El Renacimiento - kevin's report

nationalist journal founded at the very beginning of September 1901 with the intention of providing “the best writing of
those which had risen in the Philippines” [Retana 1906: 1791]. It was run from 1903 by Fernando Maria Guerrero, who
had previously been the editor, under the editorial board of Rafael Palma
The Tagalog edition of El Renacimiento is called Muling Pagsilang.

Two Stages of El Renacimiento:

1. El Renacimiento: Diario Filipino (1901-1904)
2. El Renacimiento: Diario Filipino Independiente (1905-1908)
The causes, topics and issues fought by El Renacimiento:
1. Slavery (1903)
-Slavery in Manila ? Was published in 5 January, 1903 in El Renacimiento: Diario Filipino
2. William Howard Taft Continuance in the Archipelago (1903)
-Taftʼs March was published in 10 January 1903 on El Renacimiento: Diario Filipino and A Great Popular Demonstration
Mr. Taft in 12 January 1903
3. Continuity of Spanish as the Official Language (1903) - On 12 May 1905, an editorial titled Spanish as an
Official Language was published in El Renacimiento
Newspapers such as El Grito del Pueblo, El Adelanto, El Mercantil, Libertas, La Democracia, and El Comercio
advocated for the continuity of Spanish as the official language.
Cayetano Arellano, who was the first chief justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines under the American Civil
Government. In 1905 Information from El Ranacimiento. View on the Official Language was published on 19 May 1905
in El Renacimiento: Diario Filipino Independiente
4. Campaign Against the Abuses of the Constabulary (1904)
-Landronism (act of thievalry) is an act of 18 July 1901 provided for the organization of a force not exceeding 150
privates, 4 sergeants, and 8 corporals in each province.
Five Topics Raised by El Renacimiento in 1905 and 1906
1. The denunciation of the constabulary
2. The exaltation of the continuity of Spanish in the Philippines
3. The question of the Filipino soul
4. The publication of a copy of the Memorial asking for the independence of the Philippines presented to Taftʼs
party by Filipino citizens in 1905
5. The complaints about Taftʼs double standards

In June 16 1905, The Freedom of the Press was published in El Renacimiento: Diario Filipino Independiente.
General Henry Tureman Allen took legal action for libel against El Renacimiento.
On 30 June 1905, Fernando M. Guerrero, Martin Ocampo, and Lope K. Santos received the second libel lawsuit. U. S.
newspapers in the Philippines, such as Cablenews and the Manila Times, supported this accusation.
ladronism and for the hatred of the U.S. Government. In El Renacimiento: Diario Filipino Independiente the Concerning
our Process was published on13 July 1905
In 1906 LeRoy, Taftʼs brain, reacted to an editorial in El Renacimiento titled “No, Mr. LeRoy was published on El
Renacimiento: Diario Filipino Independiente in 18 September 1906
The U. S. government felt threatened by the publication of the Memorial asking for the independence of the Philippines
on 29 August 1905.
LeRoyʼs letter was published in supplements of El Renacimiento on 17, 19, 22 and 24 January 1907
on 30 October 1908 it published an editorial titled “Birds of Prey.

RIDDLES DURING THE PRE-COLONIAL TIMES

Pre-colonial Literature in the Philippines

• It is oral in nature. It contains ideas from birth to grave.
• The oral characteristics of Pre-colonial literature gives the possibility for many alterations.
• In the Philippine context, no matter how it may be altered, Pre-colonial literature is still revered to by many
Filipinos.
• The sources are usually the local native town folk.

What is a Riddle?
• A mystifying, misleading, or puzzling question posed as a problem to be solved or guessed.
• These are statements that contain superficial words, but they function as metaphors, and are in the form of
questions.
• Something difficult to understand.
• These are questions that demand deeper answers. It also deals with everyday life.
• This is used in the past as a form of game in small or large gatherings.

Examples of Riddles During the Pre-colonial Times:

1. Riddle from Bisaya:
A wild pig of the forest, is covered with spikes.
Answer: JACKFRUIT
2. Riddle from Meranaw (Maranao):
It dived; it rose.
Answer: NEEDLE
3. Riddle from Chabacano (Chavacano):
You keep on slashing it, but it does not penetrate.
Answer: WATER
4. Neither king nor priest, but has a variety of clothes.
Answer: CLOTHESLINE
5. It is a tree trunk but is without fruit. It has leaves but has no branches.
Answer: LADLE

Purposes of a Riddle
• To entertain: Living in remote areas, before the advent of electricity, families would sit around the fire and the
elders would quiz the younger generation with riddles.
• To educate: Riddles serve the function of passing down from one generation to the next. They require thinking
in order to solve.
• To titillate: Many old Filipino riddles contain double entendres that were intended to amuse the men and shock
the women.
• To curse, without expressly cursing: A riddle could be made up against an enemy, rival town, or suitor.
• To preserve the culture: Riddles communicate the old ways from one generation to the next

Urbana and Feliza - Aira's report

MODESTO DE CASTRO
 He is a writer in Tagalog, catholic priest, orator, and moralist.
 He was born in Biñan, Laguna in the first half of the Nineteenth (19th) Century.
 He studied at Real Colegio de San Jose in Manila.
 'Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog'
 Among are his well known works: Urbana at Feliza, Plasticas Doctrinales, and Novena of St. Isidro
 King of Prose

CHARACTERS
 Urbana- eldest of the siblings, her name symbolizes "urbanization" which was expressed through her civilized
and sophisticated nature.
 Feliza- middle child, her name in Spanish "feliz" means joy which was shown in the story as happiness in being
obedient and kind.
 Honesto-youngest of the siblings, derived from the word "honesty" which was highly valued in the story
alongside grace and power.
THE LITERARY FORM
• Epistolary style wherein the novel consists of thirty-four letters members of a family in Paombong, Bulacan.
• The term "epistolary novel" refers to the works of fiction that are written in the form of letters or other documents.
• "Epistolary" is simply the adjectival form of the noun epistle, from the Latinized Greek for letter.
LITERARY GENRE
The literary genre is a narrative prose because the literature tells the definite actions. In the letters they keep on
exchanging conversation that expresses the happenings on their personal lives.
LITERARY STANDARD
• Spiritual Value - the quality of literature that has the capacity to uplift and inspire;
The literary genre is a narrative prose
MORAL LESSON
The moral of this story Urbana and Feliza, focuses on about showing good morals and social etiquette.
THEME OF THE STORY
Family-Perseverance-Social Etiquette-Always have respect for yourself

Diff. Plays during us colonization- Maureen's report

PHILIPPINE LITERATURE DURING AMERICAN PERIOD(1898-1945)

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The Filipino Revolutionists won against the Spaniards who colonized for more than 300 years.
June 12, 1898 raised the Philippine Flag as a symbol of our independence at Kawit, Cavite by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
1903 - The Filipino-American war resulted in the defeat of Gen. Miguel Malvar.
Their writings clearly depicted their LOVE FOR COUNTRY and their LONGINGS FOR INDEPENDENCE.
IN 1910
A new group started to write in English. Hence, Spanish, Tagalog, the Vernaculars and finally English, were the
mediums used in literature during these times.
The writers in Tagalog continued in their attempts to arouse love for one's native tongue. The writers in English imitated
the themes and methods of the Americans.
OPENING OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS
EDUCATION became a very important issue for the United States Colonial Government, since it allowed it to spread
their cultural values, particularly the English language, to the Filipino people.
By 1901, Public Education was institutionalized in the Philippines, with English serving the medium of instruction.
During the American Period in the Philippines, the literary creation was motivated by two significant developments in
education and culture:
The introduction of free public instruction for all children of school age and;
The use of English as medium of instruction in all levels of education in public schools.
The Americans used education as a vehicle of the program "benevolent assimilation?" Moreover, American soldiers
served as the first teachers who were known as "Thomasites."
During the Period of Apprenticeship (1910- 1930), the Filipino writers imitated English and American models were also
plays written then but after the first and second presentation was held in Zorilla Theatre, the Americans put a stop to this
because of the consistent theme of nationalism. Included here were the following:
1. Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow), is a drama simboliko in three acts written &
directed by Aurelio Tolentino which was, first staged at the Teatro Libertad in Manila on May 14, 1903.
2. Tanikalang Ginto (Golden Chain) is a drama in three acts written by Juan Abad in 1902. Ang Tanikalang Ginto
made its Batangas debut on May 10, 1903, in the town of Batangas.
3. Malaya (Free) by Tomas Remigio. His best- known work, Malaya, was considered one of the finest nationalist
play written during the American Period. A three-acts Drama b simboliko or "seditious" play written in Spain in-
1898. First staged at Dulaang Luzon in Santa Cruz, Manila on 26 August, 1902.
Spirit of Independence and the Magtanggol (the Filipino army).
4. Walang Sugat, which literally means "no wound or unwounded", is a Tagalog-language zarzuela written by
Filipino playwright, Severino Reyes in 1898. The music for the original version of the play was written by b
Filipino composer Fulgencio Tolentino. Walang Sugat was written when the zarzuela (a Spanish lyric-dramatic
genre that induced music, singing, and poetry)
To my lady in laoag - Prima's report
Proceso Sebastian
- a Filipino lawyer, politician, and diplomat. born in Claveria, Cagayan on January 26, 1892.
- he served as a member of the sixth Philippine Legislature as a Representative from the second district of Cagayan
from 1922 to 1925.
he had a diverse range of activities, including reading, writing, singing, exercising, and playing cards.
- he serving in all three branches of the government - executive, legislative, and judiciary.
To my Lady in Laoag was wrote by Mr. Proceso Sebastian in the year of 1909. His work was been published together
with "My mother and its air castle" written by John Salazar. These two works was been published in Renacimiento in
1909.
Lady in Laoag wrote by Proceso Sebastion was under the Period of Re-orientation from the year of 1898 to 1910. The
Philippine-American War was part of the Period of Re-orientation, which spanned the formative years of the American
period and the arrival of Americans on Philippines coasts. Even throughout the war, Americans created public education
systems in pacified areas. English was employed as a mode of instruction in public schools on Corregidor Island as
early as 1900.

Justo Juliano - esoy report

A Filipino Poet and Advo Philippine Independence.
Born on December 6, 1887 in Manila
He studied at the University of Sa Tomas, where he earned his Bachelor's degree in Literature. And went to earn his
master's degree in Harvard University, where he studied under Carl Becker and Thomas Sowell.
Dr. Justo N. Juliano
Dr. Juliano worked as an English Professor at the University of the Phillipines (UP) for over 40 years before retiring as
an associate professor in 1992.
His patriotic piece "Sursum Corda" is the first known Filipino poem published in English and appeared on the Philippines
free press in 1907.
Sursum Corda means " Lift up your Hearts"
The poem Sursum Corda by Dr. Justo Juliano is one of the most important pieces of literature in the world as it
represents a period history when the country was going through a very hard time. The poem is written in a very poetic
style and describes how at the time, people were trying to cope with the situation they were living in, which was very
difficult one to deal with now. The poem also give us an insight into how people were thingking about their lives at that
time and what they thought would happen in the mere future.it shows us how much effort it took them to live their lives
and how much courage required them to face whatever challenges ce their way.

my mother - libag's report

Juan F. Salazar
Salazar was born in 1889 in San Roque, Cavite.
He joined The Philippine Republic in 1913, a Filipino weekly publication in Hong-Kong.
The following year, he returned to the country as a reporter for La Democracia and El Renacimiento Filipino.
Among his works are, "My Mother" and "Air Castles" published in 1909.
Juan F. Salazar
Juan F. Salazar's biography was the history of the beginning of Filipino-English literature, of the growth of English as the
vehicle and it's triumph over the criterion that English is too exotic to reflect the native mood, the mannerism, the
idiosyncracies of the Filipino mind.
The poem "My Mother" by Juan F. Salazar is a touching tribute to the speaker's mother.
The poem used imagery which creates a vivid picture of the mother and her actions.
For example, the speaker describes how his mother "sewed the wounds in my knees/ with needle and thread/ and a
kiss on my forehead"
Juan F. Salazar
Salazar acknowledges that, as a child, he sometimes took her mother for granted and did not fully appreciate her love
and sacrifices. However, as he has grown older, he has come to understand the depth of her devotion and the ways in
which she shaped his life.
Excerpts from the poem
I was often wayward and reckless, But she loved me just the same; And when I was cruel and heartless Her heart
condoned the same.
Her face, like an angel's, grow brighter With the passing of the years, And her voice makes the dark places lighter As
she wipes away my tears.
No task was too great for her fingers;
Now, they're wrinkled, twisted and bent; Ah, my memory fondly lingers On her ministries, heaven sent.
My mother, my beautiful mother Thank God for your life sublime, You have thought us sisters and brother, The nobliest
lesson of time.
Overall, the poem "My Mother" is a beautiful and heartfelt tribute to a mother's love and the lasting impact it can have on
a child's life. The poem reminds us of the importance of gratitude and appreciation for the people who have played a
significant role in shaping who we are today.
Nevermind and other poems by Procopio Solidum
Procopio Solidum holds the distinction of being the first Filipino to publish of poems in English- Never mind and other
Poems. Published in 1921, this book exemplifies the kind of poetry written by those Filipinos who first ventured to
express their vision of life in the new language.
Procopio Solidum was born in Cadiz, Negros Occidental, on July 6,1901. he is the son of Jayme Solidum and Columba
Lopez-Vito. He studied in the barrio school of Sicaba and later at the Cadiz Central School where he wrote his first
poem, "Your Early Time". Upon graduation from high school in 1919, Solidum left for Manila and was admitted as a
working student at the Far Eastern College (now university). The bibliographical entry in Who's Who in the Philippines
does not mention a degree received from this school, or if he completed a college course there. It appears that he
returned to Cadiz and continued his studies at the Northern College where he was also Chef Clerk. It was in this school
that his proficiency in English was first noted after he received a very high score in the test given by the Department of
Public Instruction in 1921. the same year, his first book was published, and so great was the joy of the officials of
Northern Negros College that they gave a party in his honor.
A story is told about solidum's facility with words. On November 30, 1921, some students requested him to compose a
poem on Andres Bonifacio for the celebration of National Heroes Day.
• Solidum seemed bent on a literary career when he published, in 1923, his second collection of poems, "Reveries". He
also worked as a literary editor of the Resume Literary Forum in 1923 to 1924, and Health Educator in 1924.
• Solidum was a pioneer in education as well as Philippine Literature in English. After his marriage to a school teacher,
Constancia Ballares,
November 15, 1925, he began to work not only of a school teacher but also a founder of schools. With his wife, he
settled in Ibajay, Aklan where he put up the Ibajay Academy. He saw the need for more schools and after
returning to Negros, he found sixteen private schools in Cadiz, Sagay, Victorias, and Manapla with a combined
enrollment of two thousand students. In 1932, he established a vocational school, the Queszon-Osmena
• Solidum seemed bent on a literary career when he published, in 1923, his second collection of poems, "Reveries". He
also worked as a literary editor of the Resume Literary Forum in 1923 to 1924, and Health Educator in 1924.
The year 1932 seems to mark the end of his career in education, because in 1933, he assumed the position of Special
Investigator for the Department of Labor.
• Even as he devoted himself to education, Solidum continued to publish poetry publish poetry: Soul of a Woman in
1928, Philippines Nursery Rhymes in 1934 and Woodrow Wilson and Other Poems in 1937. What is worth nothing is
that towards the end of his life, Solidum felt the need to express himself in his native Hiligaynon and was able to publish
in 1938, an epic of 550 stanzas- Ang Pagka Pilipinhon (Being a Filipino).
• What is unfortunate is that the copy of this work is to be found in negros. In 1939, Solidum published China Today, a
markedly anti- Japanese volume written in protest of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. The poems eulogize the
Chinese people, their, Chiang Kai-Sek, and portray the Japanese as the "Godless knights and Nippon Fleet"
• The poems, of course, proved prophetic in their warning to prepare for the "Pirate Lord of Asia". The last collection,
Stars and Stripes, was never published because World War II intervened.
• Solidum then died at the age of 39 of November 14, 1940, a little over a year before Pearl Harbor. He was spared the
horror of the Japanese Occupation, decidedly a blessing for someone who so feared and delested Japan's Imperial
designs on Asia.