of a Canadian charity, the
Tanzanian health ministry set up a health proj ect in two rural districts, with a cornbined population of about
700,000. Five years ago, annual health spending inTanzania was about 8 a head. This figure included an
estimate for the aruual cost of trained staff. The charity added 2 a head to the pot, on condition that it was
spent rationally. By this, the donors meant that the amount of money spent on fighting a particular disease
should reflect the burden that disease imposed on the local population.
This may sound obvious; however, in this regioq no one had a clue which diseases caused the most
trouble first task was to find out. Researchers were sent out to carry out a door-to-door suruey, asking
so the
representative households whether anyone had been ill or died recently, and if so with what symptoms.
These raw numbers were then cnrnched to produce a 'burden of disease' profile for the two districts. In
other words, researchers sought to measure how rnany years oflife were being lost to each disease, including
the damage done to families when breadwinners die.

-zM- Qonstdntd / km-2 & lntensil / 27-22

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They then cornpared their results with the amount spent by the local health authorities on each
disease and iound that it bore no relation whatsoever to the harm which the disease inllicted on local
people.
Some diseases were horribly neglected, such as malaria, which accounted for 30% of the years of
life lost
but only 5% ofthe health budget. Other conditions, meanwhile, attracted more than their fair share ofcash.
Tuberculosis, **rich accounted for less than 40 of years of life lost, received 22% of the budget'
This tiny infusion of cash from the Carurdians, in the form of an extra 2 a head, was enough to allow
the districts health authorities to make their spending reflect the disease burden. The rezults of all
this were
stunning. Infant mortality fell by 28% between 1999 and 2000 and the proportion of children dying before
their fifth birthday dropped bY 14%.

6. What can be infened from paragraph 1?

(A) People in African countries do not go to docto$ due to perilous myth

(B) The budget for health in Tanzania is low as there aren't many diseases'
(C) When people itTanzania ate siclg they have no hope to recover.
(D) Lr Tarzania medical treatment is accessible for the poor.
(E) Poverty and illness in Tanzania are like a vicious cycle.

7. Which of the following statements about the text is FALSE?

(A) The amount of budget allocated to each disease depended on how hamrfrrl a disease was
(Bj The budget allocated for each person included the training cost for the medical staff.
(C) The presence of mlth in Tanzania may have discouraged people to go to doctors'
(D) The additional amount donated by th6 Canadian charity rlas carefully spent' ,
'

(Ej a serious aisease probably affected not only the patient but also the family' i

8. The terma burden of disease' in paragraph 3 mears?

(A) a disease is burdensome for the poor

(B) the worse the disease the more the burden
(C) the relative effects of different diseases on a society
(D) a disease affects not only the sick but also the breadwir:ner
(E) each society and frmily has its own burden caused by disease

9. The most suitable title for the text is?

(A) A Survey on the Health Condition in Tarzania.

(B) The General Health Condition of Tanzanian People
(C) The Effects ofan Aid Package from a Canadian Charity
(D) Deadly and Vinrlent Diseases Found among the Tanzanian
(E) The Difference a Small Increase in a Tiny Health Budget can Make

10. The purpose of the writer in writing this article is probably to ?

(A) invite donors to donate money to countries in need ofcash

(B) show how generous foreign institutions can be tn helping other countries
(C) persuade other countries to copy the Tanzanian model
@) show how the money is spent is more irtportant than how much is spent
(E) explain the types of diseases people can find in Tanzania

- z45 - Qonstontd / *m-2 & lntensil / 27'22

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TEXT 3
Parents send their children to school with the best of intentiors, believing that formal education is
what kids need to become productive, happy adults. Many parents do have qualms abortthow well schools
are performing, but the conventional wsdom is that these issues can be resolved with more money, better
tea&ers, more challenging curricula, or more rigorous tests. But what if the real problem is school itselfl
The unfortunate frct is that one of our most cherished institutions is, by its very nature, failing our children
and our society.
Childien are required to be in school, where their freedom is greatly restricted, far more than most
adults would tolerate in their workspaces. In recent decades, we have been compelling them to spend ever
more time in this kind of setting, and there is strong evidence that this is causing psychological damage to
many of them. And as scientists have investigated how children naturally learr5 they have realized that kids
do so most deeply and firlly, and with greatest enthusiasnl in conditions that are alnost opposite to those of
school.
Coryulsory education has been a fixture of our culture now for several generations. President
Obama and Secretary of Education Ame Dr.mcan are so enamored of it that they want even longer school
days and years. Most people assume that the basic design of today's schools emerged from scientific
widence about how children leam. But nothing could be further from the truth-
Schools we know them today are a product of history, not of research. The blueprint for them was
developed during the Protestalt Reformatioq when schools were created to teach children to read the Bible,
to beliive Scripture without questioning it, and to obey authority figues without questioning them. When
schools were taken over by the staie, made compulsory, and directed toward secular ends, the basic structure
and methods of teaching remained unchanged. Subsequent attempts at reform have fiiled because they have
not altered the basic blueprint. The top down, teach-and-test method in which leaming is motivated by a
system of rewards and punishments rather fhan by curiosity or by any real desire to know, is well designed
for indoctrination and obedience training but not much else. It is no wonder that many ofthe world.ls greatest
entrepreneurs and innovators either le& school early (like Thornas Edison) or said they hated school and
leamed despite it, not because of it (like Alben Einsiein).

11. Wtat is the topic ofthe text above?

(A) Restrictions on children's freedom at the US schools

(B) Parents' expectation on reformation in American school system
(C) Restrictions on children's freedom at the US schools
(D) Doubts on the effectiveness of American school systems
(E) Absence ofa research-based school system in the USA

12. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "qualms" (par. 1)?

(A) Doubts
(B) Requests
(C) Rernarks
@) Views
(E) Beliefs

13. What is the purpose ofthe text?

(A) To discuss ifthe American school system is tmly effective to educate children
(B) To remind American parcnts that the formal school is basically a product of cu.lture
(C) To tell the readers that forrnal schools in the USA have been constantly developed for a long time
(D) To review how compulsory education in the USA has met parents' expectation
(E) To describe how American children leam at school and inthe reallife settings.

- 246 - Qonstdnta / Sem-2 & lntensil / 27-22

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TEXI4
Meteorites are among the rarest materials that exist on earth-far less common than gold, diamonds,
or even emeralds. Therefore, the chances of discovering a new example are slim-even for those who make
their living hunting for and shrdying meteorites.
A specimen that is thought to be a meteorite, but turns out to be a common earth rock is
affectionately and humorously dubb ed. a meteor-wrong. The surface of our planet is rich in terrestrial iron
oxides zuch as magnetite and hematite (many of which will stick to a mapet), dark black rocks such as
basalt, and rrany different types ofman-made metallic by-products zuch as run off (slag) from old smelters
and cast offiron irrplements. AII ofthese materials are frequently mistaken for meteorites. Identification of
a genuine meteorite takes a practiced eye, but there are a number of simple tests that can help hopefirl rock
hounds determine if they have stumbled across a rare space rock, orjust a common earthbound stone.
Meteorites tend to look different from the ordinary terrestrial rocks arormd them They do not
contain the common earth mineral quartz, and in general do not contain vesicles. When gas escapes from
cooling molten material, it creates srnall pinprick holes in a rock's surface, The volcanic rock pumiie, often
used in skin care for the removal ofcalluses, contains vesicles, which is one ofthe reasons it ii very light in
weight. If a suspected .meteorite looks like a sponge, with lots of tiny holes. it is probably volcanic rock or
slag of earthly origin.

14. This passage would probably be assigned reading in which ofthe following course?

(A) Geology
(B) Geography
(C) Geophysics
(D)Geochemistry
@) Geomorphology

I 5. According to rhe text, which of the following sratemenrs is FALSE?

(A) Most meteorites lack substances usually found in rocks

(B) There are professionals who look for meteorites
(C) We can bardly find a meteorite around us
(D) A meteorite is less likely to have cavities
(E) Vesicles make a stone hefty

16. What is the author's purpose in writing this text?

(A) To explain to the readers how a rock can be mistaken for a meteorite
(B) To show how people use humor and science to rnake sense of the world
(C) To show readers that celestial objects are not easily found on earth
(D) To provide the readers with the basic knowledge of identif,ing a meteorite
(E) To educate the readers to have a trained eye to recognize meteorites and rocks

17. The tone of the author is best described as ...

(A) callous
(B) plaldrl
(C) acerbic
(D) persive
(E) pragmatic

- 247 - Qonstantd / Sem-2 & lntensil / 2t-22

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18. The most appropriate title for this passage is ...

(A) Visual Identification of meteor-wrongs.

(B) The Physical Structure of Kinds of Rocks
(C) Distinguishing Meteorites from Other Earthly Minerals
(D) Distinguishing Rare Outer Space Rocks on Earth
(E) The Difficulties of Finding the Right Method of Identification.

TEXT 5

More than a million people immigra.te to the United States to stalt new lives every year, and if they
are arriving in New York, one of the first sights that they will see is the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of
Liberty stands on Liberty Island, near Manhattan in New York. Though she is often thought to be resident
ofNew York, Liberty Island is actually federal property, rl*rich means that the Statue of Liberty belongs to
the whole country. The Statue of Liberty is not only the tallest statue in America, it is also one of the most
recognizable American symbols.
The Statue of Liberty is huge. From the tip ofthe torch to the pedestal on which she stands, she is
just over 151 feet tall. If you include the pedestal in your measurement, she stands more than 305 feet off
of the ground. That's more than 30 basketball hoops or an entire football field. Her waist size is 35 feet
which would make it awfirlly tough to find pants, and the tablet she holds is 23 feet long. Don't worry
though; she hasn't had any trouble holding that tablet yet with her 8 feet index finger. Talk about heary
handed. ..

Though America financed and built the pedestal on which the Statue of Liberty stands, the statue
itself was a gift from France. In diis ;iray'the corylete wor*,'nnrch'like'ifie'United States; i! arproalirct of
both American and French contributions. At one timJ Amcrica was,4rled by the British. Tle.,founding
fatbers of America chose to fight against Great Britain for the ir:dependence of their country. France
suppoded America by providing money, men, and weapons ofwar. IIad it not been for French contributions
during the Revolutionary War, America would not exist in the way that it does today; therefore, it is quite
fitting that the Statue ofliberty, which represents freedom, came to being by a joint American ard French
eflofi. On Octobq 28th, 1886, just over one-hundred years after America declared its independence from
Great Britain, the Statue of Liberty was coryleted and dedicated by its desiper, Fr6d6ric Auguste
Bartholdi.
Perhaps no person did more to bring the statue into being than Bartholdi. Not only did Bartholdi
gain both French and American approval for the projec! he led the French fundraising efforts and desiped
the appearance of the statue. The appearance of ttre Statue of Liberty is somewhat derived from Libertas,
the Roman goddess of freedom. The torch represents how liberty enlightens the world. The seven points or
rays coming from tle top ofthe crown represent tle surL the seven seas, the seven continents, and (as with
the torch) how liberty enlightens the world. Others also say, the seven points show tllat Lady Liberty is
divine. Though much of tlre statue was modeled after depictions of goddesses, Bartholdi modeled the face
after his mother. Now that's a Mother's Day gift that's hard to top.
Though Bartholdi was responsible for tle extemal appearance of statute, ttre internal desip can be
largely credited to innovative designer, Gustave Eiffel. Tho,''eh Mr. Eiffel is best known for his contributions
to a tower in Paris that is named after hinl he also engineered the intemal structure that holds up the Statue
ofliberty. Eiffel chose to use a flexible structure, so that changes in the temperature and strong winds from
the ocean would not cause the statue to crack. Because ofEiffel's crafty design, the Statue of Liberty may
sway as much as tkee inche on a windy day. If the winds exceed 50 miles per hour, the torch may sway
five inches. Eiffel is also responsible for including two spiraling staircases on the interior ofthe statue to
help visitors reach the observation point in the crown.

- 24A - Qonstanto / Sem-2 & lntensil / 27-22

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' While most people appreciate the Statue ofliberty today, during its construction in the 1870s, many
Americans were critical of the project. Some took issue with the fict that Bartholdi uas French. They
believed that American monuments should be designed and constructed by Americans. Others felt that the
statue wasn't much of a gift since it required Americans to foot the bill for the pedestal. After the Panic of
1873, America fell iato a deep economic depression that lasted through much of the 1870s. (During an
economic depression people qpend less money and it is harder to find jobs.) Because the nation was going
through a depression, many Americans thought that money should not be spent to support a giant French
statue. I think most Americans would now agree tlat it was a good inveshent.

19. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

(A) The Statue of Liberty is located in an island.

(B) The tablet tlat the Statue of Liberty holds is 23 feet long.
(C) The Statue of Liberty's waste size is 35 feet.
@) The pedestal udemeath the Statue of Liberty is 305 tall.
@) The Statue ofliberty is over 151 feet tall.

20. Which is not a reason why people criticized the Statue of Liberty during its construction?

(A) France assisted the United States in the Revolutionary War.

(B) The statue was a joint effort between France and the U.S. just like U.S. independence.
(C) The U.S. was once a colony of Great Britain.
@) The construction of the liberf statue once attracted criticisms
(E) The statue of liberty was dedicated 100 years after America declared its independence.

22. Which of the following is not one of the ways that Bartholdi contributed to the statue?

(A)He designed the interior of the statue

(B)He gained approval for the project from the U.S. and from France.
(C)He sculpted the exterior of the statue.
(D)He modeled the face oflady Liberty after his mother
@) He gained financing to complete the project from France.

23. Infonnation in the second paragraph is rnainly organized using which text structure

(A) Spatial order .

(B) Order of importance
(C) Listing order
(D) Chronological order
(E) Cause and effect

-249- Qonstanta/Sem-2&lntensil/27-22
 @r"r,*:*"'xs
24. Which best expresses the author's purpose in writing this text?
(A) To persuade people to visit the Statue oflibefy
(B) To criticize both the interior and exterior quality ofthe statue
(C) To inform readers with interesting frcts about the Statue of Liberty
@) To entertain readers with stories about the construction of the Statue of Liberty
@) To describe the appearance ofthe Statue of Liberty

25. Which is not related to tho seven points on the crown of the Statue of Liberty according to the text?
(A) The points represent how liberty enlightens the world
(B) The points represent the seven continents.
(C) The points rePresent the sun.
@) The points show tbat the Iady Liberty is divine.
@) The points represent tle seven days of creation.

TEXT 6
Singapore may be known for gliuering skyscrapers, glossy designer shops aud hosting power
meetings with intemational leaders, but the island nation's success could be due to another tour de force
altogether. The cormtry has a secret weapon: a salad. For each Chinese New Year, chefs throughout
Singapore create a raw-fish salad that when tossed is said to guarantee prosperity. You ll fild them bowed
orer theit chopping boards, slicing and dicing an array of flavourfirl ingredients, each of vihich embodies

trapped during a storm; while others say th4t yu sheng wqs crgale{ b7 fishermen in China's Gr:angzhou
'the
ptouir." who woua eat their catbh to oeldbrate "Hwian Dair 6iiil of man on the Giehth dav of the
Chinese New Year.
When the dish was brought to Singapore and Malaysia by Chinese immigrants in the 1930s, it
looked very little like the 'prosperity salad' that's tossed today. Back then the simple street food was sold
from hawker carts and served either Jiangmen-style, a small salad ofraw fisb, shredded einger, lettuce strips
and spring onion that the customer seasoned with salt, sugar and vinegar; or Teochew-style, where the
customer would wrap a piece of grass carp in a lettuce leaf. Both versions were available tlroughout the
year, but were most often ordered by people on Human Day since the chinese symbol for 'fish' also
represents 'abundance', so it's seen as a lucky food for mankind.
It remained taht way until Ioke Ching Fatt from Seremban in Malaysia created the original version
oflu sheng (yee sang) as early as the 1940s, which ins popular in Malaysia to fis day. Then in 1964, four
Singaporean chefs created a ew, more colourfrrl versiorg forthe island-state.
These chefs are held such high esteem in Singapore that they are known as the 'Four Heavenly
chefs, : Lau Yoke Pui, Tham Yui Kai, Hooi Kok wai and Sin Irong. Lau andTham have since sadly passed
away, but Sin, 91, and Hooi, 79, can still be found every day working at their bustling Red Star Restaurant
near River Valley which they have co-owned for the past 44 years.

26. The expression 'tour de force" (paragraph l) means

(A) point ofview

(B) Secret weapon.
(C) Cuisine
(D) Strenght
(E) Factor

- 250 - Qonstdnta / 5em-2 & lntensif / 27-22

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27. How did the dish gain the name "yu shengl'?

(A) A young couple survived a storm by only on fish and vinegar.

(B) A young couple survived a strom by waiting to celebrate Human Day with fish and vinegar
(C) "Yf' means fish and abundancg whilo "sheng" means raw and life
(D) Fislrerman ate fish and vinegar on strom
(E) Yu Sheng was named by ancestors

28. The text mainly talks about?

(A) The origin ofthe name 1u and sheng, after which Singaporean would name a raw-fish Salad.
(B) The popularity of yu sheng, a Singaporean raw-fish salad, from back then up to now
(C) The origin ofyu sheng, a raw-fish salad, native to Singapore
(D) The reason why gingapore gets fame with its yu sheng, a raw-fish salad.
@) The founding 'Masterchefs' with their great efforts to bring yu sheng, a raw-fish salad, into
existence in Singapore

29. How many style are there to enjoy the Prosperity Salad?

(A) 5
(B) 4
(c) 3
(D)2
(E) 1

- 25L - Qonstonta / Sem-2 & lntensif / 27-22

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LATIIIAN UTBK6

TEXT 1

Australia's largest pharmacy chain has been accused of shortchanging staff while creating a "toxic
culture" of sexual harassment, bullying and job insecurity. Workers at discount pharmacy juggemaut
Chemist Warehouse-which bills itself as "Australia's cheapest chemist" - began an "indefinite strike" on
Tuesday, accusing the multibillion-dollar family-owned company of underpaying pematrent and casual
staffby about 25 per cent compared to the industry standard. As many as 800 workers at three ofthe firm's
rnajor distribution centres in Victoria and Queensland are refising to rctum to work until demands for better
wages and conditions, securejobs and "respect: an end to the toxic culture of bullying and harassment" are
met.
"Chemist Warehogse relies on broken rules to keep workers in insecure work - about 70 per cent of
staffin distribution warehouses are labour hire casuals," an online petition set up by workers read. "Workers
are aftaid to speak out for fear of losing shifts. The workplace culture is toxic, with many ofus facing
bullying, intimidation and sexual harassment." The strike is expected to cause shortages of some products,
but medications will not be affected. Australian Council of Trade Unions (AC'I[) secretary Sally McManus
condemned the company's practice of using casual labour hire workers with few rights and low pay over
permanent staff in an address to protesters outside the firm's Preston warehouse on Tuesday."This is part
of the reason why we've got zuch low wages in ow corm@, because employers can use casual work and
of keeping wages low," Ms McManus said.
criticised the families behind the dollar discormt pharmacy empire for amassing vast
sums of money while workers st4lgglg{ with:iq!equtej.o!$e-n*1o(.pyr.On-qo&fbq@p*rwh6*S6r are
billionaires is because of atl oftheli/orli,lrihere;iit dre wSe$!!i-s$l' Sr.9, gaid,"fhi-s !9 an {raE1!e {rfiilrrate
greed gone crazy." Ms McManuidlii6'coiideiiifred the firrii'tdifailing*to aildi6ss sexudl hat'assmeiitin the
sexual harassmsnt in thisplaca. hep. i,s.gu.tl4gegus, and the fact t!9(t\iF-alnployer
.nst it says it all.'' Ms McManus said. ' : '" ':
It mears they are not treating you like human beings, with the digmty that you deserve as people.
"Instead of taking action and making this a safe site, what do they do with the labour hire workers? They
keep moving them on to ottrer sites. It is unacceptable." From discount chemist to Australia's rich list
Chemist Warehouse has previously drawn criticism for the aggressive tactics tlat underpin its low-cost
model, which some say rmdercut local pharmacists. Growing at "a rapid rate", Chemist Warehouse now
has more than 300 stores across Australia, attributing its success to "aggressive pricing and larger volumes
of trade", according to the company's website.
The chain was founded by Melboume pharmacist Jack Gance and business associate Mario
Verrocchi in 1973. The pair established the My Chemist Retail Group, which owns the Chemist Warehouse
and My Chemist chains. In 2018, Mr Gance ranked 93 on the Australian Financial Review's rich list with
a wealth of 9813 million. Mr Verrocchi followed in 94th place with an estimated wealth of $803 million.
My Chemist Retail Group makes "at least $100 million in annual profits", the A-FR said' The New Daily
contacted Chemist Warehouse for comment but did not receive a response.

1. The following shows a series of possibilities affected by the strikg either in the moment the strike
occurred or in the near future. Which one is less likely to happen?

(A) The corrpany policy will probably be analysed and refomred.

(B) The workers will get a raise from the company later on.
(C) Multivitamins and food supplements will not be produced for a while.
(D) High blood pressure pills are no longer rnanufactured.
(E) A fair payment system will be formulated in the company.

-252- Qonstontd / sem-2 & intensil / 27-22

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2. Besides the so-called "toxic culture", what else leads the workers of chemist warehouse to a strike?

(A) The pemranent workers are overpaid.

(B) The casual labour hire workers are underpaid.
(C)The pharrnacy has suspended the payment ofboth the permanent and the casual-labourbire workers.
(D)Both the permanent and the casual-labourhire workers are underpaid.
@) The perrnanent workers are overpaid, while the casual labour hire ones underpaid.

3. The word "underpin" is close in meaning with?

(A) Support
(B) Undergo
(C) Cease
(D) Cover
(E) Increase

4. The authofs vieupoint towards the issue could be described as?

(A) Concemed
(B)Ambivalent
(C)tudent
(D)Objective
ffi!e

TEXT 2
@) Bias
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AmAzoii. has removed at least two listinls for books containing nonscientific *cureirfii autisr&
including drinking and bathing in a bleach-like substance and !ppg1@ a drug used to treat lead p6isening.
Hs2ling the Symptorrs Known as Autism and Fight Autism and Win, both previouly on sale tlrough the
retail giant, were not ar.ailable on wednesday. The move comes around two weeks after Rep. Adam Schiff
@-Calif.) sent a letter to Amazon founder JeffBezos scolding him for doing little to combat some parents'
belief that vaccines cause autism. Schiff accused Amazon of "urfacing and recommending products and
content ttrat discourage parents fiom vaccinating their children,', and urged B€zos to find a way to
"distinguish quality information from misinformationor misleading information. "Activists have also
stepped up efforts to combat vaccine mishformation in light of a preventable nationwide measles outbreak.
The specific titles removed were scrutinized in a Monday article on Wired LIK which detaited the
volumes' medically questionable content. The outlet reported Amazon's digital shelves were "stacked high,,
with books recorrmending a strange array of unproven cures for autism .,including yoga, camel milk,
electroconwlsive therapy and veganism. "Another title mentioned by wired, The Miracle Mineral
Supplement of the 21st Century, was also unavailable. Arnazon confrmed to Humost that all tlree titles
had been removed but would not give a reason. Other books tlat seemed to rnake medically lnfognded
clairns about autism treatments were still easy to find on the site.
Healing the Symptoms Known as Autism recornmends tlat cbildren with autism drink and bathe in
chlorine dioxide, sometimes called a "Miracle Mineral Solution." It is commonly used as an industrial
cleaning agent that can cause dehydration and nausea ifingested. Fight Autisrn and Win instructs parents
to give autistic children repeated doses of DMSA, a drug used to treat lead poisoning but that the FDA
cautions can be dangerous if not taken under medical supewision.

-253- Qonstonta / sem-2 & intensil / 2t-22

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The Miracle Mineral Supplement of the 21st century, used as a general example of the type of
medical misinformation available on Amazon, alleged that chlorine dioxide could cure everything from
malaria to cancer. Wlfle there are accepted medical treatment options for autism, there is no known cure
Researchers have repeatedly disproven any link between childhood vaccinations and the onset of autism-
In 2010, the joumal The Lancet retracted a widely criticized study that it had published in 1998 and which
vaccine opponents had used to prove their fears were justified.
Although it rerrains a hugely popular bookseller, Amazon does not appear to have strict mles in
place to prevent sellers from using its platform to spread medically dangerous information. Wired IIK writer
ivlatt Reynolds explained how remarkably easy it was to list a book on the site. When Re1'nolds creaGd a
fake Kindle book titled How to Cure Autism: A Guide to Using Chlorine Dioxide to Cure Autism, the
fabricated volume was approved for sale "within two hours." The site's Kindle publishing service even
suggested a stock image showing a red "approved" stamp over the letters "FDA"

5. There is a strong relationship between the Amazoris book title removal and people's belief in the
vaccir:ation. Which of the following statements best describes the condition above?

(A) The book titles are misleading and herewith could discourage people from vaccinating their
children; hence the list should be removed from Amazon's catalogue
@) People rely greatly on vaccination to prevent autisrn for their children, while the books oftered
in
the Amazon's catalogue are considered as a threat against govemment program' Therefore, the book
lists should be removed from Amazon's catalogue'
(C) The titles of the books offered in the Amazon's catalogue are too which can ruin
people's positive view
(D) The book title removal
(E) The removal ofthe book guarantee to a
free from autisnr rhis way,peqple,p p.ryily1gt*lg:"Si"hitr d."
6. Which sentence shows the author's bias towards the issue?

(A) Amazon has removed at least two listings for books containing nonscientific "cures" for autisnl
including drinking and bathing in a bleachJike substance and ingestion a drug used to treat lead
poisoning
(B) Although it remains a hugely popular bookseller, Amazon does not appear to have strict rules in
place to prevent sellers from using its platforrn to qpread medically dangerous information.
(C) The specific titles removed were scrutinized in a Monday article on Wired Utr! which detailed the
volumes' medically questionable content.
(D) In 2010, the joumal The Lancet retracted a widely criticized study that it had published in 1998 and
which vaccine opponents had used to prove their fears were justified.
(E) Healing the Symptoms Known as Autism recommends that children with autism drink and bathe
in chlorine dioxide, sometimes called a "Miracle Mineral Solution."

7. The word "ingestion" should be replaced with?

(A) NO CIIANGE
(B) to ingest
(C) ingested
(D) Ingesting
(E) ingestion of

-254- Qonstdntd / sem-2 & intensil / 27-22

 fr* qonstanta
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8. As seen in the last part of paragraph 3, the link between childhood vaccinations and the onset of
autism...

(A) which had previously been proven wrong in the joumal The Lancet, was disproven by researchers
years later.
@) which had previously been disproven in the j oumal The Lancet, was proven right by researchers.
(C) which had previously been conlirmed as totally wrong in the joumal The Lance! was proven right
by researchers.
(D) which bad previously been released in the joumal The Lancet, was prcven wrong by researchers.
(E) which had previously been proved in the joumal The Lance! was confirmed by researchers years
later.

9. Which best describes the author's tone ofthe passage?

(A) objective.
(B) cynical
(C) informative
(D) concemed
(E) indifferent

TEXT 3

For a large part

procedue that involves forming a
away layers ofbone with a sharp have
been unearthed at archaeological still
do not completely agree on why our ancestors perfomred trepanation. Anthropologicai accounts of2oth-
Century trepanations in Africa and Polltesia suggest that, in these cases at least, trepanation was perfonaed
to treat pain - for irstance, the pain caused by skull traurna or neurological disease.
Trepanation may also have had a similar purpose in prehistory. Many trepanned skulls show signs of
cranial injuries or neurological diseases, often in the same region of the skull where the trepanation hole
was made. But as well ns lsing used to treat medical conditions, researchers have long suspected that
ancient humans performed trepanatiotr for a quite different reason: ritual. The earliest clear evidence of
trepanation dates to approxirnately 7,000 years ago. It was practiced in places as diverse as Ancient Greecg
North and South America, Afiica, Pollmesia and the Far East. People probably developed the practice
independently in several locations. Archaeologists have tumed up some of the best evidence for ritual
trepanation ever discovered.
Trepanation had been abandoned by rnost cultures by the end ofthe Middle Ages, but ttre practice was
still beine carried out in a few isolated parts of Africa and Polynesia until the early 1900s. Since the very
first scientific studies on trepanation were published in the 19th Cenhry, scholars have continued to argue
that ancient humans sometimes perfomrcd trepanation to allow the passage of spirits into or out of the body,
or as part of an initiation rite. However, convincing evidence is hard to come by. It is almost impossible to
cornpletely rule out the possibility that a trepanation was carried out for medical reasons, because some
brain conditions leave no trace on the skull. However, in a smail comer ofRussia archaeologists have tumed
up some of the best evidence for ritual trepanation ever discovered.

-255- Qonstanta / sem-2 & intensif./ 27-22

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10. According to the passage, which of the following indicates the most possible reason why trepanation
was performed in ancient civilization?

(A) tortue
(B) medical
(C) ritual
(D) condolence
(E) initiation rite

1 l. The word "cranial' means?

(A) relating to nerves

@) relating to eyesight
(C) relating to cartilage
(D) relating to skull
(E) relating to brain

12. The phrase "rfte practice was still being carried out" should be

(A) NO CI{ANGE
(B) the practice has still been carried out
(C) the practice had still carried out
(D) the practice had still beeutatried otrt' : '^' of :rr a"ao"l ooij; r. €%-ii*
- "
lejtnep*"tice*asstitlcan$s,or* 1i!,,,,,$ $ $ m {**ffii * $ ***{iff]-.

(A) informative
(B) contemptuous
(C) defensive
(D) flippant
(E) scathing.

Text 4
After rising steadily for alnost a century, standards of education in the public schools of Europe
and America have leveled offand, in the opinion of many parents and employers, are actually filling. More
and more children are leaving school with little more than a basic knowledge of reading, writing, and
aritlmetic, and illiteracy is becoming a social problem once again With dropout rates of twenty-seven
percent in high schools and fifty percent in colleges, the American education system is really in trouble;
European dropout rates, though lower than those of the US, are rising too.

Various factors have been blamed for the apparent decline in educational siandards. Some people
say that overcrowding and lack of discipline are major fictors. Others maintain that subjects like art and
drama have been overemphasized at the experse of more practical subjects. The negative influence of
television is frequently mentioned as a reason for growing illiteracy. Many teachers and principals however
irsist that the problem is not of falling standards but of rising expectations on the pafi of parents and
employers.

- 2s6 - Qonstonto / sem-2 &intensil/ 27-22

I
&nr.n::'"H
Whether or not standards in public schools are actually falling, many parents feel that the only way
to secure a good education for their children is to send them to pdvate schools, which generally have smaller
classes and stricter discipline. The popularity of such schools is growing steadily, despite the high tuition
fees. In the United States, for example, eleven percent ofall school children attend private schools, in France
over sixteen percent do so.
14. The topic ofthe text is about...

(A) Troubles in European and American education systems

(B) Declining education standarrds in America
(C) Factors detennining general education standards
(D) Problems in education in European and American public schools
(E) Declining ofparents' trust toward American education system

15. Why do private schools become popular among parents, because. ..

(A) Public schools have bad education management

(B) Private schools provide more complete facilities
(C) Parents expectations toward private schools credibility
(D) The high dropout rate in public schools
@) They think that private schools provide better education

16. According to the text, which of the following statements about the education of children in public
schools are trug except?
, p- I "".r'X"- ,tr. i,{- "X]r" q - €t: 4 . l. ,,r.-r,, si..r- :o
(A)Standardsofpublicschoolsa,rdlalli,qg,$ , { H.S ,n*, r; :6 . { r.,,,. #}}
(B) Public schools should offer mdie praitical subjeiti'" "
(C) Dropouts lack basic
@) The dropout rate in
,; ..::,.: .{ffi*ffir
(E) Parents are satisfied v/ith irnplementation ofteaching like art and drama

17. Which of the following is thought to be a fictor causing the decline in educational standarrds?

(A) There are too many pupils in one class

@) Discipline in school is generally too strict
(C) The tuition fees are expensive
(D) Having few of students
(E) Parents and employers expect too much from teachers

Text 5
You might expect that a sinple phenomenon like joint-cracking would be well gnderstood. But
there is not actually a consensus as to why knuckles and backs and the like pop when bent in a certain way
or pulled upon.
Many scientists have thought that the audible cracking ofjoints -what you hear when you pull on
your finger or press your knuckles together, is caused by the popping bubbles in the fluid bet*""o th".loiotr,
based on an influential 1971 study. But new research suggests that it is wrong. In a study published in the
joumal PLOS ONE, scientists got a volunteer to pop each ofhis 10 finger joints wrder an ir4RI The
scans
show that the popping sound actually is caused by the fonnation of a bubble-like gap or void in the
rymovial
fluid between the joints. So the 1971 study got it exactly backward: The poppingsound is the creation of a
"bubble", rather than the popping of one.

- 257 - Qonstontd / sem-2 & intensil / 2t-22

&ny"**:.*',m
This phenomenoq in which a separating force between objects can cause an instantaneous
separation and void, is "consistent with tribonucleation, a known process in which opposing surfaces resist
separation until a critical point where they then separate, rapidly creating sustained gas cavities", the authors
write. This void is created when pressure -for bending or pulling- causes gases in fluid (like nitrogen and
oxygen) to come out of solution and form a bubble, or cavity. This gap can be seen in MRI video as a black
spot between the bones. These bubbles of gas then gradually retum to the rynovial fluid; when they do, the
knuckles can be cracked again.

18. The text talks about...

(A) different opinions among scientists as to joint popping sounds

(B) how difficult it is for scientists to reach an agreement onjoint-cracking
(C) cracking ofjoints that can be heard which might be attributable to liquid
(D) the fact thatjoint-cracking is not caused by popping bubble
(E) the process ofpressing knuckles in order to produce audible popping sounds

19. The third paragraph deals with.. .

(A) theories that support the frnding of the latest study

(B) an explanation of how j oints can produce popping sounds
(C) a technique to record the process ofjoint cracking the MRI video
(D) rhe process of how fluid in jeints be4pgespasgs. qgtgpps;"*- ! .s .. **^ {, . :
(E) howtheMPJvideocan$gy,{act spctsiltU@qrry} .". ::"" 6 " 'l
. n';;.t, ' E
ir:
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Text 6
:rjtJ,.
l. - ^^ j.-\ i. Yr-/LJI,. i(jli.}\..1l : II ti t-II iI
ILILJI
I The cause of tooth decay is acid, which is produced by bacteria in the mouth. The acid removes
minerals from tooth enamel, allowing tooth decay to begi4 tle saliva in your mouttr encouragss.
remineralization and neutralizes the acid. The rate at lvhich bacteria in the mouth produce acid depends on
the amount of plaque on the teeth, the composition of tle microbial flora, and whether tle bacteria ofthe
plaque have been ,,primed,, by frequent exposure to sugar. To keep your teeth healthy, a regular dental
hygiene program should be followed.
7 Removing plaque with a toothbrush and dental floss temporarily reduces the numbers of bacteria
in the mouth and thus reduces tooth decay. It also makes the srrfaces of the teetl more accessible, enabling
saliva to neutralize acid and remineralize lesions. If fluoride is present in drinking water when teetl are
forming, some fluoride is incorporated into the enamel of the teeth, making them more resista to attack
by acid. Fluoride toothpaste seerns to act in another way, by promoting the remineralization ofearly carious
lesions.
13 addition to a regular dental hygiene program, a good way to keep your teeth healthy is to reduce
Il1
your intake of sweet food. The least cavity-causing way to eat sweets is to have them with meals and not
between. The number of times you eat sweets rather than the total amount detemines how much harmfirl
acid the bacteria in your saliva produce. But the amount of sweets inlluences the qualrty of your saliva.
Avoid, if you car, sticky sweets tlat stay in your mouth a long time. Also try to brush and floss your teeth
after eating sugary foods. Even rinsing your mouth with water is effective. Whenwer possible, eat foods
with fiber, such as raw carrot sticks, apples, celery sticks, etc. that scrape offplaque, acting as a toothbrush.
Cavities can be greatly reduced ifthese rules are followed when eating sweets

-258- Qonstanto / sem-2 & intensil / 27-22

@xr"*:::rx
20. What is the topic ofthe text above?

(A) The cause of tooth decay

(B) Good nutrition
(C) The relation between tooth decay and bacteria
(D) Ways to keeping your teeth healthy
(E) Dental hygiene program for tooth

21. Foods with fiber are probably...

(A) Decay
(B) Sticky
(C) Abrasive
(D) Sugary
(E) Expensive

22. The author of the passage states that the amount of acid produced by the bacteria in your saliva
increases...

(A) with the number of times you eat sugary food

(B) with the amormt of sour you eat
(C) with the amount of sweet you eat
(D) with the amount of enaqgl*sq1$@
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23. What does the word "it" in line &refef.tq? ,,!,...j .. :.1i,r-.!1i.,,! rffi#fl*r
(A) Removal ofplaque
(B) Plaque
(C) Bacteria
(D) Toothbrush
(E) Teeth decay

24. According to the passage, the benefit of fluoride to healthy teeth is...

(A) It makes teeth strong

(B) It stimulates saliva production
(C) It strengthers tooth enamel
(D) It removes minerals from tooth enamel
(E) It helps to reduce tooth decay

25. The word "carious" in line 12 most nearly means...

(A) vicious
(B) decomposition
(C) spitetul
(D) decay
(E) stink

Qonstonta / sem-2 & intensil / 27-22

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Text 7

Throughout history, people have been the victim of pickpockets. Today, pickpocketing is one of
the most rapidly increasing crimes. Pickpockets are increasing in numbet and developing better methods to
Line practice their skill. Approxi:rately one million Americans lose money to pickpockets every year, and
none is really safe from skilled Pickpockets. His victims, or 'marks' as they are called, can be rich or poor,
young or old. Dwing the eighteenth century, pickpockets were hanged in England, large crowds of people
would gather to watch the hanging, which was supposed to be a waming to other pickpockets. Howeveq in
time the practice was discontinued. The reason: while people were attentively watching fie fulnging of
pickpock*s, other pickpockets skillfirlly stole the money of spectators.
Police officials say that the most efficient pickpockets come from Souttr America. Many of these
expert pickpockets are trained in special school called 'Jingle Bell Schools' . A pickpocket' s graduate from
J. B. S when he is able to steal a wallet from a dresses dummy (mannequin) that has bells inside its pockets.

Even the most well dressed, respectable person may be a pickpocket. Some ofthe favorite places
ofpickpockets are banks, airports, racetrack, supermarkets, elevatom, and train and bus stations. Oftentimes
a pickpocket will work with another pickpocket as his partner. Another kind of pickpockets tlnt work
outside or ir:side bars and specialize in stealing from women is called a 'purse snatcher'. To avoid being
the victim of a pickpocket, it' s important to be very cautious and alert when in the midst of a large gathering
ofpeople..',
a!t
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(A) pickpockets are well dreis:d:.: i... *.: :,.:
l_r i -j i i {: il : I i: I * !tri{.-}L l
18) Jingle Bell Schools
(C) Pickpockets
(D) The hanging of pickpockets
(E) Pickpockets and The Police

27. The hanging ofpickpockets were not continued because ...

(A) they were large crowd ofpeople

(B) it was against humanity
(C) the police were not at the hanging
(D) the robber stole the wallet
(E) it was not effective to stop pickpocketing

28. Pickpocketing is ... crime.

(A) an old
(B) a modem
(C) a temporary
(D) a contemporary
(E) a new action of

-260 - Qonstdntd / sem-2 & intensil / 27-22

&*r.*-=t-'*n
29. South Americans pickpockets are the most efticient ones because ...

(A) they are well-trained

(B) they are handsome
(C) they are well-dressed
(D) they are respectable
(E) they are well-perfomred

30. Identifr the irrelevant sentence in each short passage.

(I) Being thin was not always viewed as being desirable. (tr) Thinness became the most alarming and
deadliest ofobsessions. (I[) Once upon a time, thin women were considered poor and sickly, unsuitable
for nurturing a large family. (IV) what exactly happened to change our view ofbeauty? (v) The bathing
suit undoubtedly played a role in determining the ideal body shape.

(A)I
(B) tr
(c) n
(D)rv
(E) V
ei rB

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-26t- Qonstdntd / sem-2 & intensil / 2t-22

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LATIHAN UTBK 7

Text I
Our ancestors destroyed most of our natural areas before anyone had a chance to study or try to
understand them. As a restrlt, we have lost tle opportunity to leam about these areas and the benefits and
opportunities they might have yielded. Today our rernaining natural areas serve important roles in the study
of ecology, botany, zoology, geology, and soil science. They provide controls for comparison against
managed or exploited resources. They also provide usefirl educational and cultural information irportant
in the study of science, local history, consewation and nature studies such as bird watching, insect study
and tree identifi cation.
Preservation of natural areas also provides many practical benefits. For example, natural areas
contain the biological raw material necessary for the development ofproducts that could greatly benefit the
health and well being ofman. A new wonder drug or fine induskial product may now exist only in some
inconspicuous organism harbored in a nature preserve. Up to approximatd half of the drugs currently in
use contain derivatives of wild plants, yet only a small percentage ofall plants have been investigted for
their potential in such uses. The need to protect the remaining 98 percent ofnatural areas until they can be
researched is obvious.
From a genealogical standpoint, we have roots linking us to our ancestors. With so many of our
natural areas now gone, those that remain are a vital lfuk to the past. They can help us and future generations
better understand the landscape and natural resources from which the pioneen moulded their lives.
Certainly, one of the most important benefits to be derived from natural areas is the perceptive-
recreational benefit they provide. This is evidenced by the i ine numbers of tuming to the
natue preserves in order to
of nature calms the monotony
horizons of com and bears. natural areas can offer substantial economic benefits to our
communities, as well. Wetlands, f": :I1T. q!*, h"ulp,_yl! g"?,*P5{Tglnd the removal
our waler supply

1. Paragraph 4 implies that ....

(A) the number ofpeople tuming to the nature preserves becomes more and more
(B) we cannot see any skyscrapers and lnvement due to natural preservation
(C) preservation of natural areas can help us throw away our stressfirl days
@) nature preserves briefly lighten busy life ofurban environment
@) quiet enjoyment of nature creates betler daily lives

2. The sentenc.e 'Our ancestors destroyed most ofour natural areas before anyone had a chance to study
or try to understand them.' in line 1 can best be restated as ....

(A) after we had an opportunity to deeply study our natural areas, most of them had been destroyed by
our ancestors
(B) we had an opportunity to deeply study our natural areas although most of them had been destroyed
by our ancestors
(C) most of our natural areas had been destroyed by our ancestors, besides, we had an opportunity to
deeply study them
(D) before most ofour natural areas had been destroyed by our ancestors, we had had an opportunity
to deeply study them
(E) we might have had an opportunity to deeply study our natural areas if most of them had not been
destroyed by our ancestors

-262- Qonstdntd / Sem-2 & lntensif / 27-22

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3. Which of the following obviously shows the author,s bias about natural areas?

(A) As a result, we have lost the opporhrnity to leam about these arcas and tle benefits and opportrmities
they might have yielded.
(B) Wetlands, for example, help with flood protection and the removal of pollutants from our water
supply.
(C) The need to protect the remaining 98 percent until they can be researched is obvious.
(D) with so n:any of our natural areas now gone, those that remain are a vital link to the past.
(E) Preservation ofnatural areas also provides rnany practical benefits.

4. The oryanzalional pattem of the passage is ....

(A) listing order

(B) time order
(C) classification
(D) cause-effect
(E) comparison-contrast

Text2

Scientists are as obsessed with the question of*fry the super old survive and thrive, as Ponce de
Leon was to find the Fountain ofYouth. They want to understand why the Japanese islands ofOkinawa are
home to the world's largest population ofcentenarians, with of its 1 .3 million living
i{ftabitants
into their second cenhry --many t?igecFaft tqir ?ia{ini1,f @,Like
weekend visitors on the summer tnQglii{{ogi{i bl!s} i[iitnnts to
Sardinia and Nova Scotia, Canada, t6 those craggy vast clusters ofthe super old.
taken

Thomas Perls, a geriatrician at Boston University. while the very old are happy to offir homespun
explanations for their longevity - 'T never took a drink", "I drank a shot of whiskey every day,, - experts
are trying to unravel and rmderstand the biological factors that allow some people to reach 100 while others
drop off in their 70s or 80s. Researchers are particularly interested in determining which factors allow up
to 30olo of rhose who reach 100 to do so in sufficient mental and physical health: a whopping 90% of
centenarians, according to Perls, remain functionally independent up to age 92.
It is pretty obvious even to nonscientists that how you get there depends partly on the genes you
are bom witb, partly on lifestyle-what ard how much you eat, rtrere you livi and what-types ofitress
tmuma you experience. How much depends on each factor, though, was unknown until Swedish scientists "rd
tackled the problem in 1998. They did it by looking at the only set of people who share genes but not
lifestyle: identical twins who were separated at birth and reared apart. If genes were most inrportant, you
would expect the twins to die at about the same age. In fact, they do no, ard the average difference
convinced ttre scientists that only abolt 20Yo to 30% ofhow long we live is genetically det-rmined. The
dominant factor is lifestyle.

5. What is the topic ofthe text above?

(A) Survival.
@) Youth.
(C) Long-life span.
(D) Old age.
(E) Health secrets.

-263- Qonstdnta / Sem-2 & lntensil / 27-22

I
@*r,*::-r*-:
6. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the text?

(A) The population of the elderly people is increasing.

@) Elderly people cluster in particular parts of the world.
(C) Biological factors influence mental ard physical health.
(D) Genes and life styles are essential for a long-life span.
@) Several biological fictors are at work affecting life span.

7. Which of the following is true about the information in the text?

(A) Super old people normally can exceed 1 00 .

(B) Okimwa people look younger at their actual age.
(C) All alcohotc drinks decrease life expectancy.
(D) Alt ofDr. Perls' subjects are self-reliant.
(E) Gene quality contributes much more to life span.

8. How is the information of the last paragra.ph in the text organizd?

(A) Each question is provided with an illustration.

(B) Scientific questions are followed by studies.
(C) Each snrdy is followed by research findings.
(D) Scientific questions are presenled from general to specific* ei

@) rhree rclated questioos qilqslk\r/d bye.d" ft*cffifi'l'* ;Xre tr-re X-'- ffi
iil. *",ill lL*!$ * S sass*S &$ e"i:W S ffi &ffi 1kS
9. According to tlre inforrnation in '.
(A) reach an old age if their parents do so
y*rjl l*ss*n ,,, ,,,,' ', ffifrfffl
(B) reach old age if they keep a healthy lifestyle
(C) reach old age if they are brought up separately from their siblings
@) not reach old age unless they live in areas where it is prevalent.
@) fail to reach an old age unless they are mentally healthy

Text 3

1 Although it seems like the spread of spam and unwanted junk emails sent to millions of people
each day-is a recent problerq spam has been around as long as tle intemet has. [r fact, the fust documented
case of spam occurred in 1978, when a cornputer company sent out 400 e-rnails via the Arpane! the
precursor to the modem intemet. Now, spam emails account for more than two-thirds of all the emails sent
over the intemet, and for some unlucky users, spam makes up 80 percent ofthe messages they receive. And
despite technological innovations such as spam filters and even new legislation designed to combat spam,
the problem will not go away easily.
7 The reason spammers-the people who and businesses tlat spread qpam-are diffrcult to stop is that
spam is so cost effective. It costs a spammer roughly one-hundredth ofa cent to send spam, which means
tlat a spammer can still make a profit even wittr an extremely low response rate, as 1ow as one sale per
100,000 emails sent. This low rate gives spammers a tremendous inientive to contirme sending out millions
and millions of emails, even ifthe average person never purchased anything from them. With so much at
stake, spammers have gone to great lengtls to avoid or defeat spam blockers and filters

-29- Qonstdnta / sem-z & lntensil / 27-22

ffi
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luulr)lJr rersrl mni

13
_ Most spam filters rely on a fairly primitive "fingerprinting" system. ln this systen! a prograrn
analyzes several typical qpam messages and identifies common features in therr- Any arriving e-maili that
match these features are deleted. But the fingerprinting defense proves quite easy for spammers to defeat.
To confrse the program, a sparnmd simply has to include a series of random characters of numbers. The
additions to the spam message change its "fingerprint" and thus allow the spam to escapo detection. And
programmers modiSr the fingerprint software to look for random strings of letters, qpammers respond
lvhen
by including nonrandom content, such as sports scores or stock prices, which again defeats the system.
20 A second possible solution takes advantage ofa computer's limited leaming abilities. So called
'smart lilters" use complex algorithms, which allow them to recognize new versions of spam messages.
These filters may be initially fooled by random characters or bogus content, but they soon leam to identifl,
these features. Unfortunately, spammers have leamed how to avoid these smart filters as well.

10. The following statements describe qpam, except....

(A) It affects millions of internet users.

(B) It totals more than 80% of emails.
(C) It is beneficial to tie general public.
@) It is an unwanted message for the mass audience.
(E) It may be a good source of income for slrammers.

11. The best title for the above text is ....

(A) The Development of Spam and gpasmsrs

(B) The Success ofthe tr
1&E-*d*%d3
(C) The Disadvantages of
@) How to Make Profit
(E) Spam: Problems and
f,'reffiffiffi#ruffiffi
.... ,i.--- -,.r i .", .-. ,- ,"- _*rll
i) !- ,':.rjL.li i.ij:]t),i_j. *_r-"r
,"..,
i._;,..-_r i....: * i ciltj{-
Smart filters are superior to fingerprinting slstems because snart filters . .. .

(A) are eventually able to recognize new version of spam

(B) have the ability to leam from their previous mistakes
(C) do not need to fild common features to detect spam
(D) are not fooled by random characters or contents
@) take advantages of a computer's limited leaming abilities

13. The word 'program' in line 18 refers to ..-.

(A) a spam message

(B) a character or a nrunber
(C) a type character of spam filter
(D) a common feature
(E) a fingerprinting

14. From the text we can conclude that spammers ....

(A) have always managed to get responses from intemet users

(B) produce spam that can never be detected by spam blockers
(C) have been able to sell cheap products to users
(D) make a big profit from the combat against spam blockers
(E) always send 100,000 emails a day to make profit

- 265 - / Sem-z & htensil

Qonstanta / 27-22
ffi
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Text 4

Asanctuary may be defined as a place where Man is passive and the rest of Nature active. until
quite recently Nature had her own sanctuaries, where man either did not go at all or only as a tool-using
animal in comparatively small numbers. But now, in this machinery age, there is no place left where man
cannot go wrth overwhelning forces at his command. He can strangle to death all the nobler wild life
in the
world tJ-day. To-morrow he certainly will have done so, unless he exercises due foresight and self-control
in the mean-time.
There is not the slightest doubt that birds and mammals are now being killed off much faster than
they can breed. And it is always the largest and noblest forms of life that suffer most. The whales
and

elephants, lions and eagles, go. The rats and flies, and all mean parasites, remain. This is inevitable
in
cerlin cases. But it is wanton killing offthat I am speaking ofto-night. Civilized man begins by destroying
the very forms of wild life he leams to appreciate most when he becomes still more civilized. The
obvious
remedy is to begin conservation at an earlier stage, when it is easier and better in every way, by enforchg
laws for close seasons, game preserves, the selective protection of certain species, and sanctuaries.
I have just defiled a sanctuary as a place where rnan is passive and the rest of Nature active. But
this general defurition is too absolute for any special case. The mere fict tlrat man has to protect a sanctuary
do". away with his purely passive attitude. Theru he can be beneficially active by destroying pests and
parasites, like bot-flies or mosquitoes, and by finding antidotes for diseases like the epidemic *fiich
periodically kills offthe rabbits and thus starves many ofthe camivores to death. But, except in cases where
h". proved his intervention to be beneficial, the less he upsets the balance of Nature the better,
"*p".i-"oi
even when he tries to be an eanbl{tPuto;o""u
#" - s , } ". ; . r-.ir :.!,,, .. ,.." - ;)q -,ea's
.,^
:i l:$X:* fi *8"&&, $ ,$ix** * S S
15. The author implies that his fntede&ito*df dsanc&aqai*$ ikl* i*ffii-* d b q{ffi *{q{ltq*
tl*e*xit

(A) totally ffong

(B) somewhat idealistic
b**st ycur i*ss*n
(C) unhelptul
(D) indefensible
(E) immutable

16. The author's argument that destroying bot-flies and mosquitoes would be a beneficial action is most
weakened by all of the following except

(A) parasites bave an important role to play in the regulation ofpopulations

(B) the elimination of any species can have unpredictable effects on the balance ofnature
(C) the pests ihernselves are part ofthe food chain
(D) these insects have been introduced to the area by hunan activities
(E) elimination of these insects would require the use of insecticides that kill a wide range ofirsects

17. It can be ir:fened that the passage is

(A) part of an article in a scientific j oumal

(B) extracted from the minutes ofa nature club
(C) part of a speech delivered to an educated audience
(D) a speech delivered in a court of law
(E) from a polemical article published in a magazine

-266- Qonstdntd / Sem-z &'ntensif / 27-22

ffi
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18. The purpose ofthe fl:al paragraph is

(A) to sum up the main points ofthe author's argument

(B) to urge a solution to an increasingly pressing problem
(C) to qualift the author's definition of an important term
(D) to propose a program
(E) to suggest that man should not intervene in natural environment

Text 5
Healthy eating is not about strict dietary limitations, staying u::realistically thin, or depriving
yourself of the foods you love. Rather, it is about feeling great, having more energy, improving your
outlook, and 51a$l1izing your mood. Ifyou feel overwhelmed by all the conflicting nutrition and diet advice
out there, you are not alone. It seems that for every expert who tells you a certain food is good for you, you
will find another saying exacdy the opposite. But by using these simple tips, you can cut thmugh the
confirsion and leam how to create a tasty, varied, and healthy diet that is as good for your mind as it is for
your body.
We all knew that eating right can help you maintair a healthy weight and avoid certain health
problems, but your diet can also have a profound effect on your mood and sense ofwell being. Studies have
linked eating a typical Westem diet
-filled with processed meats, packaged meals, takeout food, and sugary
snacks- with higher rates of depression, stress, bipolar disorder, and anxiety. Eating an u::healthy diet may
even play a role in the development of mental health disorders such as ADIID, Alzheimer's disease, and
schizophrenia, or in the i
Eating more fresh fruits
and refined carbohydrates, on thd
health problems. If you have p.robleql
help to manage your qmptoms
While some specific foods or nutrients have been shown to have a beneficial effect on mood, it is
your overall dietary pattem that is most irportant. Tbat means switching to a healthy diet does not have to
be an all or nothing proposition. You do not have to be perfec! and you do not bave to completely eliminate
foods you enjoy to have a healthy diet and make a difference to the way you think and feel.

19. What is the author's attitude toward the topic ofthe passage?

(A) Decisive
(B) Optimistic
(C) Ambitious
(D) Motivated
@) Considerate

20. The paragraph following the passage will likely talk about ....

(A) inrportant pattems of healthy diet

(B) definition ofperfect dietary pattem
(C) types of food to improve mood
(D) feelings resulted from changing diet
(E) cases of mood improvement influenced by diet

- 257 - Qonstanta / Sem-2 & lntensil / 27-22

fs^l qonstanta
\ffi1 ..-
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21. The passage can be best surnmarized as ....

(A) good meal is only a matter of feelhg good, having more stamina and good looking
(B) appropriate dietary food can reduce risk of being depressed, stressed, and anxious
(C) dietary change is often misperceived by many people as losing weight and being slim
(D) good diet meaff to be healthy by eating fresh fruits, vegetables, and less carbohydrates
(E) healthy diet means physiologically balance intake ofnutrients and resr.rlts in good mood

22. Based on the passage, it can be hypothesized that a good diet will impact the body if ....

(A) the dietary menu is under a nutrition expert control

(B) the meals are home-cooked in traditional fashion
(C) $tat is eaten equalizes the feeling of enjoying the food
(D) a good selection of fruit and vegetable becomes the menu
(E) diet is loosely controlled for minimizing distress and stress

Text 6

Beneath Jim Anderson's feet lies a monster. It has been alive since the Persian king Xen<es waged
war agatst the Ancient Greeks and weighs more than tkee blue whales put together. It has a voracious
appetite, eating its way through large swathes of forest. But this is no long-forgotten beast bome of Greek
mythology. It is a mushroom. Anderson is standing in an unassuming patch of woodland in Crystal Falls,
in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. He'j
colleagues discovered nearly
mushroom.
These common fungi are {9 _rvgg_dla$q al.l qcross Asia, North Amedga qs{iEurope,
where they grow on dead or dl to sfeed nprlie Aecay. Often the only viSibldiiigalbf them
above ground aie clumps of scaly, yellow-broum toad-stool-like fruiting bodies that grow up to 10cm tall.
When Anderson and his colleagues visited Crystal Falls in the late 1980s, they discovered that urbat at fust
appeared to be a rich community ofArmillaria gallica flowishing beneath the mulch of leaf liuer and topsoil
of the forest floor was in fact one giant individual specimen. They estimated it covered an area about
- -
91 acres, weighed 100 tonnes and was at least 1,500 years old. It set a new record at the time for the largest
organism on the planet - a similar fungus in a forest in Oregon now holds the recorrd.
"It caused quite a stir at the time," says Anderson. "Ow paper came out on April Fool's Day so
everyone thought it was a joke. Then in 2015 we thought we should go back and test our prediction tlat
this was truly a persistent, single organism." The new results revealed it was four times larger, 1,000 years
older and if gathered together would weigh around 400 tonnes. They ended up retuming to the site several
times between 2015 and2017, taking sarnples from distant points around ttre forest and then running the
DNA they obtained through a sequencer back at their laboratory at the University of Toronto. Since their
initial study in the 1980s, genetic analysis has advanced in bounds, with new techniques making the process
far cheaper, faster and providing more information.

23. The research conducted by Anderson and his colleagues can be described as

(A) endorsing the previous finding which denied the existence of Armillaria gallica
(B) disproving the prior theory about the absence of Amrillaria gallica
(C) reconfirming the past finding on Amillaria gallica
(D) correcting the previous false finding on Armillaria gallica
(E) proving the truth about the size of Amrillaria gallica

- 268 - Qonstanta / sem-2 & lntensil / 27-22

@r*=-":.*m
24. What characterizes the Amrillaria gallica found by the researchers in this article?

(A) plenty
(B) nutritious
(C) unicellular
(D) solitary
(E) collective.

25. The word "voracious" (paragraph 1) in this context means

(A) enough
(B) urgent
(C) huge
(D) strong
(E) long

26. kr which subject does this passage probably appear?

(A) Ecology
(B) Microbiology
(C) Boany
(D) Nutrition
(E) Archeology
ffiffi#*ruffi6;*'*q& 6qfu*ru
Text 7
k"€wF €@kffi$ $fuffi
&
-- l'r:.'(: ,a): ;i^,.r'-'..'. X'll.lf]tr
lf you're constantly tossihf ]rid fumr'ng ai niEfii, or'waliingrip in a ronen mood,
]6,1{"'&ui& 1ar" u
sleep disorder and our busy, modem-day lifestyles are partially to blame, according to experts. One in four
adults xfio have frequent sleep difficulties use the intemet almost every night before bed, and one in five
people reports that long work hours prevent them from a good night's rest, a 2016 sleep health report
by
the University ofAdelaide found.
Countless studies have also lir:ked poor sleep to diabetes, heart problems and obesity. Thoracic and
sleep specialist Dr Justin Hundloe said there is a two-way relationship between sleeping protlems and poor
health. "There's an increasing recognition that poor sleep can impact chronic or pui, corditions. This wav,
the presence of cluonic pain can impact the quality ofsleep that an individual gets,,, he told The Nlw Daily.
The growing problem is such a concem that the Australian govemment has set up a parliamentary
inquiry investigating our sleep healt[ and its irnpact on society and the economy. So far, thire have been
129 submissions to the inquiry from medical professionals, health groups, patients and the public with
hearings taking place around tlre country since February 2019. "Increasingly, Australians are balancing
-
their work, family, and social commitments by cutting back on sleep,,,Liberal Mp and chair of the sleep
inquiry committee Trent Zimmermaq said. "And it is not just adult., for yo*g p"ople spending increased
time on the intemet, plalng digital games, and social networking can come at the expinse ofsleep,,,he
added.
On Friday, the Sleep Health Foundation released new data showing that some older Australians
repod considerably less sleep-related fatigue and furitability than people under 65 the figures came from
-
a sample of 1011 Australians across all age groups. "I think many people will be happy to know rhat
increasingly tiredness and fatigue are not an inevitable consequence of getting older,,, Fiofessor Robert
Adams from the foundation said. "In fact your sleep can actually improve with age.,,

- 269 - Qonstdnta / Sem-2 & tntensil / 2 1-22

fs^\ qonstanta
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27. In the last part ofthe passage, Professor Robert Adams fiom the Sleep Health Foundation said, "In fact
your sleep can actually improve with age" which is supposed to mean that

(A) our sleeping habit has a direct effect on our lifespan.

(B) the older we get, the more sleep problers we will suffer from.
(C) our longevity impmves hand in hand with sleepilg pattems.
(D) old people have more difEculties in sleep other than do the younger
(E) problems with sleep will be reduced when we get old.

28. The phrasal words "this way" (paragraph l) should be

(A)NOCIIANGE
(B) And also
(C) Vice versa
(D) However
(E) Additionally.

29. The word "hearing" (paragraph 3) has similar meaning to

(A) voicings.
(B) listenings
(C) the sounds ofone's sleep
investigatiors ,*ffi* ia

q ff" m
(D)
(E)thecures S*W dF*,& :F.rb &Y1 ffim f.,-{s$,
i",*;&
I
#H fr ffi **ry.#{} .s*-q;sffi
Whatisthetoneoftheauthol."i+writingthisartigle? :, .ii lft**f
(A) evasive
(B) laudatory
(C) factual
(D) judgrental
(E) virtuous

- 270 - Qonstdnta / 5em-2 &,ntensir / 27-22

 &*r,*:-q"H
LATIHAN SOAL 1

SUBJECT VERB AGREEMENT

Subject-Verb Agreement merupakan sebuah penyesuaian antara verb (kata kefa) dengan subjek sebuah
kalimat dalam hal number, yaitu: singular (tunggal) atau plural Camak).

o My dog always growls at the postal carrier. (Singular subject, singular verb)
r Basketballs roll across the floor. (plural subjec! plural verb)
o I don't understand the assignment. (singular subject, singular verb)
o These clothes are too small for me. (plural subject, plural verb)
o Peter doesn't like vegetables. (singular subject, singular verb)

BENTIJK SI]BJECT

NOUN

. Nama Almad is a student.

o Nama benda A table has four pillan.
r Pekerjaan A teacher teaches at school
o Gerund Reading is my hobby.
r To infinitive To bring a gold medal is my target
a

tr--B
B@qw& ffiffi$"ffiryW?*ffi
KsMkEMW tr*BS*re
$kM#
To Be *
. am is are Prcsent l'uq..ltqt4qot,.,,l-1; ;:" lj::,{:*r-ar-l li-1.:iilf'
'-' .'.-..-
r was were Past
*..,,'
I was at home lasl night
l lr lt t("

. been

Kata Ke{a

o visit (V1) I visit my sister everyday.

r visited (V2) I visited my friend yestenday
. visited (V3) I have visited Bali twice.

To Be + Ving
r I am doing my assignment.
o She was waiting for the parcel.
ToBe+V3
o I uas invited by her.
o Your application is accepted by the university.

Jebakan dalam Kalimat Meliputi:

o Hati hati Preposisi (of, on, iq at, by, frorq d11)
Example : The students of Gadjah Mada University is doing final exam.
o Hati hati double subject / double verb
Example: Tom he is my best friend.
I am is an English student.

l_ -271- Qonstdnto / Sem-2 & tntensil / ZI-22

63 qS*, .ro.t=tanta
\ -B\I r,-'t t"'"o',
.
",,
m.rd.

o Ifuti hati dengan tanpa subject / tanpa verb

Example: Yesterdav was going to school.
The explanation from my teacher at tie S!.o9!gi!9-good.

MODAL\IEPG
Present Past
Shall Should
will Would
May Might
Must Had to
Can Could

Modal + Vl (tanpa s/es)

For exarple: The student goes to school everyday.
The student will go to school tomorrow.
Modal + be VingAr'3
For example: She will be arriving at 2 am this aftemoon.
I will be invited by the committee.
Modal+be+pelengkap
For example: She will be happy.
She will be here

APPOSITT!'E

o Shiva, the srand*oor,n" gffiffi

o The grandson of the grandmoi6Sij'$trivi'iii siirart 6ofl'"'"' K
sffitrs ffi fl-x K ffi
o Shiva is a fan of crisriano Rqyl3ll*rq:{"r::ftu lg,rfl . i
Pengertian
o Appositives adalah Noun Phrase yang menjelaskan Noun sebelum atau sesudahnya. Syarat
Appositives = tidak boleh ada VERB.

PARTICIPLE

Participle adalah adjective berbenttrk ving/V3, yang mana Ving berarti aktif dan V3 berarti pasif.

Participle adalah Adjective yang dibentuk dari V-ing i V-3. Perhatikan contoh berikut ini:

o The man sitting behind me is my teacher.

o The car repaired by mechanics is mine.
r The man wears a hat.
r The man wears a hat is my friend.
e The man wearing a hat is my friend.

PARTICIPLE AFTER OBJECT

. Imetaman.
o He wears a hat.
. I met a man wearing a hat.

-272- Qonstdnto / Sem-2 & lntensil / 27-22

 ffi
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Subject Verb Agreement, Appositive, participle

@dulive : 25 soal + post Test 5 soal)

1 . The North Platte River fiom Wyoming into Nebraska.

(A) it flowed
@) flows
(C) {lowing
@) with flowing water
(E) to flow

Biloxi received its name from a Sioux word meaning ,,first people,,.

(A) The city of

(B) It is in
(C) Located
(D) The tour included
@) The location

3. A cage oflions up to forty lions.

(A) can contain

@) it contairu
(C) are contained
@) containing
@) could contain
wffitr-wffiffiffiffiffm
',
teapladaresmallaruiftiiid-l$ :,. -.i'.
4.
ff;-*ilf
(A) The
(B) Having flowers
(C) On the
(D) The flowen ofthe
@) Ofthe

5. The major cause the pull of the Moon on the Earth.

(A) the ocean tides are

(B) ofthe tides in the ocean
(C) of ocean tides is
(D) the ocean's tides
(E) causes the ocean tides

6. Still a novelty in the late nineteenth cenhrry,

_ limited to the rich.

(A) Was
(B) it was photography
(C) was photography
(D) photography was
(E) when was

-273- Qonstanta / Sem-Z & tntensil / 27-22

@*r*r.:-"*:
7. ofprecious gems is determined by their hardness.

(A) The valuable

(B) It is the movie
(C) It is valuable
(D) The value
@) That the value

8. Different hormones at the same time on a particular target issue.

(A) usually act -

(B) usually acting
(C) they usual act
@) the usual action
(E) usually acted

9. The hard palate between the mouth and nasal passages.

(A) forming a partition

(B) a partition forms

mfu"oc.'m"
10. Sam Spade and Rick Blaine
ffi trtuffi

(C) two of them

(D) are two
@) both two

I L Henry Adams, bom in Boston, famous as a historian and novelist.

(A) Became -
@) and became
(C) he was
(D) and he became
(E) which becoming

12. Experiments show a giant step into tlre mediche of the future.

(A) using gene therapy

(B) use gene therapy
(C) they use
(D) gene therapy uses
(E) used gene therapist

-274- Qonstanto / Sem-2 & lntensil / 27-2:2

m qonstanta
,"'t i6"1,, rn.Il'r
{Q5 '- 1r,,,

13. Cars need less money than truck.

(A) uses hybrid

(B) used hybrid
(C) using hybrid
(D) to use hybrid
(E) for using hybrid

14. Greyhormd, can achieve speeds up to thirty-six miles per hour.

(A) The
(B) The fastest
(C) The fastest dog
(D) The fastest dog, the
(E) The most fast dog

15. The North Pole a latitude of90 degrees north.

(A) has
@) is having

d;ffiS #r@B! geen& dge&66 4-* *%

S-*e &#.* **.e
K ffiffi trH Hes%S sWffi Bffi
# k&M @
16. ffi$_Y"%.o.*ffi.ffi,m.w
\.rn l Ir' ::rqqnn
\/-,)!_rU t :

(B) great
(C) healthy
(D) a friend of mine
(E) welcoming

17. on a regular basis, the plants outside the window in front of the front gate
getting the sun.
_ photory.nthesis after

(A) in processing
(B) process
(C) processes
(D) for process
(E) To process

18. grow close to the ground in the short Arctic summer.

(A) Above tundra plants

(B) Tundra plants
(C) Tundra plants are found
(D) For trmdra plants
(E) Within tundra plants

-275- Qonstonta / 5em-2 & lntensil / 2t-22

ffi
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irclt re':ol
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19. In the early moming, from New York landed on time.

(A) on the plane -

(B) inside the plane
(C) the plane
(D) above the plane
@) into the plane

20. On the stage for the last night's performance, magically hypnotized all the audience without
telling them the secret.
-
(A) injudges
@) before the greatest magician
(C) magicians
(D) to the audience
@) after all magicians

Error Analysis for number 21-30

21. The of ultraviolet light are short than those of visible light but longer tlan those of X-
*fi

ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
lts

***st y**r l*xs*i:

.':.:.:':'
(E) Are

22. Animism is the belcve that objects and natural pb9!@9g4 such as rivers, rocks, and wind are 4htr
and have feelinss.

(A) Believe
(B) Phenomena
(C) Alive
(D) Feelings
(E) Is

23. Edward McDowell remembers as the eg!9!9J of such pqq4q4i futg! as "To a wild Rose "and
"To a water Lily."

(A) remembers
(B) composer
(C) perennial
(D) as
@) favorites

-276- Qonstanta / Sem-2 & lntensif / 27-22

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24. Alois Alzheirmer made first observers the telltale signs of the disease that today bears his name .

(A) Observers
(B) Telltale
(C) Bears
(D) Name
(E) Made

25. Methane in wetlands come from soil bacteria fuj consume organic plant matters.

(A) come
(B) from
(C) consume
(D) that
(E) matters

26. Bom in Massachusetts in 1852 ,Albert Farbanks has beeun rpakine banjos ! Boston in the late I 870s.

(A) Bom
(B) has begun
(C) making
(D) kr
(E) Late
Se'e&
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27. Aristotle believed tbat everyilffijfuffiffip&ed oT fdftls&ic!ffilBffi&tb #jt"i,ew dfuffi .

(A) Believed l:nnqt

I./\-'\J..: t \1i1t
i iJl:,
ii- l6er/-an
l\,.-iJLll ! fi-lJriF
I I iL.Iut
(B) Were
(C) Earth
(D) And
(E) Four

28. Probablv the best known ofall dinosaurs, the Tyrarmosaurus les lgrgq and the last ofthe meat-
g4lLilg camosaurs.

(A) probably
(B) was
(C) larger
(D) known
(E) meat-eating

29. The newsreels ofHearst Metronome News, which formed part of every Moviegoer,s experience in
the era before television, offer 49 unique record ofthe events of the 1930s.

(A) every
(B) before television
(C) which
(D) a"
(E) events

- 277 - Qonstanto / Sem-2 & tntensil / 2t-22

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30. Sgrrqlglgl by forested mountain slooes are the town of Telluride, a former
feet above sea 1evel.

(A) Surrounded
(B) slopes are
(C) former
(D) gold-mining
(E) sea level

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-278 - Qonstanta / Sem'2 & lntensil / 27-22

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LATIHAN SOAL 2

TEKS 1

By the age of 5, most triplets are on par with their peers in mental and emotional development, but
those bom at the lowest weights may still lag behind, according to a study published in July 2009. Israeli
researchers found that among the 126 singletors, twins and triplets they followed from birth to age 5, triplets
generally trailed behind their peers in cognitive development over the first two years of life. By age 5,
however, many triplas had bridged the gaps in both IQ and social development, the researchers report in
the joumal Pediatrics. The exception was triplets who'd been particularly gro*th-restricted in the womb
those who, at birth, had weighed more rhan 15 percent less tlan the sibtng with the highest birth weight.
At age 5, these children were still developmentally behind both their siblings and peers.
Until now, there had been no well-designed studies following the development oftriplets over the
first few years of life. And the catch-up seen among most triplets in this study is "excellent news," lead
researcher Dr. Ruth f'sldman, of Bar-Ilan University, told Reuters Health. parenfs of triplets, she said,
should be aware that their children may be slower to reach developmental milestones in infancy, but most
ofttrem are likely to close that gap during the preschool years. Children who were born substantially smaller
than their siblings may not catch up, however.
At age 5, the study found, these children typically scored at the lower end ofthe nomral range for
intellectual, emotional and social development. For instance, Feldman explained average verbal IQ was
about 95, whictq while within normal range, would make it difficult for a child to get through standarrd
schooling.
GroMh restriction was cctiiiiiiiib a*$
was bom weighing more than t StS*eiif {U
lo the impoflance of giving these children onward, according to Feldman.
"Knowing that these children resiropd.,to.pa.g{nta} fust
to be especially sensitive and responsiie to ihes'e
children's development during infancy and preschool should be continuously monitored, and parents and
children should receive extra help when needed, such as interventions to help children regulate their
emotions and cultivate social skills, or to improve their attention and concentration abilities. More studies
are also needed, the researchers note, to see whether the developmental gaps persrs, into later childhood
and adolescence.

1. According to the text, when do triplets typically have the biggest gap in development?

(A) During infancy

(B) When they reach the age of five.
(C) After they reach the age of five.
(D) During school years
(E) During preschool years

According to the text, which tripla-baby would most probably be developmentally behind her peers?

(A) Bom with less than 1 . 5 kg in weight.

(B) Bom weighing 20 percent less than her siblings.
(C) Bom with heaviest weight.
(D) Bom weighing 21 percent more than her siblings.
(E) Bom with lowest weight

-279 - Qonstontd / sem-2 & intensil / 27-22

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3. An appropriate title for the text is ....

(A) Intellectual, Emotional and Social Development of Triplets

@) Triplets, Twins, and Singletons: A Corrparison Study
(C) Parental Guides to The Development ofBabies
(D) The Reason for the Slow Growth of Triplets
(E) The Correlation between Birth-weight and Lrtellectual Development

4. The word "persisl " in paragraph 4 can be best replaced by ....

(A) vanish
(B) elapse
(C) stay
(D) change
(E) maintain

5. The text would most probably be found in "..

(A) an advertisement of a children health center

@) an article in a medical j oumal
(C) an anicle in a popular science nngazine
(D) an article in a Bar-Ilan University publication
(E) a preface ofa medical book

TEKS2
6! s.&

The woman's posirion in tyr\gf

growing discussion of ber predicimEnt,
subject to the rules of Islam, in best
to virtual segregation from the and
possessiveness; chose still to see women as the inferior sex, deficient in morality and self-respect, requiring
protection by the male against her own weaker instincts. It bad become a collective as well as a personal
duty to zupervise her behavior. Not merely the husband and fatler and bmther but the whole street, the
whole neighborhood was concemed to watch over her, rraking sure that her limbs were totally and decently
covered and intent to catch her out if she seemed to step outside the narrow path the society laid down for
her. [n Constantinople no woman might be seen walking in the street or &iving in a caniage with a maq
even if he were her husband. If they went out together he was obliged to walk ahea4 disregarding her.
Never did she appear with him at social gatherings; thus there was in effect no mixed Moslem society. On
trams and boats there was a curtain, to divide women from men. In girls' schools, when feminine education
was introduced, the only male teachers were eunuchs. In the theatre the female parts were played by men,
as in Elizaberhan England, or by Christian women. When women were eventually allowed into the audience
it was on certain ladies' days set aside for them- Only in parts of Anatolia, among the peasantry, wele
women freer, and indeed often unveiled before all but stmngers. For (thanks sometimes to the inIluerrce of
the brotherhoods) the peasants were often less orthodox in tleir customs, and moreover their women had,
for economic reasons, to work in the fields and perfonn other outdoor tasks for the family living.

6. The passage rrainly tells us about

(A) the social restrictions in the 19th century.

@) the inferior status of women in the Ottornan period.
(C) life in the villages as opposed to that in the to$ns'
(D) the similarities and differences between the two sexes.
(E) the rules of Islam as oppo sed to those of Christianity.

-280- Qonstonta / sem-2 & intensil / 27-22

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7. What was impossible to see or witness in the social life of tlre Ottoman capital city of Istanbul?

(A) Dividing curtains in trams and boats

(B) Sexually potent male teachers in girls' schools
(C) Christia:r women on ladies' days in theatre houses
(D) A man accornpanying his wife, though pretending to disregard her
(E) Moslem women wslshing a play in a theatre house.

8. The average Otto62l furk fglf himsslf

(A) obliged to rnarry fow women.

(B) ,,nable to acquire a rnasculine pride and selfrespect.
(C) superior because women required protection against other men.
@) responsible to decide what should and what should not be considered proper conduct for women.
(E) condernned to keep his wife or wives in virtual segregation from the outside world.

9. The best phrase to describe women's situation in the Ottoman period would tre

(A) delivered from bondage

(B) socially oppressed
(C) traditionally respected
(D) rightfirlly segregated
(E) lawfullyernancipated

,o womenirvlrages
(A.; had somewhat more liberal cu.#oms.
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(C) inlluenced the brotherhood s. ,

(D) were sexually ernancipated.

(E) were peasants only in parts of Anatolia

TEXT 1

In total, the plant has need of at least 16 elements, of which ttre most important are carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassiunq calciurq and magnesium.
The plant obtains carbon and hydrogen dioxide from the atrnospherg other nutrients are taken up
!9- ,h" soil. Although the plant contair:s sodium, ioding and cobalt, these are apparently not essential.
ftlg is also true of silicon and alumimrm.
Overall chemical analyses indicate that the total supply of nutrients in soils is usually high in
comparison with the requirements of crop plant. Much ofthis potential zupply, however, is bound tightly
in forms that are not released to crops fast enough to give satisfactorv g-*th. Becuu." ofthis, the farmer
is interested in measuring the available nutrient supply as contrasted to the total quantities.

I 1 . Why do farmers prefer considering the only available nutrients to the total quantities of nutrienl found
in the soil? Because?

(A) they do not know how to obtain all the Nutrients

@) chemical analyses indicate that the soil contains all the nutrients needed
(C) the nutrients are in the soil
(D) most of the nutrients are bowrd in compounds
(E) some ofthe nutrients are found in the atmosphere

-28L- Qonstanta / sem-2 & intensil / 27-22

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12. How many elements which are not very important can be found in the plants?

(A) Three
(B) Five
(C) Seven
(D) Nine
(E) Sixteen

I 3. Which of the following elements is not taken up from the soil?

(A) Potassium
(B) Magnesium
(C) Carbon
(D) Calcium
(E) Sultur.

14. *The plant obtains carbon and hydrogen dioxide" (Paragraph 2)

Q!4igg means...

(A) Gets
@) Takes
(C) puts
(D)
(E) has
gives

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15 . The topic of paragraph three * iil ::xs*$' klil} ;ffie
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(A) the result ofchemical analyses .. .. , " ':

(C) giving satisfactory grcwth to the plants

(D) measuring the available nutrients supply
(E) the abundant nutrients in the soil

TEXT 2
When you're hgngry and you smell dinner, your mouth starts to water. This is the fust step in changing the
food you eat into the kind of food that cells can use. This change is called digestioq and it begir:s in the
mouth.
Suppose you are eating sandwich. Your front teeth cut and tear the sandwich. The molars grind it.
Salir,a, the juice in the moutll gets everlthing moist. Saliva also contains a type of chemical called an
enzyme. It starts breaking down the starch of the bread into sugar.
The moist ball of the food is carried to the back ofthe mouth by the tongue. Muscles force the food
into the esophagus, a narrow tube behind the windpipe. Other muscles force the food down the esophagus.
They do their work so well that the food would travel along even ifthe person were doing a headstand.

16. Changing the food that we eat into the kind of liquid that cells can use is called?

(A) Processing
(B) Digestion
(C) cutting or tearing
(D) grinding
(E) eating

-282- Qonstanta / sem-2 & intensil / 27-22

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17. Although a person does a headstand, the food that he eats

(A) is carried back to his mouth from his stomach

(B) stays in his mouth
(C) pushes from his stomach to his mouth
(D) still moves from his mouth to his stomach
(E) stays still in his stomach

1 8. What zubstance makes the food in the mouth moist?

(A) The juice

(B) The milk
(C) The starch
(D) The water
(E) The saliva

19. When you eat a piece of meat or an apple, the use ofyour front teeth is for... thern

(A) Tasting
(B) Tearing
(C) grinding
(D) chewing
@)breaking,'io', 3* . rX:.5'" .1.",'."I#
._
20. Agricuttural economies with v"ol*,"*,ri.t *Oj""lro ,*,uUil,y."*"a Or_- ,".*1, *.
changes in the nature. i-.rl,_,i:'..:1l "." : li:)$
:'.",. L_f_if
tl-:i,-l
The best to complete is?

(A) So
@) Most
(C) As
(D) such
(E) many

TEXT 1

A panel of medical specialists from the University of Califomia at Los Angeles recently fognd that
many men of 40 years and older were dosing themselves with urmecessary pills and "conserving" their
energy by increasing bed rest to the point that it actually became enervating.
These doctors point out that increasing dependence on pills can be harmful as well as expensive.
Laxatives are a good example ofa popular cornmercial medicine taken urmecessarily by large ngrrbers of
people. Perhaps only one person in 100,000 may have an actual motor disability of the bowels, and most
constipation can be easily corrected tbrough proper foods and exercise, without resorting to laxatives. Also,
taking vitamin pills or avoiding high-cholesterol foods is wmecessary unless recommended by a physician.
But, most important, "conserving" energy tkough prolonged bed rest or avoiding exercise can be
fatal. The panel members pointed out that before age 40, a man exercises to improve his performance, but
that after age 40 he exercises to improve his chance of survival.

-283- Qonstontd / sem-2 & intensil / 27-22

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21. The passage mainly discusses that ....

(A) many men can avoid vitamin pills and high-cholesterol foods
(B) unnecessary medication and bed rest cannot be inevitable
(C) bed rest for a long period of time may lead to death
@) exercises are required to increase lifespan
(E) most men take laxatives unnecessarily

22. According to the passage, laxatives ....

(A) are good

(B) are not needed
(C) are taken by men
(D) are commercial
(E) are costly

23. The passage mentions all ofthe following except....

(A) Taking vitamin pills and evading high-cholesterol foods are inessential.
(B) Two out of200,000 people have the possibility ofconstipation.
(C) Men exercise for their fitness rally before middle age.
(D) Many men of 40 years or older took longer bed rest.
@) men.
l,onger bed rest could be beneficial for
r:
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Meteorites arc among thq raresimaterials that exisl on eartlr-far.less common thagggl,{,,{poonds,
or even emeralds. Therefore, the chances of discovering a new etiiiiit6 are sliri-even foi {hbNii'io make
their living hwrting for and studying meteorites.
A specimen that is thought to be a meteorite, but tums out to be a common earth rock is
affectronately and humorously dubb ed a meteor-wrong. The surface of our planet is rich in terrestrial iron
oxides such as magnetite and hematite (rnany of which will stick to a magnet), dark biack rocks such as
basalt, and many different types of man-made metallic by-products such as run off (slag) from old smelters
and cast off iron implements. All of these nraterials are fiequently mistaken for meteorites.
Identification of a genuine meteorite takes a practiced eye, but there are a number of simple tests
that can help hopeful rock hounds determine if they have stumbled across a rare space rock, or just a
common eadhbound stone.
Meteorites tend to look different from the ordinary terrestrial rocks arowrd them. They do not
contain the common earth mineral quartz, and in general do not contain vesicles. When gas escapes from
cooling molten material, it creates small pinprick holes in a rock's surface. The volcanic rock pumice, often
used in skin care for the removal ofcalluses, contains vesicles, which is one of the reasons it is very light
in weight. Ifa suspected meteorite looks like a sponge, with lots of tiny holes, it is probably volcanic rock
or slag of earthly origin.

24. This passage would probably be assigned reading in which of the following course?

(A) Geology
(B) Geography
(C) Geophysics
(D) Geochemistry
(E) Geomorphology

-284- Qonstdnta / sem-2 & intensil / 27-22

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25. According to the text, which of the following statements is FALSE?

(A) Most meteorites lack substances usually found in rocks

(B) There are professionals who look for meteorites
(C) We can hardly find a meteorite around us
(D) A meteorite is less likely to have cavities
(E) Vesicles make a stone hefty

26. What is the author's purpose in wdting this text?

(A) To explain to the readers how a rock can be mistaken for a meteorite
(B) To show how people use humor and science to make sense of the world
(C) To show readers that celestial objects are not easily fomd on earth
(D) To provide the readers with the basic knowledge of identifring a meteorite
(E) To educate the readers to have a trained eye to recognize meteorites and rocks

27. The tone ofthe author is best described as ...

(A) callous
(B) playftl
(C) acerbic
(D) pensive
(E) pragmatic
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28. rhe most appropriate title fo&bia,iF&*.$.x $ xffi
i&"" sxffi $ $r,* $ ffi' ;
(A) Visual Identification of rirelsor-1w-ir.rigs:i,.i--i ii- i ;-::. i: r.,:r' .: i
(B) The Physical Structure olkindibi tiocts' " '
:
rTr*r}tr
(C) Distinguishing Meteorites from Other Earthly Minerals
(D) Distinguishing Rare Outer Space Rocks on Earth
(E) The Dfiiculties of Finding the Right Method of Identification.

Text 3

Most ofus have heard the good advice that we need to eat less sugar, .nd rightly so. However, despite
the numerous wamings by health authorities ofthe ill effects ofsugar, the majority ofthe population
is still
consuming sugar on a daily basis in some form or other.
We do not have to consume *trite, refined sugar to be corsuming sugar. Sugar includes glucose,
fructose (as in fruit sugar), lactose (as in milk), sucrose (as in table sugar), maitose orfults (as in ds€ mall
and honey), iam (contains concentrated juice, which is high in fruit zugar), maple synrp, com synrp, palm
sugar (raditionally used in macrobiotic cooking), and the very deceiving organic brown sugar, which
is not
all that differcnt from white sugar. Even alcohol is a sugar. A11 of these sugars are probl- atic in many
different ways.
The body changes zugar into 2 to 5 times more fat in the bloodstream than it does starch. With 146 proven
reasons why sugar is bad for us, is there perbaps one single reason as to why we might need
it? The only
interesting tling about sugar is tbat it tastes good and makes us terryorally feel good. This is an area
worth
exploring. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, a 5000-year-old wisdom of self-contained
knowledge of healing, we all need sweetness in our life. We need six tastes: sweet, sour, salty, astringent,
bitter and pungent to stimulate ttre taste buds on our tongue at main meals, in order to expeiince satie6t.

-285- Qonstantd / sem-2 & intensil / 2t-22

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29. The word "satiety'' as used in paragraph 3 most nearly means

(A) Completion
(B) Binge
(C) Bulge
(D) Appetite
(E) Satisfaction

30. The passage can be best summarized as ....

(A) all types of sugar are problematic to hrman health

(B) humans actually need sugar every day in the form of food
(C) the only fimction of sugar is to satisfy our need of sweet taste
(D) given the ill effect of sugar, people should avoid consuming it
(E) over consumption of sugar will inrpact both physically and psychologically

TEXT 1

Forests have the ability to regulate water systems, prevent erosion and flood, and maintain soil fertility.
The ability of forests is inseparable from the existence ofmillions and even billions oftrees in a forest area.
Trees only store water for their own needs, and the land saves water. Billions of trees with their wide
canopies will hold back rain. Lr fall
slowly through the leaves and vdll
produce quite a lot of litter organic in the forrns of and twigs.
Dramaticallv, littering is headirlg'1q',ryardqihe'$e..91y procq5l{$e. organic materials ar, on the
soil surface. Litter blocks the waier falling from the canopy so it does not dircctly hit the
Litter also functions as a place to live for millions of organisms (e.g. wonr:s). This organism punctures
the land as a home and place oflife. This organism's behavior causes the soil surface to become loose and
porous. When rain drops from the canopy fall onto the litteq the water slowly flows to the soil surface. The
loose and potous top layer of soil will absorb the water and then the water will be stored in the aquifeq the
underground river.
The soil surface in the forest has high capaci$ to absorb rainwater. As a result, most ofthe rainwater
seeps into the soi! only a little becomes running water. Running water is the water that cannot be absorbed
by the soil sgrface. This water will go down to a lower area. If running water exceeds the carrying capacity
ofthe river, it can certair:ly cause flood. Most ofthe minwater that falls in the forest area wili be absorbed
by the soil and stored in the aquifer. Furthemrore, t}le water stored in t}Ie aquifer will come out regularly
through springs. From these springs, water flows through rivers that are mostly found in the forest area. In
addition there is also underground water that comes out as a qpring in the resident wells'

31. The word 'dramatically' in paragraph 1 is best replaced by ....

(A) gradually
(B) naturally
(C) amazingly
(D) surprisingly
(E) simultaneously

-2A6- Qonstdntd / sem-2 & intensil / 27-22

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32. What is the main idea of the passage?

(A) Water guarantees millions of organisms to survive in forest areas.

(B) Land stores and releases water through various processes.
(C) Litter gradually flows water to the soil surface.
(D) Trees store water to fi:lfiIl human daily needs.
(E) Forests have various benefits for human life

33. With the sentence "This organism's behavior causes the soil surface to become loose and porous,' in
paragraph 2, the writer intends to ....

(A) describe the organism and its behavior agairst loose soil
(B) confirm the behavior of organisms in loose soil
(C) compare the loose soil with the porous soil
@) mcover natural processes at soil srosion
(E) explain the causes of soil erosion

34. What most likely motivates the writer in writing the passage?

(A) There is an umesolved flood problem-

(B) People's awareness towards reforestation is low
(C) Not rnany people understand the benefits ofwater for forests.
(D) Tbere is tbe fa.llacious cogcEx tlw .Fq:q stgeqJargqiUgqupf€-Eu6ke* , -..-k" ..- . *_
( E) rhe information about tlffndiilenT&f
-.* .

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TEXT 2
: : , ".'i -
Hawaii's Kilauea volcano keeps erupting wirh syrupy tava Jlows. seruing as ) pni) ,i^nau
ofnature's destructive power. Ihere are two contents flow out as molten rock and they both have
to do with volcanoes. But as the ongoing etuption captures headlines, a question might occur to
the readers: Wat's the difference between magma and lava?
rhe distinction between magma and lava is all about location. when geologists refer to
magma, they're talking about molten rock that's still trapped underground. If this molten rock
makes it to the surface and keeps flowing like a liquid, it's called lava. Lava is molten rock
generated by geothermal energt and expelled tbough
fractures in planetary ctast or in an
eruption, usually at temperatures from 700 to 1,200 .c (1,292 to 2,1g2 .F). The structures
resulting from subsequent solidification and cooling are also sometimes described as lava. Ihe
molten rock is formed in the interior of some planets, including Earth, and some of their satellites,
though such material located below the crust is referred to by other term.s.
Magmas vary in their chemical composition, which gives them and the volcanoes that contain
them different propefties. Mafic magmas like those in Hawaii tend to
fom when the heavier crwt
that forms the ocean floor melts. They contain between 47 to 63 percent silica, the mineral
that
makes up glass and quartz. silicic magmas, on the other hand, tend to
form when the tighter
continental crwt melts. These magmas are more than 63 percent silica, which makes them more
viscous: At their runniest, silicic magmas flow about as well as lard or caulk which is to say not
well at all. They're also cooler than mafic magmas. Rhyolite, an especially silica-rich type of lava,
hits temperatures between only I ,200 degrees to 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit.

- 287 - /
Qonstonta sem-2 & intensif / 27-22
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Wen silicic magmas are no longer confined under sfficiently high pressure, the gases
dissolved within them come out of solution and form bubbles. And just like opening a shaken-up
can of soda, the resulting rush of vapor triggers an explosive eruption. Iconic cone-shaped
yolcanoes called stratovolcanoes, such as Mount Pinatubo, are loaded with silicic magmas.
Hawaii's volcanoes, on the other hand, contain especially low-silica magmas made of basalt,
which means they haye much less explosive oomph. Instead, they ooze and spatter, creating shield
volcanoes gently sloped formatioru that have become the islands' signature geologic silhouette.

35. mat is the appropriate tide of the text above?

(A) The Explosive power ofa volcano

(B) The Characteristic of Magma and I-ava
(C) The Distinction of Magma and Lava
(D) The Pressure of Silicic Magmas as a Composition of a Volcano
(E) The Composition of Magma and Lava Based on a Volcano Structure

36. What is the motive of the writer to present the passage?

(A) To raise people awareness about the danger ofvolcanoes eruption

(B) To persuade the readers not to live nearby the area of volcano eruption
(C) To describe the danger of volcanoes eruption through the composition of rnagmas
(D) To straighten people's misconception about the diflerence magma and lava
(E) ro expose peopre,s racks6rm{egyr*-1,ffis*xx*ffi%
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37. 'Magmas vary in their chemical cclkrposition...'

(A) the composition of rragma can be differentiated through their chemical conrpound
(B) the chemical structure of magma is different based on their corpostion
(C) the component ofrnagma is made ofchemical element
(D) the basic structure of rnagma can be seen from their chemical component
(E) the nature of chemical compostion is based on magma variation

38. What is the difference ofvolcanoes in Hawaii fiom that ofMount Pinatubo?

(A) Mount Pinatubo is more destructive than lfuwaii

(B) Volcanoes in Hawaii are less explosive power than that ofPinatubo
(C) Hawaii's volcanoes are highly explosive than those of Mount Pinatubo
(D) Hawaii's volcanoes are loaded with silicic magmas.
(E) Mount Pinatubo is the islands who has signature geologic silhouette

39. In which paragraph does the author elaborate what imposes low or high explosion ofa volcano?

(A) Paragraph 2
(B) Paragraph 3
(C) Paragraph 4
(D) Paragraph 2 and 3
(E) Paragraph 3 and 4

- 288 - Qonstantd / sem-2 & intensil / 27-22

Q*:r*::rx
40. In rriting the passage, the writer's tone could be best described as ....

(A) persuasive
(B) descriptive
(C) informative
(D) evaluative
@) corservative

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-249- Qonstanta / sem-2 & intensil/ 27-22

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LATIIIAN SOAL 3

TEXT 1

The day after Thanksgiving is the start of the holiday shopping season. Thanksgiving is always on
a Thursday, so tie day after is a Friday. This day has come to be known as Black Friday. It has been the
busiest shopping day ofthe year since 2005.
Most siores offer great deals on Black Friday. They open their doors in the wee hours of the
moming. Thoy iry to attiact shoppers with big discounts. Some items like TVs are much cheaper than usual
Stores may evenlose rnoney on these items. They hope that shoppers will buy gifts for other people ufiile
-
ttrey are in the store.
Black Friday is a great time to get good deals. The problem is that there are not enough low-priced
items to go around. Each store may only have a few. These ilems are in high demand. People stand in long
lines to git such great deals. They may line up hours before a store opens. They may be hoping to get a low
price ona TV or laptop, but not everyone who wants one will get one. Some people leave disappointed.
The situation can be tense. Some Black Friday events have been violed. Large, eager crowds have
tranrpled workers. Fights have broken out over toys or people cutting in line. People have shot one another
over parking qpots. But most Black Friday events are safe and fun. Still, ifyou plan on going, expect large
crowds and a bit of shoving.
So where does the name "Black Friday" come from? It was fust used in Philadelphia in the 1950s'
The police called this day Black Friday because of the heary trafEc it drew' Io the 1960s, stores tried to
rename the day.'tsig Friday." It did not stick. The name "Black Friday" continued to spread across the
country. It seems that it is here to stay.
Now people all over the
to other pafis of the world.
2012. h Costa Rica Black Fri
weekend of discounts. They call it.' El
the language of savings is universal.'"'
liryryll*""
1. Which is not true about Black Friday?

(A) Black Friday is a national holiday

(B) Black Fritlay is the start ofthe holiday shopping season.
(C) Black Friday is always the day after Tharksgiving.
(D) Black Friday offers people with big sales.
(E) Black Friclay is the busiest shopping day of the year.

z. Which best explains the main idea ofthe third paragraph?

(A) People stand in long lines on Black Friday

@) Black Friday is the best time of the year to get good deals.
(C) People even slrot each other for only a parking lot.
(D) Black Friday is a really disappointing time ofthe year.
(E) Black Friclay deals are limited and not everyone will get one.

J. Where does the name Black Friday come from?

(A) The police called this day Black Friday because there is a lot of traffic.
(B) The stores called this day Black Friday because it is a serious shopping day.
(C) The police called this day Black Friday to remember the victims of violence.
(D) The sales offered are given only to Afro-American.
(E) The stores called this day Black Friday because they make a lot of money

-290- Qonstanta / Sem-2 & lntensif / 27-22

@nn**':.'.x
4. According to the tex! why do stores set prices so low on some items that they lose money?

(A) They are in a giving mood because the holiday season is just begirming.
(B) The term Black Friday is actually a clearance sale.
(C) They are trying to get rid ofold iters fiom last year to make room for new items.
(D) They want people to enjoy the holidays.
(E) They hope people will buy other gifts while they are in the store.

5. Which best explains why Costa Ricans call Black Friday ,'Viemes Negro',?

(A) This is how they say "Black Friday" in SpanislL the language of Costa Rica.
(B) Costa Ricans want to establish their own shopping tradition.
(C) Costa Rican stores don't want the shopping day associated with American violence.
(D) Viemes Negro sounds more exotic and exciring than Black Friday.
(E) Costa Ricans are 90% black.

TEXT 2

"Click!" That's the sound of safety. That's the sound of survival. That's the sound ofa seat belt
locking in place. Seat belts save lives and that's a frct. That's why I don't drive an),rxhere until mine is on
tight. Choosing to wear your seat belt is a simple as choosing between life and death. Which one do you
choose? ,,,,--,..- ri ir
rhink about it. when r&ffb,ffi-B ffii,"€ffi ffi#ehffi,& ffi
zipping down rhe road. Then someb6ay in"ia'Jf you lo"ktiphr6.Ir"hrifi..."yo*'arii,ef a"o8sir,i'urre
&,- *
time to stop. The car that you aro iq erashesi-Y,o1q,c4r, yag ggiag.(eplles per
stopped. Your body, however. is still going 60 MPH. What,s going ro stop
windshield or your seat belt? Every time that you get into a car you make tlat choice. I choose the seat belt.
Some people think that seat beits are uncool. They think tbat seat belts cramp their stylg or that
seat belts are uncomfortable. To them I say, what's more uncomfortable? Wearing a seat belt or flyrng
through a car windshield? Wbat's more uncool? Being safely anchored to a car, or skidding across the road
in your j ean shorts? Wearing a seat belt is both cooler ard more comfortable than the altenwtites .
Let's just take a closer look at your choices. If you are not wearing your seat belt, you can hop
around the car and slide in and out ofyour seat easily. That sounds like a lot off,rn. But, you are also more
likd to die or suffer serious injuries. Ifyou are wearing a seat belt, you have to stay in your seat. That's no
fun. But, you are much more likely to walk away unhamred from a car accident. Ilmmm... A small pleasure
for a serious pain. That's a tough choice. I think that I11 avoid the serious pain.
How about giving money away? Do you like to give your money away? probably not. And when
you don't wear your seat belt, you are begging to give your money away. That's because kids are required
to wear seat belts in every state in America. If you're riding in a car, ald you don't have a seat belt on, the
police can give you or your driver a ticket. Then you will have to give money to the city. Id rather
keep my
money, but you can spend yours how you want.
Wearing a seat belt does not make you invincible. You can still get hurt or killed urhile weanng
your seat belt. But wearing them has proven to be safer than driving without them. You are much less likely
to be killed in a car ureck ifyou are wearing a seat belt. You are much less likely to get seriously injured
ifyou are wearing one. So wfiy not take the safer way? Why not go the way that has been proven to result
in fewer deaths? You do want to live, dorlt you?

- ?9L - Qonstontd / Sem-2 & lntensil / 2t-22

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6. Which best expresses the author's main purpose in writing this text?

(A) To remind readers to avoid being fined

(B) To entertain readers with stories and jokes about seat belts
(C) To describe what car accidents are like without seat belts
(D) To infomr readers about seat belt laws
(E) To persuade readers to wear seat belts.

7. Which best define s the word alternaldves as it is used in the third paragraph?

(A) Other choices.

(B) Driving fast
(C) Being safe
(D) Being unsafe
@) Car crash

8. Which best explairs why the author starts his essay with the word click?

(A) He is trying to scare readers

(B) He is trying to get the readels attention.
(C) He is trying to remind readers how seat belts sound when clasped.
(D) He is trying to describe what it's like to ride in a car.
(E) He heard the sound 'click' v{ren writing this essay.

9. Which argument is not author l r,.r l

(A) Not wearing a seat belt can be

(B) You can stitl get hurt or killed t: ,r i;: *T3*ffi8:,
(C) Penalties for not wearing a seat belt shduld increase.
(D) Seat belts keep you from flying tbrough the windshield.
(E) Wearing a seat belt is cooler than suffering an injury.

10. Which statement would the author most likely agree with?

(A) Being safe is more important than being cool

(B) Moving freely around a car is worth the risks.
(C) Seat belts will avoid car accidents.
(D) You should be most concemed with your comfort.
(E) Seat belts need improvementce

TEXI 1

Have you ever heard the sound of a hummingbird? They rnake a buzztng noise when they fly. They
make this noise because they beat their wings so fast. They beat their wings up to 80 times a second. All
that flapping makes a lot of noise. That's why we call them hummingbirds.
Hummingbirds fly in a unique way. They move their wings so fast that they can hover. This means that
they can stay in one spot in the middle of the air, like a helicopter. Sometimes they fly or hover upside
down. They are the only bird that flies backward.
Hummingbirds are small. One type called the bee htunmingbird is the srnallest bird in the world. Bee
hummingbirds weigh less than a penny. They arejust a little bit bigger than bees. I guess that's where they
get their name.

- 292 - Qonstantd / Sem-2 & lntensil / 27-22

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Bee hummingbnds build tiny nests. They use cobwebs and bits of bark to make their homes. Their
homes are only an inch around. This is big enough for their eggs though. Their eggs are snaller tban peas.
People have formd these tiny nests on a clotleqpin.
Hummingbirds move fast. It takes lots of energy to move as fast as they do. This means tbat they need
to eat a lot offood. Their favorite food is nectar, a sweet liquid inside of some flowers. They drink more
than their own weight in nectar daily. They have to visit hundreds of flowers to get enough nectar to live.
They can only store enough energy to survive tbmugh the night. They live on the edge.
Hummingbirds don't use their long beaks like straws. They have a tongue just like you. They use their
tongues for eating. They flick their tongues in and out of thet mouths lvhile inside of flowers. They lap up
nectar. Flowers give them the energy that they need.
Hummingbirds help flowers too. They get pollen on their heads and bills v,fien they feed. Flowers use
pollen to rrake seeds. Hummingbirds help pollen get from one flower to the next. This helps flowers make
more seeds' More seeds mea ; more flowers. More flowers means more food for hunlningbirds. Isnt it
nice how that works out?

11. Which statement about bee hummingbirds is not true?

(A) Bee hummingbird eggs are srnaller than peas.

(B) They use cobwebs and bits ofbark to make their homes.
(C) Bee hlmmingbirds weigh less than a penny.
(D) Bee hummingbirds have built nests on clothespils
@) Bee hunrmingbirds are far-BrftllertffitbeCg$ ls );r.. b r \-tr. '" '' .1 -l *,; S4.",
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12. How do hummingbirds help flowers?
i*ta' l')t 1"':.it*ii i l' i1:a:,1.,'.,""
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(A) They drir:k nectu. ftom f;;l;;iuiti. i '-'-"
1 l

(B) They eat pollen of rnale plants.

(C) Their humrring helps flower reproduction systern
(D) They plant seeds from one land to the next.
(E) They bring pollen from one flower to the next.

13. Which best describes the main idea of the fifth paragraph?

(A) Hummingbirds move fast.

(B) Hummingbirds like to eat nectar.
(C) Hummingbirds help flower to produce fruit and seeds.
(D) Hummingbirds use lots of energy and eat often.
(E) Hummingbirds drink their own weight in nectar every day.

14. Which tide best describes the main idea ofthis text?

(A) Bee Hummingbirds: The World's Smallest Bird.

(B) Differences Between Hummingbirds and Bee Hummingbirds
(C) Pollination: How Birds and Flowers Work Together
(D) Hummingbirds: Unique and Uniquely Helpful
(E) Interesting Facts About Birds

- 29t - Qonstanto / Sem-2 & tntensil / 27-22

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15. Why are they called hummingbirds?

(A) Their wings make a humming sound

(B) Their song sounds like humming
(C) They are very light
(D) They can do both hovering and flying
(E) They sing when they fly

TEXT 2

Have you ever been to the beach? Did you see a man with a headset pointing a long pole at the ground?
If so you might have seen a person using a metal detector. People use these devices to find metal.
Metal detectors make magnetic uraves. These 'waves go tl[ough the ground. The waves change when
they hit metal. Then the device beeps. This lets the person with tle device know that metal is close.
The first metal detectors were meant to help mi:rers. They were big. They cost a lot of money. They
used a lot of powet. And worst of a1l, they didn't work well. People kept trying to make them better.
Metal detectors got smaller. Now they are light and cheap. They also work better. That is why people
bring them to the beach. They can look for rings in the water. They can look for phones in the sand. Metal
detectors help them find these things. They usually just find junk though.
Metal detectors also protect people. They help to keep guns out of some places. They are in airyorts.
They ate in courthouses. Some schools use them. They help guard; look for weapons. Gg3rds use special
wands to hnd metal on a person. - q*" c -'
These devices save tives rn otlerriix,lqqirbiliinsi@rii$p6slai{]ffiu$u ttF sib}.s&.&hh, th.
war ends, they don't clean up their meises. This is unsafe for the people who live in thosg_Plac-es.-Others
i1".
use metal detectors to find bombi..lh-dy i€iii6va th!.m aiid hglprlbg pio, rl i I * I ! .

These devices also make clothes safer. It iounds funny, but it's true. Most clothes are made in big
factories. There are lots of n6edles in these places. Needles break from time to time. They get stuck in the
clothes. They would poke people trying them on. They don't though. That's because our clothes are scanned
for metal. Isn't that nice? kt's hear it for metal detectors. They make the world a safer place.

16. How do metal detectors make clothing safer?

(A) Metal detectors make sure the clothes are free from any weapon.
(B) Metal detectors make sure factory machines are working the right way.
(C) Metal detectors make sure workers don't bring weapons into factories.
(D) Metal detectors make sure that broken needles don't get into clothing.
(E) Metal detectors help people recover lost clothing at the beach

17. Why do people bring metal detectors to the beach?

(A) Metal detectors help people keep the sand clean and safe.
(B) Metal detectors look cool.
(C) Metal detectors beep when a shark approaches.
(D) Metal detectors help people find valuable items.
(E) Metal detectors help guards keep weapons away from the beach.

-294- Qonstantd / Sem-2 & lntensil / 27-22

ffi*r,r-'s-'k
18. How do metal detectors help soldiers?

(A) They wam soldiers when bullets are coming.

(B) They can serve as weapons as well.
(C) They help soldiers frnd hidden bombs.
(D) They find weaknesses in their arrnor.
(E) They create a relaxi-r:g beeping noise.

19. Which best describes the main idea ofthe second paragraph?

(A) It describes the sounds ofa metal detector.

(B) It wams about the effects of metal detectors.
(C) It explains how magnetic waves move.
(D) It explair:s how metal detectors work.
(E) It explains the components to make a metal detector.

20. Which title would best describe the purpose of this text?

(A) Metal Detectors: a Conplete the Story of Their Invention.

@) Magnetism and More: How a Metal Detector Works
(C) Metal Detectors: What They Do and How We Use Them
*
@) Metal Detecrors: The Mddn! df ; *:.* : ;:*]'^ ;* ..*; {'.
**..f " *;.,,,
(E) ADayattheBeach: UsingYctrr f,{etalTl&rectofl to Find ffiings ,"--'.'.' A }.^. ffi: ,

TEXT I ***sl y*ur l**s*n .:.;, : $'fi*elf,

Bad luck always seems to strike at the worst possible moment. A man about to go for an interview for his
job gets stuck in traffic. A law student taking her final exam wakes up with a headache. A
rurmer twists his
ankle minutes before a big race, perfect exanrples of cruel fate.
Or are tley? Psychologists who study such common mishaps now believe that in many instances, they
ruy be carefrrlly orchestrated schemes ofthe subconscious mind. In their book, two psychologists, Berglas
and Baumeister, contend that people often engage in a form of self-defeating behavior known as self-
handicapping - or, in plain terms, excuse making. It's a simple process: By taking on a crippling handicap,
a person makes it more likely that he or she will fail at an endeavor. Though it seems like a crazy thing to
do, Berglas and Baumeister say it is actually a clever trick ofthe mind, one that sets up a win-win situation
by allowing a person to save face when he or she does fail.
A classic self-handicapper is the French chess champion Deschapelles who lived <luring the 18th
century. Deschapelles was a phenomenal player who quickly became charnpion ofhis region. But when
competitiofl grew tougher, he adopted a new condition for all matches: He would compete only if his
opponent would remove one of Deschapelle's pawns and make the first move, increasing the odds
that
Deschapelles would lose. Ifhe did lose, he could blame it on the other player's advantage and no one
would
know the true limits ofhis ability but ifhe won against such odds, he would be all the more revered for his
amazing talents. Psychologists now use the term "Deschapelles coup" to refer to acts of self-sabotage
rarrrpant itltoday' s world.

- 295 - Qonstdntd / Sem-2 & tntensil / 2 1-22

&r"*:*'"m
Overall, men are more likely than women to make excuses. Several studies suggest that men feel the
need to appear competent in all realms, while women worry only about the skills in which they've invested
heavily. Ask a man and a woman to go scuba diving for the fust time, and the woman is likely to
jump in,
while the man is likely to first make it known that he's not feeling too well.
In fact, the people most likely to become chronic excuse makers are those obsessed with success, says
Berglas. Such people are so afraid of being labelled a failure at anyhing that they constantly develop one
handicap or another in order to explain away failure. Furthermore, over the long ruq excuse rnakers fail to
live up to their true potential, thwart their own goals and lose the status they care so much about. And
despite their protests to the contrary, they have only themselves to blame.

2I . Which of the following is the topic of the whole essay?

(A) Avoiding failure by using self-handicapping

(B) Self-handicapping as a cause of depression
(C) The life ofa classic self-handicapper, Dechapelle
(D) A comparison between tle uays men and women avoid failure
(E) Performing self-handicapping as a way to inprove status

22. Which of the following sentences is TRUE?

(A) Sellhandicapping is uliimately a destructive behavior.

(B) Chronic excuse rnaking can be a sign of depression.
(C) Sel f-handicapping is used by--yoqen to save.thei-r.face - -
(D) Self-handicapping is usu4iiy used by renio'sive 6eir bce
- . " .' -- : -;]
ii i
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@) People who commit self-M{!ffng;itolirot c*reabodf sifrces3}ii*1i:'
cr

23. Which of the following is an!-iiiinpldldf self-kindicapprag? I - ,

(A) Leaving in plenty of time for an mrportant meeti:rg

(B) Taking a good care of our physical condition prior to a game
(C) Having a good preparation before meeting a client
(D) Going to bed early before a big examination
(E) Practicing running a few minutes before a race

24. The word "rampant" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ....

(A) interesting
(B) widespread
(C) occasional
(D) plausible
(E) intermittent

25. It can be inferred from the passage tlat a studefi who r anted to engage in self-handicapping would ....

(A) join study groups for difficult zubjects

(B) go to bed early the night before an exam
(C) study as hard as possible for a big exam
(D) eat plenty of spicy food hours before an exam
(E) try to cheat on a test to get a high score

-295- Qonstdnta / Sem-2 & lntensif / 27-22

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TEXT2

Did you know that some people don't do their reading assienments? It's shocking, but it's true. Some
students don't even read short texts that they are assiped in class. There are unny reasons for this. They
may be distracted or bored. They may be unwilling to focus. They may be unconfident readers. Whatever
the reason, it has to stop today. Here's why.
Reading stimulates your mind. It is like a workout for your brain. When people get old, their muscles
begin to deteriorate. They get weaker and their strength leaves tlpm. Exercise can prevent this loss. The
same thing happens to people's brains when they get older. Brain power and speed decline with age. Reading
strengthens your brain and prevents these declines.
You can benefit fro61ading in the near-term too. Reading provides knowledge. Knowledge is power.
Therefore, reading can rrake you a more powerfi.rl person. You can learn to 6e nsv/ things by ieading. Do
you want to make video games? Do you want to desip clothing? Reading can teach you all this and more.
But you have to get good at reading, and the only way to get good at somelhing is to practice.
Read everything that you can at school, regardless of whether you find it interesting. Reading expands
your vocabulary. Even a "boring" text can teach you new words. Having a larger vocabulary wilihelp you
better express yourself. You will be able to spea! write, and think more intelligently. Whais boring about
that?
Do not just discount a text because it is unfamiliar to you. Each time you read, you are exposed to new
ideas and perspectives. Reading can change the way that you understand tle world. Ii can give you a broader
perspective 61 things. It can make you worldlier. You can leam how people live in faraway places. you
can leam about cultures different from your own.
Reading is good for your state of mi::d. It has a calming effect. It can lower your stress levels and help
you relax. You can escape from . The
benefits ofreading frr outweigh a
reading assignmenl take as
Then move on to the next one.

26. Which of the following is not one of the authols main points?
*-$l#ilL rr

(A) Reading broadens your perspective and makes you a better person.
(B) Reading helps you leam new vocabularies.
(C) Reading is a relaxing activity with positive mental side effects.
@) Rearting helps you perform on tests and get into selective schools.
(E) Reading keeps your mind in shape and prevents losses due to age.

27. Which best expresses the author's main purpose in writi"g this text?

(A) He is trying to persuade students to do their reading work.

@) He is teachi''g people how to become better readers.
(C) He is explaining why people don't do their reading work.
(D) He is suggesting to buy cheap books yet advantageous.
(E) He is entertaining readers with facts about the mind and body.

28. Which best expresses the main idea ofthe third paragraph?

(A) Reading can benefit you.

(B) You can leam amazing things and become a better person by reading.
(C) You can leam to program video games or design clothing by reading.
(D) Knowledge is power.
(E) Knowledge about anything benefrcial lies in book.

- 297 - Qonstdnta / Sem-2 & lntensil / 27-22

&rs,**':"'.'m
29. Why does the author think that you should read books that are boring?

(A) You wiil leam new words.

@) You will m,ake your teacher very happy.
(C) You will eventuaily grow to love them ifyou read them enough'
(D) Boredom is a key to success
(E) You will get better grades in reading class

30. Which best describes the author's tone in the first three sentences?

(A) Surprised
(B) Sarcastic
(C) Informative
(D) Nonchalant
(E) hate

TEXT 1

you probably know that calcium and vitamin D are needed to build strong bones. But what you
may not know is that there are certain elements in your diet that can actually reduce bone density, incleasing
your risk for osteoporosis.
You need protein to build strong bones, but when you eat too much proteirq your body produces
chemicals called sulphates that
likely to occw with animal
by Harvard Medical School, 116,686 fiiimei(w6reTollowed 16rl0 years. Ihe researchers Iound tna
who ate red meat at least five times .a-.ye9lqryere. more, likqly. !p,hav,€..4 bone fracture thao-1v,o:nc4 iwho ate
red meat onJy once a week.
In a recent study of31,527 Swedish women ages 40 to 76, conducted by the Swedish Deparbnent
of Toxicolory's National Food Administration, researchers found that women who drink 330 milligrams
of caffeine o. -or" day - the equivalent of about four cups of coffee - have an increased risk of bone
"
fractures. This risk was especially noted in women who had a lower consumption of calciurn The
researchers did not find an association between tea consumption and an increased risk for bone fractures.
One reason could be that the caffeine content oftea is Rpically halfthat ofcoffee'
The recent Framingham Osteoporosis Study measured the bone mineral density in the spines and
hips of 1 .413 women and 1,125 men against the fiequency of their soft drink consunrption. The researchers
concluded tlat cola and diet cola beverages (though not other carbonated drinks) may cause bone loss i:r
women and may involve not just the caffeine, but the phosphorus in colas, too. "It may be that the
connection between colas and bone loss is due in part to the substitution of soda for milt decreasing
calcium intake," says Kristine Cuthrell, RD. research nutritionist and project coordinator, Cancer Research
Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii in Honolulu.

31. The paragraph following the passage will most likely discuss ....

(A) medical prevention of osteoporosis

(B) another element ofdiet that rcduces bone density
(C) advantages of consuming more calcium and vitamin D
(D) an explanation about osteoporosis and its tnpact
@) sources of high calcium and vitamin

-298- Qonstontd / Sem-2 & lntensil / 27-22

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32. The tone ofthe author can be described as

(A) informative
(B) contemptuous
(C) defersive
(D) flippant
(E) scathing.

33. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

(A) In addition to the knowledge on how to build strong bones, people also need to know the causes of
bone fractures to prevent osteoporosis.
(B) Too much protein reduces bones density as it generates unsafe chemicals causing the bones to lose
calcium.
(C) Some elements in our diet such as animal protein, caffeine, and phosphorus in soft drinks may
cause bone loss and lead to osteoporosis.
(D) Excessive calcium and vitamin D corsumption builds weaker bones and decreases the risk of
osteoporo si s.
(E) Drfuking coffee is more barmirl to human bones compared to drir:king tea as coffee contains
caffeine twice than tea does.

34. Wlrat will bappen if people consume less animal protein?

(A) It will increase the

(B) It will stop spines and
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d$si",s€ffi & l@kM gl,'@4
(C) The protein will be . Aos @ffitrF 6 6
(D) Human body will produce,more calcium to strengthen the bones.
-_ |,.
(E) It will decrease sulphated pi6duction" v,rhich itecreasls itr6 rifr ijf catcium leach, i i il!L,j*-

3 5 . The phrasal ve rb " leach o r" as used in paragra.ph 2 can be replaced with

(A) leak out

(B) drain
(C) run out
(D) spoil
(E) reduce

TEXT 2

Uranus, the fust planet discovered in modem times, was named after the Greek deity, the earliest
zupreme God. It was discovered by William Herschel while systernatically searching the sky with his
telescope on March 13, 1781. It had actually been seen many times before but ignored as simply another
star. The earliest recorded sighting was in 1690 when John Flanrsted classified it as 34 Tauri. Herschel
named it "the Georgium sidus" (the Georgian Planet) to honor his patron King George III of England.
others called it "Herschel". The name "Uranus" was first recommended by Bode, but it was not comironly
used until 1850. Uranus has been visited by only one spacecraft, V oyager 2 orJan24,19g6.
Most ofthe planets spin on an axis nearly perpendicr-rlar to the plane ofthe ecliptic, but Uranus'
axis is almost parallel to the ecliptic. At the time of voyager 2's passage, Uranus' south pole was pointed
almost directly at the Sr.rn, so Uranus' polar regions receive more enerry input from the Sun than do its
equatorial regions. Uranus is nevertheless hotter at its equator than at its poles. The mechanism underlying
this is unknown..

- 299 - Qonstdntd / Sem-2 & tntensil / 2t-22

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nog.,/),r ;..i,r rrnd i

Actually, therc's an ongoing battle over which of Uranus' poles is its north pole. Either its axial
inclination is a bit over 90 degrees and its rotation is direct, or it's a bit less than 90 degrees and the rotation
is retrograde. The problem is that you need to draw a dividing line somewhere because in a case like Venus,
there islittle dispute that the rotation is indeed retrograde (not a direct rotation with an inclination ofnearly
180).

36. The tone of the author is best described as ....

(A) seriuos
@) amused
(C) objective
(D) admiring
(E) optimistic

37. This passage would probably be assiped reading in which of the following course?

(A) physics
(B) geology
(C) astrology
(D) astronomy
(E) geography

38. The following statements arc true, except....

(A) Uranus is the name of a greek God

r'" :r'l
@) Uranus was once considdi€il''d itairi:i: '
(C) Uranus has been known by different names ,
i,"\r^ .. /1v1 t $ !-tl IE
(D) a spacecraft travelled to Uratrus idflie 1980s. I : llis3(Jt 1 I E(.ILJL
t-*-L
(E) Uranus was first seen in the sixteenth century

39. What can be infened about Uranus' orbit and rotation?

(A) The Sun's energy does not reach Uranus' polar regions
@) Uranus' orbit is parallel to the plane of the ecliptic
(C) r{ry Uranus' equator is hotter than its poles is unknown
@) scientists still need to do more research on Uranus' orbit and rotation
@) the rotation of Uranus is direct at one time and retrograde at other times

40. What is the author's purpose in writing this text?

(A) to show that people are still confirsed about Uranus

(B) to infomr people that Uranus has a unique orbit and rotation
(C) to educate people on the impodance ofthe exploration of Uranus
(D) to argue that Uranus' was discovered earlier than other planets
@) to present information about the discovery orbit, and rotation ofUranus

-300- Qonstdnto / Sem-2 & lntensil / 27-22

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