Regional Planning: Some Concepts
Geography Hons. Semester: 6; Paper: DSE3 Group B1:
Regional Planning
Dr. Writuparna Chakraborty
Associate Professor,
Department of Geography,
A.B.N. Seal College, Cooch Behar
The Concept of Region
‘Region’: Wide usage
• Considerable and connected part of a space or
surface; specifically, a tract of land, a country; a
district; a territory, An administrative sub-division of a
city
• To a common man: an area which suit some kind of
entrepreneurship or administration
• To a scientist/a Geographer: ‘a Region is an area
which is homogeneous in respect of some particular
set of associated conditions, whether of land or of the
people, such as industry, farming, the distribution of
population, commerce, or the general sphere of
influence of a city’ (Dickinson, 1947:1)
Region Defined
Regions are the areas within which homogeneity
prevails in terms of single or multiple criterion (such as
Physiography, Soil, Climate, Language, Religion etc.);
or they may have functional coherence in terms of
some inter-related and interacting categories of
phenomena (such as linkages, nodality etc.); or they
may be characterized according to economic attributes
i.e. agricultural productivity, cropping intensity, crop
combination.
The geographical personality of a region is marked by
its location, boundary and limits; the scale of the unit of
study may range from a few villages to a number of
countries.
Conceptual understanding:
• The concept of Region is very much linked with
‘Space’.
• Natural phenomenon or Mental construct
(Glasson,1975)
• Objective view: Region as an end in itself, a real
entity, an organism, that can be sensed or mapped
• Subjective view: Region as a means to attain an
end or an idea (or mental constructions), a model
Types of Region
On the basis of Homogeneity
REGION
FORMAL FUNCTIONAL
PHYSICA ECONOMI SOCIA POLITICA
L C L L
ECONOMIC,
INDUSTRIAL
etc.
PLANNING REGION
On the basis of Hierarchy
• Single feature (Natural,
Economic, Cultural, Others)
HOMOGENEOUS • Multi feature (Planning
Regions)
• Compage
• Axial
Nodal • Metropolitan
• Transitional Zones or
Ad hoc Depressed Areas, River
Valleys
Planning Regions
Designing & implementing development plans to
solve regional problems
Administrative importance
To equalize the discrepancies
To fetch welfare for the entire society
Klassen (1965): ‘a Planning Region must be large
enough to take investment decisions of an economic
size, must be able to supply its own industry with the
necessary labour, should have a homogeneous
economic structure, contain at least one growth point
and have a common approach to and awareness of its
problems’
Planning Regions in India
R.P. Misra (2002)
Metropolitan or City Regions
River Valley Regions
Axial Development Regions
Transitional or Depressed Regions
Compage envisaged by Derwent Whittlesey in a
Report on Regional Geography of USA. Studying a
region from different aspects yet integrated as a
whole.
Hierarchy of Planning Region
According to Misra, Sundaram and Prakasa Rao
(1974): 3 major area levels of operation
Macro- conceived for regional development
Meso- sub divisions of the macro regions
Micro - conventional Planning Regions
The Concept of Regional Planning
What is Planning?
‘The process of thinking through and implementing set
of appropriate actions to achieve some goals’
(Johnston et al., 1981)
Friedmann: Planning is primarily a way of thinking
about social and economic problems.
Planning in our country socio-economic
development of the nation
Sequential process of Planning
(Glasson, 1975):
Identification of the problem
Formulation objectives relating to the
problem
Identification of the possible constraints
Projection of the future
Generalization and evaluation alternative
courses of action
Implementation
Continuous evaluation of the implementation
programme
What is Regional Planning?
Planning meant for a region
It is intermediate between National
Planning and Local Planning
Regional planning is the instrument
through which optimum utilization of
space and optimal distribution
pattern of human activities (Chand &
Puri, 1983: 48) is brought about.
The goals of Regional Planning:
Building of resource base & economic
opportunity
Bring about diversity strength and
economic balance
Ensure environmental improvement
Ensure general welfare.
Distribution of investment decisions
made by the sectoral units.
Goals..
Analyze the impact of the
decisions
Indicate how the sectoral
investment decisions could be
integrated at the regional level
and what advantage could be
achieved by the integration
Types of Regional Planning:
• Macro (National)
Hierarchy • Meso (Reginal)
• Micro (Local)
• Long term
• Short term
Time • Ad hoc
• Physical
Structure • Economic
Types..
Allocative Planning/Regulatory Planning &
Innovative Planning/ Development Planning
Single objective or Multiple goals/objectives
Indicative & Imperative/Command Planning
Spatial = Adaptive & Developmental
Non-spatial Planning = Sectoral planning
Normative Planning
Systems Planning
Social Planning
Environmental planning
Thank you…
