1. 3.22g of hydrated sodium sulphate, Na2SO4.X H2O were heated to a constant mass of 1.42 g.

determine the value of x in the formula (Na=23.0, S = 32.0, O = 16, H = 1)

2. 100cm3 of 2M Nitric(V) acid reacted with 12.5g of a carbonate MCO3 of metal M, calculate

the relative atomic mass of M (C = 12, O = 16)

3. Suppose 180cm3 of a 2.0M solution is diluted to 1.0dm3 . What will be the concentration of

the resulting solution?

4. Calculate the mass of zinc carbonate that would remain if 17.0g of zinc carbonate was reacted

with 50 cm3 of 4M nitric acid. The equation of the reaction is: ZnCO3 (g) + 2HNO3 (aq) Zn

(NO3) 2 + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) (Zn=65.4, C=12.0, O=16.0)

5. A certain carbonate XCO3 , reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid according to the equation

given below: XCO3(s) +2HCl (aq) XCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) If 4g of the carbonate reacts

completely with 40cm3 of 2M hydrochloric acid, calculate the relative atomic mass of X.

(C=12.0 ,O=16.0, Cl=35.5).

6. 60cm3 of oxygen gas diffused through a porous hole in 50seconds. How long will it take

80cm3 of sulphur(iv)oxide to diffuse through the same hole under the same conditions (S=32.0 ,

O=16).

7. Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas produced at s.t.p when 1.15g of sodium metal react with

water. (Na=23, molar gas volume=22400cm3 ) (3mks)

8. 5.0g of calcium carbonate were allowed to react with 25cm3 of 1.0M hydrochloric acid until

there was no further reaction. Calculate the mass of calcium carbonate that remained unreacted.

(Ca =40.0, O=16.0, C= 12.0) (3mks)

MOLES/GAS LAWS/ NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS – APRIL

HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT

9). 25cm3 of 0.1M sulphuric (VI) acid required 20cm3 of sodium carbonate solution for

complete neutralization

.a) Calculate the concentration of sodium carbonate in moles per litre.

10. 40cm3 of carbon (II) oxide and 40 cm3 of oxygen were sparked in a closed vessel.

(b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction that occurs. (1mk)

(c) Determine the composition of the residual gases.

11. When 3.12g of hydrated aluminum oxide (Al2O3.nH2O) was heated to a constant mass,

2.06g of aluminum oxide was obtained. Determine the value of n in hydrated aluminium oxide.

(Al=27.0,O=16.0 H=1.0)

12. D grams of potassium hydroxide were dissolved in distilled water to make 100cm3 of

solution. 50cm3 of the solution required 50cm3 of 2.0M nitric acid for complete neutralization.

Calculate the mass D of potassium hydroxide. KOH (aq) + HNO3 (l) KNO3 (aq) + H2O (l)

(relative formula of KOH=56)

13. 20cm3 of an unknown gas Q takes 12.6 seconds to pass through small orifice.10cm3 of

oxygen gas takes 11.2 seconds to diffuse through the same orifice under the same conditions of

temperature and pressure .Calculate the molecular mass of unknown gas Q ( O=16)

14. A compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen contains 71.12% by mass of oxygen, 2.25%

hydrogen and the rest is carbon. It has relative molecular mass of 90. a) Determine the empirical

formula of the compound. (2mks) b) Determine the molecular formula of the compound. (2mks)
15. A mass of 3.2g of XOH reacts completely with 20cm3 of 2M sulphuric (vi) acid. (O=16,

H=1)

(i) Write the equation for the reaction. (1mk)

(ii) Calculate the relative atomic mass of X in the formula XOH. (2mks)

16. A mass of 2.5g of acid HX was dissolved in water and the resulting solution was diluted to a

total of 250cm3 , 15cm3 of the final solution was required to neutralize 25.0cm3 of 0.1M

aqueous potassium hydroxide. Calculate the relative molecular mass of the acid
17. When a certain hydrocarbon burnt completely in excess oxygen 5.28g of Carbon (IV) oxide

and 2.16g of water were formed. If the molecular mass of the hydrocarbon is 84, determine the

molecular formula of the hydrocarbon

18. Zinc carbonate decomposes on heating producing a gaseous product and a residue. What

volume of the gaseous product at s.t.p is produced from 2.5 g of the carbonate? ( Zn = 65,

C=12,O=16 M.G.V at s.t.p = 22400cm3 )

19. Calculate the volume of chlorine gas in cm3 (measured at s.t.p) that is formed when a

current of 0.9 A is passed through a solution of concentrated sodium chloride for 30 minutes. (Na

= 23, Cl = 35.5, Faraday constant = 96500, M.G V = 22.4dm3 )

20. 20cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution containing 8.0g/dm3 were required for complete

neutralization of 0.18g of a dibasic acid H2X. Determine the R.M.M of the acid.

21. A hydrocarbon gas Y in which the percentage of hydrogen by mass is 14.3% occupies a

volume of 2.24dm3 at s.t.p and weighs 7g. Determine the empirical formula of y. (C=12,H=1)
22.Zinc metal and hydrochloric acid reacts according to the following equation Zn(s) + 2HCl

(aq) ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g) 1.96g of Zinc metal were reacted with 100cm3 of 0.2M hydrochloric

acid

a) Determine the reagent that was in excess (Zn=65.2; Molar gas volume at s.t.p 22.4 liters)

(b) Calculate the total volume of hydrogen gas that was liberated at s.t.p

23. 0.9g of potassium chloride and potassium carbonate mixture completely reacted with 25cm3

of 0.2M hydrochloric acid

(i) Write an equation of the reaction which takes place

(ii) Determine the number of moles of the acid used

(iii) Calculate the percentage of potassium chloride in the mixture (K=39.0;C=12.0;O=16.0)

23.A compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen contains 57.15% carbon, 4.76% hydrogen and

the rest oxygen. If its relative molecular mass is 126, find its molecular formula. (C= 12, O= 16,

H= 1)
24.0.63g of lead powder were dissolved in excess nitric (V) acid to form lead (II) nitrate

solution. All the lead (II) nitrate was then reacted with sodium sulphate solution.

a) Write an ionic equation for the reaction between sodium sulphate solution and lead (II) nitrate

solution.

b) Determine the mass of the lead salt formed in the reaction in a) above (Pb = 207, S = 32,

O =16)

25.A certain carbonate, QCO3, reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid according to the equation

given below: QCO3(S) +2HCl(aq) →QCl2(aq) +CO2(g) + H2O(l)

i) If 1g of the carbonate reacts completely with 20cm³ of 1M hydrochloric acid. Calculate the

relative atomic mass of Q. (C = 12.0, O=16.0)

26.10cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon, C2HX required 30cm3 of oxygen for complete

combustion.

i) If steam and 20cm3 of carbon (IV) oxide were produced, what is the value of X?

27.When a hydrated sample of CaSO4.xH2O was heated until all water was lost, the following

data was recorded( Mass of crucible = 30.296 g Mass of crucible + hydrated salt = 33.111 g

Mass of crucible + anhydrous salt = 32.781 g

Determine the empirical formula of the hydrated salt. (CaSO4=136, H2O=18).

28.A gas occupies 4 litres at 250K and 152mmHg pressure. At what pressure will its volume be

halved, if the temperature then is 2270C?

29.60cm3 of oxygen diffused through a porous plate in 20 seconds. How long will it take

120cm3 of carbon (iv) oxide gas to diffuse through the same plate under the same conditions?

(C=12 , O=16)

30.A fixed mass of a gas has a volume of 250cm3 at a temperature of 270C and 750mmHg

pressure. Calculate the volume the gas would occupy at 420C and 750mmHg.
31.50cm3 of oxygen gas diffused through a porous plug in 80 seconds. How long will it take

100cm3 of carbon (IV) oxide gas to diffuse through the same plug?

32.In a titration experiment, a student was provided with the following:- − Solution R which

was 0.408M HCl − Solution S containing 6.9g of a metal carbonate M2CO3 in 250cm3 solution

Upon titration, 24.5cm3 of solution R was required to completely neutralize 25cm3 of solution S.

Determine the following. a. Molarity of solution S b. Formula mass of M2CO3 c. Relative

atomic mass of M
33.2.1g of a compound of carbon and hydrogen burns to form 6.6g of carbon (IV) oxide and 2.7g

of water. a) Determine the empirical formula of this compound (C=12, H=1, O=16) b) Given that

the molecular mass of the compound is 42, determine its molecular formula

34.10cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon were mixed with 33cm3 of oxygen gas which was in excess.

The mixture was exploded and after cooling to room temperature, the residual volume of gas

occupied 28cm3 . On adding concentrated potassium hydroxide, the volume decreased to 8cm3 .

Work out the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon

35.400cm3 of Nitrogen gas diffuses through a porous plug in 70seconds. How long would it

200cm3 of Carbon (IV) oxide to diffuse through the same porous pot? (C=12, O=16, N=14)

36.20.0cm3 of NaOH solution containing 8.0gdm-3 were required for complete neutralization of

0.118g of a dibasic acid. Calculate the Relative Molecular Mass (R.M.M) of the acid. (Na=23,

O=16, H=1
37.A dibasic acid H2C2O4.nH2O of concentration 6.3g/dm3 was titrated against NaOH solution.

25cm3 of the acid solution required 15.6cm3 of 0.16MNaOH for complete neutralization.

Calculate the value of n in the formula. (H=1, O=16, C=12)

38.15g of sodium chloride was dissolved in 120cm3 of distilled water. Calculate the

concentration of chloride ions in moles per litre. (Na = 23, Cl = 35.5)

39.The volume of a gas at 300C and 780mmHg is 400cm3 . What will be its volume at 500Cat

600mmHg?

40.0.318g of an oxide of metal M was completely reduced by hydrogen gas to 0.254g of metal.

Calculate empirical formula of the metal oxide. (M = 63.5, O = 16). REVISION QUESTIONS

41.A solution was made by dissolving 8.2g of calcium nitrate to give 2 litres of solution. (Ca=

40.0; N=14.0; O= 16.0). Determine the concentration of nitrate ions in moles per litre.
42.When 15 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon, P, was burnt in 100cm3 of oxygen, the resulting

gaseous mixture occupied 70 cm3 at room temperature and pressure. When the gaseous mixture

was passed through potassium hydroxide solution, its volume decreased to 25 cm3 .

(a) What volume of oxygen was used during the reaction?

(b) Determine the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon

43.An alkanol has the following composition by mass: hydrogen 13.5%, oxygen 21.6% and

carbon 64.9%. Determine the empirical formula of the alcohol (C=12.0; H=1.0) =16.0)

44.6.84g of aluminium sulphate were dissolve in 150cm3 of water. Calculate the molar

concentration of the sulphate ions in the solution. (Relative formula mass of aluminium sulphate

is 342)
45.Describe how the percentage by mass of copper in copper carbonate can be determined.

46.When a hydrated sample of calcium sulphate CaSO4.xH2O was heated until all the water was

lost, the following data recorded; Mass of crucible = 30.296 g Mass of crucible +hydrated salt =

33.111 g Mass of crucible + anhydrous salt = 32.781 g

Determine the empirical formula of the hydrated salt. (Relative formula mass of CaSO4 =136,

H2O =18).
47.Phosphoric acid is manufactured from calcium phosphate according to the following

equation. Ca3(PO4)2(s) + 3H(aq) + 3CaSO4(s)

(i)Calculate the mass (in kg) of phosphoric acid that would be obtained if 155 kg of calcium

phosphate reacted completely with the acid. (Ca=40, P=31, S=32, O=16, H=1)

48.In an experiment to determine the percentage of magnesium hydroxide in an anti-acid, a

solution containing 0.50 g of the anti-acid was neutralized by 23.0 cm3 of 0.010M hydrochloric

acid. (Relative formula mass of magnesium hydroxide =58) Determine the:

(a) Mass of magnesium hydroxide in the anti-acid;

(b) Percentage of magnesium hydroxide in the anti-acid.

49.When 8.53g of sodium nitrate were heated in an open tube, the mass of oxygen gas produced

was 0. 83g.Given the equation of the reaction is: 2NaNO 2NaNO2(s) + O2(g) Calculate the

percentage of sodium nitrate that was converted to sodium nitrite.

50.Aluminium oxide reacts with both acids and bases.

a) Write an equation for the reaction between aluminium oxide and hydrochloric acid.

b) Using the equation in (a) above, calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid that

would react completely with 153.0g of aluminium oxide. (Al = 27.0, O= 16.0)
51.The pressure of nitrogen gas contained in a 1 dm3 cylinder at -196 °C was 107 Pascals.

Calculate the:

(a) Volume of the gas at 25 °C and 105 Pascals.

(b) Mass of nitrogen gas. (Molar volume of gas is 24 dm3 , N = 14.0)

52.Analysis of a compound showed that it had the following composition: 69.42% carbon,

4.13% hydrogen and the rest oxygen.

(a) Determine the empirical formula of the compound. (C = 12.0, H = 1.0, O = 16.0)
(b) If the mass of one mole of the compound is 242, determine its molecular formula. 53.10 cm3

of a gaseous hydrocarbon, C2HX required 30cm3 of oxygen for complete combustion.

(c) If 20cm3 steam and 20 cm3 of carbon (IV) oxide were produced, what is the value of x?

54.The data given below was recorded when metal M was completely burnt in air. M is not the

actual symbol of the metal. (R.A.M; M=56, O=16)

( Mass of empty crucible and lid =10.240g Mass of crucible, lid and metal M =10.352g Mass of

crucible, lid and metal oxide = 10.400g)

(a) Determine the mass of:

(i) Metal M

(ii) Oxygen

(b) Determine the empirical formula of the metal oxide.

55.10cm3 of concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid was diluted to 100 cm3 . 10 cm3 of the resulting

solution was neutralised by 36 cm3 of 0.1M sodium hydroxide solution. Determine the mass of

sulphuric (VI) acid that was in the concentrated acid. (S = 32.0; H= 1.0; O =16.0).
56.The empirical formula of A is CH2Br. Given that 0.470g of A occupies a volume of 56 cm3

at 546K and 1 atmosphere pressure, determine its molecular formula. (H = 1.0, C= 12.0, Br =

80.0, molar gas volume at STP = 22.4 dm3 )

57.When 15 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon, P, was burnt in 100cm3 of oxygen, the resulting

gaseous mixture occupied 70 cm3 at room temperature and pressure. When the gaseous mixture

was passed through potassium hydroxide solution, its volume decreased to 25 cm3 . (a) What

volume of oxygen was used during the reaction? (b) Determine the molecular formula of the

hydrocarbon.
58.100cm3 of 0.05 M sulphuric (VI) acid were placed in a flask and a small quantity of

anhydrous sodium carbonate added. The mixture was boiled to expel all the carbon (IV) oxide.

25cm3 of the resulting solution required 18 cm3 of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution to

neutralize it. Calculate the mass of sodium carbonate added. (Na = 23.0; O=16.0; C=12.0)

59.Calculate the mass of Zinc oxide that will just neutralize dilute nitric (V) acid containing 12.6

g of nitric (V) acid in water. (Zn = 65.0; O =16.0, H = 1.0, N = 14.0).

60.Zinc oxide can be obtained by heating zinc nitrate. A student heated 5.76 g of zinc nitrate. (a)

Write an equation for the reaction that occurred. (b) Calculate the total volume of gases

produced. (Molar gas volume is 24 dm3 ; Zn = 65.4; O = 16.0; N = 14.0).

61.5 g of calcium carbonate was strongly heated to a constant mass.Calculate the mass of the

solid residue formed. (Ca = 40.0; C = 12.0; 0 = 16.0).

62.Name an appropriate apparatus that is used to prepare standard solutions in the laboratory.

63.30.0 cm3 of aqueous sodium hydroxide containing 8.0 g per litre of sodium hydroxide were

completely neutralised by 0.294 g of a dibasic acid. Determine the relative formula mass of the

dibasic acid. (Na = 23.0; O = 16.0; H 1.0)

64.12.0cm3 of 0.05 M hydrochloric acid reacted with calcium hydrogen carbonate to form

calcium chloride, water and carbon (IV) oxide

a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction

b) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used

c) Determine the number of moles of calcium hydrogen carbonate used.

65.Copper (II) nitrate was heated carefully and the gases produced passed over water. A

colourless gas is collected over water.

a) Write an equation to show its decomposition.

b) If 9.4g of the solid was heated, determine the volume of the gas collected at R.T.P. (Cu= 64,

N=14, O= 16, molar gas volume at R.T.P = 24 dm3 )

66. 3.0g of an organic compound containing Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only produced 4.4g

of Carbon (IV) oxide and 1.8g of water on complete combustion. a) Calculate its empirical

formula. b) Calculate in molecular formula if its formula mass is 60.

67.A volume of 10cm3 of ethene gas (C2H4) was exploded with 50cm3 of oxygen.

a) Write the equation of the reaction for the combustion of ethene.

b) Calculate the volume of gaseous mixture.

68.A given mass of gas T diffuses through a porous plug in 48 seconds while a similar mass of

gas R diffuse in 70 seconds. Given that the density of gas T is 0.6g/cm3, find the density of gas
69.In a reaction 20cm3 of 0.1m sodium carbonate completely reacted with 13cm3 of dilute

sulphuric (V) acid. Find the concentration of suphuric acid in moles per litres

70.120cm3 of methane gas takes 30 seconds to diffuse through a certain membrane. Determine

the rate of diffusion of sulphur (IV) oxide gas through the same membrane (C=12, H=1, S=32,

O=16)
71.Concentrated hydrochloric acid that is 35% pure has a density of 1.18g/cm3 . Calculate its

concentration in moles per litre. (H=1.0 Cl=35.5)

72.24cm³ of a solution of 0.1 M potassium hydroxide were exactly neutralized by 30cm³ of a

solution of sulphuric acid. Find the molarity of the acid.

73.Laboratory results showed the composition of a compound to be 58.81% barium, 13.72%,

sulphur and 27.47% Oxygen. Calculate the empirical formula of the compound. Ba=137, S = 32,

O = 16).

74.15cm3 of a solution containing 2.88g/dm3 of an alkali XOH completely reacts with 20cm3 of

0.045M sulphuric acid. Calculate the molarity and relative atomic mass of X present in the alkali.
75.A solution was made by dissolving 10g sodium hydroxide containing inset impurities in

water and making it to 250cm3 of solution. If 20 cm3 of this solution is neutralized exactly by

15cm3 of 1M hydrochloric acid, calculate the percentage purity of sodium hydroxide. (Na = 23,

O=16, H=1)
GEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS

1. The first step in the industrial manufacture of nitric acid is the catalytic oxidation of ammonia

gas. (a) What is the name of the catalyst used? (1 mark)

(b) Write the equation for the catalytic oxidation of ammonia (1 mark)

(c) Nitric acid is used to make ammonium nitrate, state two uses of ammonium nitrate. (1 mark)

2. In an experiment, a few drops of concentrated nitric acid were added to aqueous iron(II)

sulphate in a test-tube. Excess sodium hydroxide solution was then added to the mixture.

(a) State the observations that were made when: (i) Concentrated nitric acid was added to

aqueous iron (II) sulphate (1mark) (ii) Excess sodium hydroxide was added to the mixture.

(1mark)

(b) Write an ionic equation for the reaction which occurred in (a) (ii) above. (1mark)

3. The elements nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium are essential for plant growth.

(i) Potassium in fertilizers may be in the form of potassium nitrate. Describe how a sample of a

fertilizer may be tested to find out if it contained nitrate ions. (2 marks)

(ii) Calculate the mass of nitrogen present if a 25kg bag contained pure ammonium phosphate,

(NH4)2HPO4. (N = 14.0, H=1.0, P = 31.0, O = 16.0) (2 marks)

4. When magnesium was burnt in air, a solid mixture was formed. On addition of water to the

mixture a gas which turned moist red litmus paper blue was evolved. Explain these observations.

(2 marks)
5. (a) Describe the process by which Nitrogen is obtained from air on a large scale. (4 marks)

MOLES/GAS LAWS/ NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS – APRIL HOLIDAY

ASSIGNMENT 1 Page

10 (b) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

Identify gas J. (1 mark)

(i) ii) Using oxidation numbers, show that ammonia is the reducing agent in step (VI) (2

marks)

(ii) (iii)Write the equation for the reaction that occurs in step (V). (1 mark) (iv)Give one use

of ammonium nitrate. (1 mark)

(iii) 6. Figure 3 is a flow chart that shows the process that occurs in the manufacture of

nitric(v)acid.

(iv) MOLES/GAS LAWS/ NITROGEN AND ITS COMPOUNDS – APRIL HOLIDAY

ASSIGNMENT 1 Page 11