1.
Question One [38]
An iron blast furnace produces pig iron of composition 3.1% C, 1.2% Mn and rest is
iron. The burden of the blast furnace consist of the following materials.
Iron ore: 85% Fe2O3 and 15% MnO. The amount of iron ore 1608.4 kg
Coke: 89% C, 4% Al2O3 and 7% SiO2: The amount of coke 1200 kg
Flux: 100% CaO: the amount of flux is 450 kg
Approximately 212.1 kmol of air is injected at tuyeres to burn carbon into carbon
monoxide.
The slag produced is 807.8 kg with composition (weight): 55.7% CaO, 28% MnO,
10.4% SiO2 and 5.9% Al2O3.
The exit gas is about 254 kmol with composition (mole): 22.8% CO, 11.2% CO2 and
65.9% N2.
Use the Thermochemical data provided in Appendix 1, to answer the following:
1.1. Show all chemical reactions occurring in a blast furnace generating heat. (10)
1.2. Show all chemical reactions occurring in a blast furnace absorbing heat. (14)
1.3. Calculate the total heat in Mcal absorbed by the endothermic reactions (14)
2. Question Two [14]
A slag composed of MgO, P2O5 and Al2O3 ionizes into PO43- and AlO2- anions.
Calculate the slag composition provided that the mole fraction of MgO is 0.65.
3. Question Three [18]
Consider manganese in liquid iron saturated with 3 wt% carbon in equilibrium with
the slag in a blast furnace hearth at temperature of 1873 K. The pressure of CO in
the furnace is 3 atm, meanwhile, the slag consist of 0.49 CaO, 0.48 SiO2, and 0.03
MnO mole fractions. Furthermore, the activity coefficient of MnO in slag is 0.067.
From the following information:
(MnO) + [C] = [Mn] + (CO); ∆G°1873 = − 113060.35 J
C
eMn
Mn = 0; eMn = − 0.054
3.1. Calculate the quantity of manganese (%Mn) in Iron (10)
3.2. Calculate the metal-slag manganese partition coefficient (8)
TOTAL [70]
END
Appendix 1
Thermochemical Data
Heat/enthalpies of reaction, solution and change of state Enthalpies
(kcal/mol)
C + O2 = CO2 ∆H° = −94
1 ∆H° = −26.4
C + O = CO
2 2
Si + O2 = SiO2 ∆H° = −205
2Fe + O2 = 2FeO ∆H° = −126.4
3 ∆H° = −196
2Fe + O = Fe2 O3
2 2
< Fe > = (Fe) ∆Hf = 3.6
< Si > = (Si) ∆Hf = 11
< SiO2 > = (SiO2 ) ∆Hf = 2
< CaO > = (CaO) ∆Hf = 12
< FeO > = (FeO) ∆Hf = 7.7
< Si > = [Si]Fe,wt% ∆HSol = −28
< C > = [C]Fe,wt% ∆HSol = 5.4
1 ∆H° = −92
Mn + O = MnO
2 2
2(CaO) + SiO2 = 2CaO. SiO2 ∆H° = −24.4
< Al2 O3 > = (Al2 O3 ) ∆Hf = 26
(S2 ) = 2[S]Fe,wt% ∆HSol = −63.04
< Mn > = [Mn]Fe,wt% ∆HSol = 0
(P2 ) = 2[P]Fe,wt% ∆HSol = −58.5
5 ∆H° = −360
2P + O = P2 O5
2 2
(H2 O) = (H2 O)v ∆Hv = 9.7
Appendix 2
