S.G.V.V.

Trust
SHREE GAVISIDDESHWARA
COMPOSITE HIGH SCHOOL, KOPPAL.

2023-24

GAVI SPOORTI
S.S.L.C. ENGLISH
PASSING PACKAGE
Subject Teachers

1. Sri. B. Nagaraj
2. Smt. Savitri Radder
3. Sri. Gavisiddappa Hatti

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 Weightage to content

1. Prose - 20 marks
2. Poetry - 16 marks
3. Supplementary reading - 4 marks
4. grammar and vocabulary - 16 marks
5. Comprehension and composition - 24 marks

Total - 80 marks

Weightage to type of questions

Types of questions Number of questions Marks

1. MCQ 04(1marks) 4

2. VSK (very short

12(1marks) 12
answer)

3. SA-1 08(2marks) 16

4. SA-2 09(3marks) 27

5. LA-1 04(4marks) 16

6. LA-2 01(5marks) 05

Total 38 Question 80Marks

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 Language Function:

Language Functions are the content and language focus of learning tasks, usually
represented by the action verbs within the learning outcomes. They represent the purposes
for which the language is used.

Read the following conversations and answers of the language functions of the underlined
sentences.

1. Anjali : I have a party at home. Please do come.

Bindu : I would have loved to come. But please excuse me, as I have to attend a
wedding.
Answer: rejecting the invitation.
2. Pavan: I am getting married on the 28th of this month. Please do come.
Mohan: I would love to be a part of the celebrations I will be there.
Answer: Accepting the invitation.
3. Vijay : Good morning, Sir.
Dr. Pradeep : Very good morning. What can I do for you?
Vijay : Sir I’m Vijay. I’m interested in joining yoga classes. Could you please give me
the details?
Dr. Pradeep : By all means. Please, go through this brochure.
A. Giving direction B. Seeking permission C. Request D. Advice

Answer: C. Request

4. John : Hi Rosy, please come in.

Rosy : Thanks.
John : Would you mind taking off your shoes?
Rosy : Sorry, I forgot.
John : We always take off our shoes before we enter the house.
A. Apologizing B. Requesting C. Refusing D. Order.
Answer: A. Apologizing
5. Rakesh: Hi, the teacher told in the class that your essay is very good. Please allow me
to have a look at it. Will you?

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 Vilas: Yes, you may.
Rakesh: Thank you.
A) Making enquiry B) Seeking permission
C) Giving information D) Expressing agreement.
Answer: B) Seeking permission
6. Varun : Hello Vinod! Do you know the way to the post office?
Vinod : Of course! Go straight and take the first left turn. The first building is the post
office.
A) Seeking direction B) Giving direction C) Offering help D) Requesting
Answer: B) Giving direction
7. Archana : Good morning, Deepa.
Deepa : Very good morning. What can I do for you?
Archana : If you don’t mind, could I use your pen ?
Deepa : It’s a pleasure. You can.
(A) Giving direction (B) Offering help
(C) Seeking permission (D) Expressing agreement.
Answer: (C) Seeking permission
8. Arun: Hello... how are you?
Anushka: I’m fine, thank you. What about you?
Arun: I’m also fine. Why are you not attended today’s function?
A) Making enquiry B) Seeking permission
C) Giving information D) Expressing agreement
Answer: A) Making enquiry
9. Sudha : Hello Radha ! Why are you standing here?
Radha : Hello ! I’m waiting for the bus. I’ve to go to the market.
Sudha : Come, I will drop you. I’m going that way.
(A) Requesting (B) Seeking direction (C) Offering help (D) Agreeing.
Answer: (C) Offering help

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 Articles
An article is a word that goes before a noun, giving some basic information about the
noun, such as if it is singular or plural, or if the object is specific or general. The English
articles are a, an, and the.

Types of Articles,

1. Definite Article (The)

2. Indefinite Article (A, An)

1. The Definite Article

Examples 1. The Sun is rising.

2. Virat Kohli is the best batsman
3. The Cow gives milk
4. Suma is the wise girl.
5. He is The student of Shree Gavisiddeshwara high school.
2. Indefinite Article ( a or an)

Examples:
1. She's having an umbrella.
2. I'm eating an apple.
3. Ramesh is an MLA.
4. She's going to fly an aeroplane.
5. He will come in an hour.
6. It is a university.
7. He is a boy.

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 Infinetive
Ex:- 1. Rama goes to school to learn well.
a) goes b) to school c)to learn d)well
2. She sings a song to earn money ``
a)sings b)song c)to earn d)money
3. The doctors treat the patients to survive them
a)treat b)the patients c)to survive d)them
4. The teachers teach the lessons to improve the children
a)to improve b)teach c)the lessons d)the children

Question tags (There are four steps in question tags )

1. Helping Verb
2. Not Negative Word
3. Subject
4. Put The Question Mark
1. She is wise girl -isn’t she?
2. We are not bad -are we?
3. Kiran was going to school- wasn’t he?
4. People were singing weren’t there ?
5. I am reading -aren’t I?
6. S he can sing -can’t she?
7. Rama will go to school -won’t he?
8. We shall not drink- shall we?
9. I shall speak- shan’t I?
10. They will learn – won’t they?
11. Suma Sings a song -doesn't she?
12.I go to market- don’t I?
13. Rama drank milk- didn’t he?

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 Verb forms
Be form is am are was were
Have form has have had
I am going be go to school
He was singing be sing a song yesterday
They had sung have Sing a song last week
He has eaten have eat a fruit today
We are reading be read a story
6. Mother prepare (prepare) tea now
7. She went (go) to school yesterday.
8. He is writing (be+ write) a letter today.
9. They were going (be +go) to temple last week
10.I speak (speak) French today
11.The boys played(play) hockey yesterday.
12.She was singing last evening.
13.The girl ate(eat) a fruit.

Frame a question
1. Rama goes to school.
Ans: Where does Rama go?
2. Gandhi was born on oct 2 in 1869.
Ans: When was Gandhi born?
3. I eat a fruit?
Ans: What do I eat?
4. Kamala came by bus.
Ans: How did kamala came?
5. 10,000 people are in koppal.
Ans: How many people are in koppal?
6. She sang a song.
Ans: What did she sing?
7. Kamala eats the fruit.
Ans: What does kamala eat?
8. Rama is a wise boy.
Ans: How is Rama?

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 Comparison of degrees
1. Superlative degree → the, est
2. Comparative degree → er, than any other
3. Positive degree → no other
Ex:-
1. Suma is the tallest girl (Superlative degree )
2. Suma is taller than any other girl (Comparative degree)
3. No other girl is as tall as Suma. (Positive degree )
Ex:-
1. Rama is the wisest boy. (Superlative degree )
2. Rama is wiser than any other boy. (Comparative degree)
3. No other boy is as wise as Rama. (Positive degree )
Ex:-
1. Vishwas is the best boy. (Superlative degree )
2. Vishwas is more better than any other boy. (Comparative degree)
3. No other boy is as good as Vishwas. (Positive degree )

Parts of speech
1. Rama goes to school
Rama-noun
Goes-verb
To-pronoun
School-noun
2. Suma is beautiful.
Suma-noun
Is-verb
Beautiful-adjective
3. Suma is singing beautifully.
Suma-noun
Is-pronoun
Singing- verb
Beautifully-adverb
Proposition(in, into, on, under, off, to, by, our, above etc)
1. The pen is in my pocket.
2. I am going into the class.
3. The book is on the table.
4. The sky is above our head

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 Word form
1. Prakash :- did you play the cricket yesterday?
Suresh :- no I didn’t if had played I will have won the match.
a)will have b)would have
c)wouldn’t have d)won’t have
2. The boy :- you went to bus stand very late.
The girl :-no I didn’t if I went would have missed the bus.
a)would have b) wouldn’t have
c)will have d)willn’t have

Collocative word
Collocation is a predictable combination of words
1. Time-table
2. Speedy-recovery
3. Sun-rise
4. White-house
heavy rain
Arm chair
Table cloth
Honeymoon
Milky star
Money order
Mouth watering
Speedy recovery
Lighthouse
Homework
Classroom
Classmate
Wall clock
Tiffin plate
Eye ball
Long route
Post box
Post office
Bus stand

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 Nobel thoughts
Gold medal
Cashback
Weigh Bridge
Railway track
White House
Fast food
Record break
Delicious food
Long hair
Blackboard
Sound box
Draw money
Take care
Rapid growth etc
Homophones

Homophones are words that sound the same when pronounced but have different
meaning and often different spelling Fill in the blanks with homophones
1. He _(rised / raised) brick by brick the magnificent edifice of Indian constitution.
2. I’d like to _ (by / buy) some books on national leaders.
3. The day is not _ (for/ far) off when his dream becomes a reality.
4. His _ (flair /flare) for legislative work become evident to whole nation.
5. Democracy is based on free and ----------- (fare /fair) elections.
6. I sold them my property because I ------- (knew /new ) they were good people.
7. It took a ------- (weak /week) to arrange for the meeting.
8. I have agreed to sell my house and land for tweive hundred dollars and that is the ----
(prize /price)
9. There’s a close place I __ (no/ know) of .
10. Her hands reached for the ----- (steal / steel) railings above, but didn’t find anything.
11. She finally opened her eyes that ---- (knight /night) her brother was by her side.
12. He wanted to be asleep before I could ------ (return /written) home .
13. He didn’t have a wink of sleep the ----- (hole /whole) of last night.
14. A ray of light form the street lamp strayed in and ----- (cast /caste) shadows on the wall.
15. He remembered all the ------ (stories /storeys) of devils and ghosts he had heard in his
life.

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 Syllable
Syllabus is a basic unit of speech sound that forms the foundation of how
words are pronounced
a Only one vowel sound is in a word is called as one symbolic word
b There are two vowel sounds we can pronounce in a word is called as two
symbolic word
c There are three vowel sounds we can pronounce in a word is called as
three symbolic word
d There are four vowel sounds we can pronounce in a word is called as four
symbolic world
A- One B Two C Three D for
symbolic
symbolic words symbolic words symbolic
words
words
Eye Englis e n g Coconut co Conversation
– l i s h co nut co nver sa
tion
Car Ago a g o Beautiful Calculator
bea ti ful ca clu la tar
Bus Father fa Achievement Binocular
ther a chieve bi no cu
ment lars
Pen Teacher tea Colourful Education e
cher co lour ful du ca tion
School Brother Formacy Advertisement
bro ther for ma cy a dva rtise
ment
Stool Common co Flower pot Celebration
mmon flo wer pot ce le bra
tion
Board Paper pa Advertise a Watermelon
per dve ryose wa ter me
lon

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Friend Legal le gal Imagine i Conditional
ma gine co ndi tion
al
Soul People peo Ascending a
ple sce nding
Drop Study stu Descending
dy a ce nding
Key Oxen ox en Determine de
ter mine
Moon Daughter Primary pri
dau ghter ma ry
Sun Sister si Adventure a
ster dve nature
Zoo House made Direction di
house made rec tion

Tree Struggle stru Consonant

ggle con so nant
Home Freedom Reflection re
free dom flec tion
Shirt Around a Celebrate ce
round le brate
Book Cattle ca ttle Universe u
ni verse

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 Edit the Paragraph
Ram goes in school he learnt grammar quickly the teacher is teaching well a school
leaves at 5 p.m

i. Verbal mistakes-learns
ii. Preposition-to
iii. Adverb-quickly
iv. Article-the

A sun is rising on the east bright and he looks like strong and sun was setting the
evening.

i. Verbal mistakes-is
ii. Preposition-in
iii. Adverb-brightly
iv. Article-the
1. It is an advertisement of book(advertise)
2. There is always scope for improvement(improve)
3. Bring an application form the college(apply)
4. First impression is best impression(impress)

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 Letter writing
Official Letter
1. Imagine that you are Prakash/ Prema 10th GHS Hubli. write a letter to commissioner of
Mahanagar palike Hubli to repair the drainage in your area.

From
Prakash / Prema
10th standard
GHS Hubli

To,
The respected
commissioner of Mahanagar palika
Hubli

Respected Sir,

Subject : Regarding to repair the drainage.

As per the above subject myself Prakash studying at 10th standard in G H S Hubli,
kindly I request you sir. We have the drainage problem at our area so we humbly requesting
you sir. Please to repair the drainage as possible as early.

Thanking you sir

Your 's obedient

Prakash 10th standard

date : 20-11-2023
place : Hubli

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 Personal Letter

Q,2 write a letter to your father requesting him to send 500 rupees for your school fees

From,

Prakash / Prema

10th std G h s Hubli

My dear father.

I am Quite well with my study with your blessings. I hope that you were quite well I

am writing this letter to inform you that I have to pay 500 rupees examination fees so kindly

I request you please send me 500 Rupees as soon as possible.

Grateful you

Yours lovingly son

Date 25 /10/ 20 23

Place – Koppal

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 Profile writing
Given below is a profile Mr Janardhan write a paragraph using the clues given below
Age - 40
Birth date - 01-06-1983
Birth Place - Koppal
Qualification - M A B.Ed
occupation - Teacher
Hobbies - Reading novels and writing poems
(for green belt children)
A. This profile is about Mr Janardhan. He is one of the most popular teacher in Koppal .He
loves his profession with his children. He earned so many prices and rewards for his
teaching and he has good reputation in the society the children or Loving him more, he
was born on 1-6-1983 in Koppal now he is 40 years old. He make his life fruitful with his
teaching and he has some hobbies in his life such a reading the novels stories books and
writing the poems and short stories and who is living respectively in the society.
(for red belt children)
B. This profile is about Mr Janardhan, his age is 40 years and his birth date is June 1 st 1983
and his birth place is Koppal and his qualification is M A B.Ed and his occupation is
teacher and his hobbies are reading novels and writing poems.
Given below is the profile Mrs Shravani write a paragraph using the clues given below
Age - 28
birth date - 1/6 /1996
place of birth - Hospet
qualification - MBBS MD
occupation - doctor
hobbies - giving free treatment and reading novels
(for green belt children)
1. This profile is about mistress Shravani. She is one of the most popular doctor in
Hospet she studied higher studies at foreign every now and then she is treating the
patients as her own children he is 28 years young and beautiful doctor. She is born on
1/6 /1996 and her qualification is MBBS and MD with a first rank and she is one of
most popular doctor and her hobbies are giving free treatment with kindly to put
without any expectations and she is reading the novels even in her rest hour.
(for red belt children)
2. This profile is about mistress Shravani her age is 28 years and her birth date is 1/6
/1996 and her birth place is Hospet and her occupation is doctor and her qualification
is MBBS and MD and her hobbies are giving retreatment to food children and reading
novels even in her rest hours

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 Develop the story
Develop the story by using the clues
A Crow – thirsty - search - water - forest – saw - water - bottom - the pot – thought
– put the stones - pot - water - come up - drank - satisfied - flew away
For Green Belt children
A. Once upon a time there was a crow in the forest. It was becoming very thirsty. So it
searched the water everywhere in the forest every now and then for drinking. Finally the
crow saw the water at the bottom of the pot in the forest. It was very happy and it
thought a plan to put the the stones into the pot while the water came up to top of the
pot while the crow was drinking the water and it was satisfied and then it was flying
away very happily.

For red belt children

B. Once upon a time there was a crow and it was thirsty search to the Water in the forest .
Finally saw water at the bottom of the pot. It thought to put the stones into the pot
water came up drank and it satisfied and flew away.

An old woman ----greedy ----a goose lying a golden egg everyday ----sold earned her
livelihood. ------not contented all of a sudden rich-----thought of hundreds of golden eggs
in its stomach -----killed -------got only -----one -----moral.
Ans :

Hungry fox---------- come to vine yard--------- saw grapes hanging---------- jumped many
times----------- could not get------------- give up--------- say, “grapes are sour.”
Ans :

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 Picture description

Study the picture and write a paragraph on it

It is a beautiful picture of a Nature( Park ). There is the sun is rising in the sky there
are clouds in the sky there are some flower plants and trees are in the picture. There is a
dog and the bird is sitting on the branches of the tree. Ramesh and Kiran are playing the
volleyball and there are two persons are sitting on the mat in the park with some fruits and
delicious food and there is a squirrel is climbing up a tree totally the children are enjoying
in the park.

Picture Reading

It is a beautiful Picture of a class room. There is a teacher is teaching the lesson to the
students. There are some students sitting others are discussing with a teacher , there is a
board ,there is a table, there are some benches , there are some books and bags. The
children are wearing the shoes and uniforms there is a door, there is window.

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 Memorizing the poem
There is three poems for memorization but they ask only two poems for
memorization from another one they will ask RC questions and they are giving a choice for
writing the poems
Ex : 1. The quality of Mercy( 14 lines)
The quality of mercy is not strain’d;
It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven
Upon the place beneath. It is twice blest:
It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes.
“Tis mightiest in the mightiest; it becomes
The throned monarch better than his crown.
His sceptre shows the force of temporal power,
The attribute to awe and majesty,
Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kings;
But mercy is above this sceptred sway;
It is enthroned in the heart of kings;
It is an attribute to God himself;
And earthly power doth then show likest God’s
When mercy seasons justice.
2. the blind boy
O say what is that thing call’d light,
Which I must ne’er enjoy.
What are the blessings of the sight,
O tell your poor blind boy!
You talk of wondrous things you see,
You say the sun shines bright;
I feel him warm, but how can he
Or make it day or night?

My day or night or night myself I make

When’ver I sleep or play ,
And Could I ever keep awake
With me ‘twere always day
With heavy sighs I often hear
You mourn my hapless woe;
But sure with patience I can bear
A loss I ne’er can know.

Then let not what I cannot have

My cheer of mind destroy :
Whilst thus I sing, I am a king,
Although a poor blind boy.

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 Grandma climbs a tree poem summary

The poet Ruskin Bond fantastically described about the poem the grandma climbs a
tree. He described about his grandma was genius in climbing up and down a tree. It was her
routine work when she was six years old her loving brother taught her how to climbing up
and down a tree at the age of 6 years up to 6 to 62 years She was climbing up and down a
tree once she climbed up but she never climbed down because she was suffering from the
fever while the poet and his father helped her in climbing down a tree and took her into
their house later the doctor came and checked for body temperature and advised her you
have fever so you must take a week of bed rest but it was very hell to her one day she called
her son and told him that to build a wooden house on the branches of a tree her son was
knowing his duty so he built a wooden house on the branches of a tree then grandma
happily settled on the branches of a tree in her wooden house the poet went up to her
house and discussed and Chatted with her happily and enjoyed both of

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 Write the summary of the poem

Jazz poem Two

Yeah bird Black ancient

Wrinkled face
mariner

Blue shirt
Alto
Jazz becomes dark
saxophone

Roughun Jacket
sheaven Neck tie

The Poet carl Wendall Hines fantastically described about the person Jazz, who was
very black like ancient Mariner Jazz has wrinkled face with a full of wearies, of living he
was wearing the blue colour shirt which turned as black because he never removed the shirt
and he didn’t take bath and his neck tie would become short because he was using it for
washing his sweat he was wearing the jacket inside of the Jacket his stomach was sagging
like a Pumpkin, and wearing torned bottomless shoes, and he has rough & un sheaven face.

Accrossed his chest lies on old alto saxophone supported from his neck by a wire coat
hanger. If he was in dis appointment he began to flute it while he forgot him self as ugliest
man but he felt flying very very high in the sky like a yeah bird when we heard his music we
were also flying very very high in the sky like yeah bird when he stopped music once again
he became back as a black and ugliest person.

In such a way he has great skill of fluting music of alto saxophone he was sent here to
preach the Black Gospel of Jazz.

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 I am the land

Put a fence Muddy holes

around the Lie patient and car lot
earth planet eyes

A chain link Some one

neck lace The land tickles plants
chokes me life
now

People come Children are Fruit flowers

with guns dancing and plants
singing

In the poem I am the land “the poet Marina de Belliganta compared himself as a land.
He expressed the greatness of the land. The land has great patience It is giving us everything
food, oxygen, shelter, birth, cloths but the people are saying that they are the owner of the
land but land is owner of the people we are tilling the land making canels, tunnels, grabbing
the resource from the earth, growing crops, fruits, flowers and vegetables, build the dams,
cities etc, and we are singing, dancing and playing over running and struggling with the
guns and putting the bombs on the earth and making the muddy holes totally we are
polluting the earth and putting the chine like a necklace but the earth never becomes angry
against people and it is wating all our activities with great patient so we should respect earth
and take care about it and heartily we grateful to earth.

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 THE SONG OF INDIA

The poet Mother India

India

Mountains of Lepers and

Himalaya beggars

The three oceans

Filth & Dirt

Sun with golden rays

Wrinkled face
Rock cut
temples &
epics on stone
Indexing
Soldiers of India who Ignorance
scarificed their life

Social evils

Dams and lakes

Illiteracy
Seers and prophets

Old & bad

Steel mills ship traditions
building yards

Technologist
&Scientiests

Formers and
atomic age

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 In the poem the song of India The poet V,K Gokak finely described the conversation
of mother India and the poet was requesting to mother India shall I sing a song about the tree
oceans were purifying your feet and mountains of Himalayas and the golden rays of the sun.
Rock cut temples, tradition, culture and the great epics on the stone were written and shall I
sing of Indian soldiers who gave their life for our mother India and shall I sing a song about
the prophets, saints and swamiji’s who teach us to live in a correct way and continuously.
He is requesting to mother India shall I sing a song about the dams, lakes, streams and rivers
of India and shall I sing song about the farmers, scientists, technologists. They make you in
the page of the atomic age shall I sing a song about the three oceans are surrounding you and
shall I sing a song about the creatures, animals, birds, green grass and holy places of India
but mother India replied him that you don’t sing a song about such things if you want to sing
just you will sing a song about the refugees, the beggars and lepers of India and sing a song
about the dirtyness and filth, the bad traditions, customs and illiteracy and unemployment
poorness and ignorant of India because when our people hear the song of these things while
they can change their life style and they become be good and do good.

Unseen paragraph
Mahatma Gandhiji was born on October 2 in 1869 at Porbandar in Gujarat and his
parents were Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and Putlibai. He married kasthuribai at his
earliest life and he struggled against the Britishers for the sake of freedom finally India got
freedom on August 15th in 1947 by the effort of Gandhiji

Q. 1. When was Gandhiji born and who were his parents?

2. Why did Gandhiji struggle against the Britishers?
Edit the paragraph
Suma sing a song on Bangalore yesterday but she participated in a competition of sa
ri ga ma pa and she was selected by them
A. Verbal mistake to be recorrected (find out only verbs)
B. Preposition to be recorrected (find out only preposition)
C. Capital letters to be recorrected ( find out nouns only )
D. Conjunctions to be recorrected ( find out conjunctions only )
E. Articles to be recorrected ( find out the articles )

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 Essay writing
A) Covid 19 B) Television C) importance of yoga

There are four steps in essay writing such are

1. Introduction
2. Advantages
3. Disadvantages
4. Conclusion

Covid 19
Introduction:- covid-19 is one of the dangerous disease which is spreading by the virus one
by one and which was born or appeared in China and it switched off the world for some
days also.

Advantages:- This disease helped us in knowing the value of social contradictions and
relations and value of villages and Agriculture because during the lock down every people
returned from abroad to their villages and they were completely involving in agriculture and
spending their precious time with their relations, friends and parents, sitting with them and
eating and enjoying with them.

Disadvantages:- The large number of people were died in this disease because at that time
we had scarcity of medicines, bed, Oxygen and money also, anybody couldn’t come to
attend the funeral of covid patients in this way Corona played the bad role and affected on
the human beings

Conclusion:- For preventing of this disease we should maintain the social distance using
sanitizer to our hands and using the mask totally covid-19 taught us the money is not
important but the health is important and we are knowing the value of trees and oxygen

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 Television
Introduction:- Television is one the mass media television is invented by JL bride which is
giving us entertainment programs and educational and knowledgeable programs to us
Advantages:- Television is giving us general awareness which is giving us educational and
entertainment programs simultaneously television is telecasting the educational programs
throughout States or country we have got the idea about the medically social and literally
programs from television and we are knowing the development of country new ethics and
moral stories and current affairs
Disadvantages:- Television is highly affected on society and children today the children’s
are the are saw the uncultured programs and imitates them during the examination
television is affected on Children and it prevent percentage the large number of the women
or addicted to serials everyday they must watch they favourable serial with neglecting the
other thing the children have eyesight problem by watching the television
Conclusion:- so the television has positive and negative thought we should accept only the
positive and educational social and literal programs from it and we should watch television
for our necessity only..

Tense-PÁ®
1. Present tense - ªÀvÀðªÀiÁ£À PÁ®
2. Past tense - ¨sÀÆvÀPÁ®
3. Future tense - ¨sÀ«µÀåvï PÁ®

Present tense
a. Simple present tense - ¸ÁzsÁ ªÀvÀðªÀiÁ£À PÁ®
b. Present continuous tense - ªÀÄÄAzÀĪÀgÉzÀ ªÀvÀðªÀiÁ£À PÁ®
c. Present prefect tense - ¥ÀÆtðªÀvÀðªÀiÁ£À PÁ®
d. Present prefect continuous tense - ªÀÄÄAzÀĪÀgÉzÀ ¥ÀÆtð ªÀvÀðªÀiÁ£À PÁ®

Past tense
a. Simple past tense - ¸ÁzÁ ¨sÀÆvÀPÁ®
b. Past continuous tense - ªÀÄÄAzÀĪÀgÉzÀ ¨sÀÆvÀPÁ®
c. Past prefect tense - ¥ÀÆtð ¨sÀÆvÀPÁ®
d. Past prefect continuous tense - ªÀÄÄAzÀĪÀgÉzÀ ¥ÀÆtð ¨sÀÆvÀPÁ®

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 Future tense
a. Simple future tense - ¸ÁzÁ ¨sÀ«µÀåvïPÁ®
b. future continuous tense - ªÀÄÄAzÀĪÀgÉzÀ ¨sÀ«µÀåvïPÁ®
c. future prefect tense - ¥ÀÆtð ¨sÀ«µÀåvïPÁ®
d. future prefect continuous tense - ªÀÄÄAzÀĪÀgÉzÀ ¥ÀÆtð ¨sÀ«µÀåvïPÁ®

Present tense
a Simple present tense By using ’s form to the main verb before noun or
pronoun is called as Simple present tense
Ex He writes a letter –

She sings a song

It runs fast CzÀÄ ªÉÃUÀªÁV NqÀÄvÀÛzÉ.

I speak Kannada £Á£ÀÄ PÀ£ÀßqÀ ªÀiÁvÀ£ÁqÀÄvÉÛ£É.

They drink tea CªÀgÀÄ ZÀºÁ PÀÄrAiÀÄÄvÁÛgÉ.

She reads a story CªÀ¼ÀÄ MAzÀÄ PÀvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß NzÀÄvÁÛ¼É.

Rama writes grammar gÁªÀÄ£ÀÄ ªÁåPÀgÀtªÀ£ÀÄß §gÉAiÀÄÄvÁÛ£É

They learn English CªÀgÀÄ EAVèÃµï £ÀÄß PÀ°AiÀÄÄvÁÛgÉ.

b Present continuous tense By adding ‘ing’ to the main verb with the help of
‘to be’ forms is call as present continuous tense am is are
Ex
I am eating
He is singing
She is drinking
We are playing vÉÛªÉ
They are reading
You are coming
It is running
The stars are shining £ÀóPÀëvÀæUÀ¼ÄÀ ºÉƼÉAiÀÄÄvÁÛ EgÀÄvÀÛªÉ.

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 The boys are playing cricket ºÀÄqÀÄUÀgÀÄ QæPÉmï £ÀÄß DqÀÄvÁÛ EgÀÄvÁÛgÉ.
The children are playing ªÀÄPÀ̼ÀÄ DqÀÄvÁÛ EgÀÄvÁÛg.É
I am reading a book £Á£ÀÄ MAzÀÄ ¥ÀĸÀÛPÀªÀ£ÀÄß NzÀÄvÁÛ EgÀÄvÉÛ£É
We are speaking English
Suma is singing a song
Rama is eating fruit

c Present prefect tense By using the past participle of the main verb with

the help of has and have is called as a Present prefect tense

Ex

I have written

He has spoken

She has sung –

It has run

We have come

They have played

They have gone to Bengalore.

Rama has drunk water

They have seen a drama

I have gone to school

You have played cricket

The stars have shone in the sky

He has fought for the freedom

The boys have played cricket in the ground

The people have seen a drama in the fair

£ÉÆÃ

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Present perfect continuous tense By adding ‘ing’ to the main verb with the
help of has and have and Been is called as present perfect continuous tense

Ex
I have been eating –
Rama has been reading –

It has been coming –

She has been singing –
Kamala has been washing the clothes
The people have been going to city
I have been reading a book
The students have been studying well
The children have been sitting under the tree

S P I read a book
P C I am reading a book
P P I have read a book
P P C I have been reading a book
S P she drinks tea
P C she is drinking tea
P P she has drunk tea
P P C she has been drinking tea

PAST TENS
Simple past tense By using the past form of the main verb before noun or
pronoun is called as simple past tense.
Ex
I wrote
She Sang
He came

It ran

The boys drunk

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 The people Saw a movie

The cattle grassed in the forest

She sang a song
He told a story
He ate a fruit
It drank water
Kamala washed clothes
She sold the fruits
I bought the books
It ran fast

Past continuous tense By adding ‘ ing’ to the main verb with the help of to
have forms before noun or pronoun is called as fast continuous tense

Ex

It was going
He was reading
It was running
They were speaking
The cattle were grazing
The parrots were eating the fruits
The stars were Shining In The Sky
Boys were playing in the ground
Rama was reading a book under the tree
She was singing a song

I was buying fruits in the market

Past perfect tense By using the past participle of the main verb with the help
of had is called as past perfect tense

Ex

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 I had eaten
We had Sung
He had Run
She had spoken
It had gone slowly
They had spoken Kannada
The people had seen a drama
Kamala had washed the clothes
The children had a played cricket in the ground
The cattle had drunk water in the river

Past perfect continuous tense by using ING to the main verb with the help of

had and been is called as past perfect continuous tense

Ex

I had been going

We had been eating

He had been drinking

She had been cleaning

The birds had been flying in the sky

He had been eating a fruit in the forest
The children had been going to the school happily
The tiger had been roaring in the forest

Future tense
Simple future tense By using the main verb with the help of shall and will is
called as simple future tense

Ex

I shall go
We shall drink

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 She will sing
He will eat
I shall go to the shop
The king will hunter tiger
The peon will ring the bell
We Shall go to the trip
They will read a book
The people will see a drama
It will eat a fruit in the forest
He will sing a song in the function

Future continuous tense By using ing to the main verb with the help of shall
and will and be is called as future continuous tense
Ex
I shall be going
We shall we coming
She will be singing
It will be eating
They will be eating
I shall be writing a letter
The children will be playing Cricket in the ground
Kamla will be washing the clothes in the river
The boys will be watching the cattle
I shall be writing a letter
We shall be going to koppal
The river will be flowing in the cost.

Future perfect tense By using the past participle of the main verb with the
help of Shall and will have is called future prefect tense
Ex
I shall have gone

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 We shall have written
He will have sung
She will have washed
They will have read
The sun will have risen in the East
The river will have flowed
The children will have studied
I shall have written a letter
The Lion will have roared loudly in the forest
She will have washed the clothes cleanly in the river
The children will have played cricket in the ground happily

Future perfect continuous tense By using to the main verb with the help of
Shall will and have and been is called future perfect continuous tense
Ex
I shall have been going
We shall have been drinking
We shall have been sleeping
She will have been reading
They will have been writing
I shall have been reading a novel
The children will have been learning grammar
The farmers will have been harvesting in the summer
The rain will have been falling loudly
The stars will have been shining brightly in the sky
The children will have been playing Cricket in the ground happily

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 Active and passive voice
A. V P V

I me
He him
She her
They them
You you
It it
We us
I Simple present tense is are
A. V s v o

P V o v s

She drinks tea

Tea is drunk by her
He sings the songs
The songs are sung by him
I write a letter

A letter is written by me
They eat a fruit
A fruit is eaten by them
Sudha washes the clothes

The clothes are washed by Sudha

II Present continuous tense is being are being
I am reading a story
A story is being read by me
He is speaking Kannada
Kannada is being spoken by him
They are playing hockey

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 Hockey is being played by them
Vani is washing the clothes
The clothes are being washed by Vani
She is singing a song
A song is being sung by her
III Present perfect tense has been have been
I have written a book
A book has been written by me
She has spoken English
English has been spoken by her
They have eaten the fruits
The fruits have been eaten by them
IV Simple past tense was were
I ate mangoes
Mangoes were eaten by me
we drink milk
Milk was drank by us
she is sang the songs
The songs were sung by her
They spoke English
English was spoken by them
V Past continuous tense was being were being
I was eating a fruit
A fruit was being eaten by me
They were writing the novels
The novels were being written by them
we are speaking French
French was being spoken by us
he was drinking milk
Milk was being drunk by him
VI Past perfect tense had been

I had written the books

The books had been written by me
They had sung a song
aAsong had been sung by them
we had played cricket

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 Cricket had been played by us
VII Simple future tense will have

I shall eat a mango

A mango will be eaten by me
We shall drinks tea
Tea will be drunk by us
He will get prizes
The prizes will be got by him
She will bring the clothes
The clothes will be bought by her
VIII Future perfect tense will have been

I shall have eaten a bun

A bun will have been eaten by me
We shall have spoken Kannada
Kannada will have been spoken by us
He will have drunk water
Water will have been drunk by him

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 Conjugations
Present form Past form Past participle
Am Was Been
Are Were Been
Become Became Become
Break Broke Broken
Bite Bit Bitten
Bless Blessed Blessed
Choose Chose Chosen
Clean Cleaned Cleaned
Cover Covered Covered
Cry cried cried
Cut Cut Cut
Close Closed Closed
Climb Climbed Climbed
Drive Drove Driven
Dance Danced Danced
Dress Dressed Dressed
Dash dashed dashed
Drink Drank Drunk
Do Did Done
Eat Ate Eaten
is was Been
Forget Forgot Forgotten
Fly Flew Flown
Fall Fell Fallen
Feel Felt Felt
Flow Flowed Flowed
Find Found Found
Get Got Got
Grow Grew Grown
Give Gave Given
Go Went Gone
Hide Hid Hidden
Hit Hit Hit
Has Had Had
Have Had Had
Know Knew Known
Keep Kept Kept
Knowledge Knowledged Knowledged
Learn Learnt Learnt
Make Made Made
Open Opened Opened

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 Play Played Played
Put Put Put
Run Ran Ran
peep peeped peeped
Ride Rode Ridden
Rise Rose Risen
Read Read Read
Roar Roared Roared
Ring Rang Rung
Speak Spoke Spoken
Steal Stole Stolen
See Saw Seen
Shake Shook Shaken
Sleep Slept Slept
Sit Sat Sat
Swim Swam Swum
Shine Shone Shone
Sing Sang Sung
Shout Shouted Shouted
Stay Stayed Stayed
Screech Screeched Screeched
Shut Shut Shut
Set Set Set
Stand Stood Stood
Select Selected Selected
Shoot Shot Shot
Show Showed Showed
Remove Removed Removed
Take Took Taken
Turn Turned Turned
Thron Throned Throned
Teach Taught Taught
Think Thought Thought
Travel Travelled Travelled
Wake Woke Woken
Wear wore worn
Write Wrote Written
Wash Washed Washed
Warm warmed warmed

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 Sentence

Sentence is a group of words which gives completed sense

Ex I eat a fruit

There are four types in sentence.

a Assertive sentence
b Interrogative sentence –
c Imperative sentence
d Exclamatory sentence
a. Assertive sentence simple statements are called assertive sentence
Ex
I am going
They are speaking
sun is rising
children are playing
Rose is red
we are going
b. Interrogative sentence questions are called as interrogative sentence
Ex
Where are you going
Why are you come late
What is your name
Shall I drink tea
Are you come
c. Imperative sentence which denotes only order and request
Ex
Shut the door
takes your books and get out of the classroom
ring the Bell
please give me some food
please give me a pen

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d. Exclamatory sentence which shows sudden feelings or poweful feelings

Ex
Alas He fell off
Oh what a beautiful temple it is
Hurrah India won against Pak

Direct and indirect Speech

Sl No Direct Indirect
I He – She
We They
You He She They
Me Him His Her
Mine Him Her His
Your Him Her His Their
This That
These Those
Now Then
Here There
Is Was
Am Was
Are Were
Have
Had
Has-
Today That day
Tomorrow The Next day
Yesterday The day before Previous day

Give Gave
Can Could
Will Would

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Assertive sentence
Ex:-
1. Suma said, “ I am eating a fruit “.
Suma said that she was eating a fruit
2. Rama said to Ravi, “we are playing hockey now.”
Rama told Ravi that they were playing hockey then
3. Suma said , “I am singing a song today.”
Suma said that she were singing a song that day
4. The boys said to father, “we are going to school tomorrow.”
The boys told father that they were going to school the next day

Interrogative sentence
1. Rama said Suma, “why are you coming late?”
Rama asked Suma why she was coming late?
2. the boy said to his friends, “are you drinking tea?”
The boy asked his friends if they were drinking tea?
3. Suma said to Sudha, “can you drink milk?"
Suma asked Sudha if she could drink milk?
4. The teacher said to students, “what are you doing?”
The teacher asked a student what they were doing?.
5. The father said to son, “Will you go to temple?”
They father asked his son if he would go to temple.
6. The girl said to boy, “what are you writing?”
The girl asked boy what he was writing ?.
Imperative sentence
1. The beggar said to women, “please give me food”.
The beggar requested woman to give him food
2. The teachers said to the boy, “shut the door “.
The teacher order the boy to shut the door

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 3. The boys said to his father, “please give me some money”
The boy requested his father to give him some money
4. The king said to guard, “go outside of the place”
The king ordered guard to go outside of the place
5. The teacher said to peon, “ring the bell”
The teacher ordered the peon to bring the bell

Exclamatory sentence
1. Suma said “what! a cruel animal the tiger is”.
Suma exclaimed that the tiger was cruel animal
2. Rama said oh!, “ what a beautiful flower it is”
Rama exclaimed that it was a beautiful flower
3. the boy said oh!, “what a cute animal the rabbit is”
the boy exclaimed that the rabbit was a cute animal
1. We shall go - shan’t we?

“There’s a girl by the tracks!” (RC questions)

Read each of the following extract questions and answers,

1. “There’s a girl by the tracks!”
A. Who is the speaker?
Answer: travellers voice
B. Who is the ‘girl’ referred here?
Answer: Roma Talreja
C. Why was she by the tracks?
Answer: She was pulled down from train.
2. “Let’s go and help her”.
a. What happened there?
Answer: There was a girl by the tracks.
b. Why did they have to help?
Answer: She had fallen from the train.
c. Who should go there?

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Answer: Passengers of the train
3. “Take the girl to Airoli”, suggested the cop, “there’s a hospital there”. But Baleshwar
disagreed.
A. Who is the girl here?
Answer: Roma Talreja.
B.Why did Baleshwar disagree to his suggestion?
Answer: Because Airoli was at least 10 kilo meters away and he knew a nearer hospital than
that. She needed treatment immediately.
C) What did he do then?
Answer: He took her to a nearby hospital to give first aid.
4. “Oh, I couldn’t thank him,”
A) Who was not thanked?
Answer: Baleshwar Mishra could not thank the tempo-truck driver.
B) Why should he thank him?]
Answer: Because the tempo-truck driver helped Baleshwar to take Roma Talreja to the
hospital. He did all the necessary help to rescue Roma.
C) Why couldn’t he thank him?
Answer: Because the tempo-truck driver slipped from the hospital having done all he could.
5. “I can never repay Baleshwar”.
a. Who is Baleshwar?
Answer: Baleshwar is a young man who helped Roma.
b. Why can’t she repay?
Answer: Baleshwar has done a great deed. He saved her life from dying.
c. When did the speaker make the statement?
Answer: When she came to know about Baleshwar’s help.
6. “I can’t imagine what would have happened if Baleshwar hadn’t been there.”
a. Why was Baleshwar there?
Answer: To help Roma
b. When was this statement made?
Answer: When she was recovered and knowing about help.
c. What would have happened if he had not come there?

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Answer: If Baleshwar had not come forward to help Roma, she would have bled to death.
7. “I hope I am not too late.”
a. Who does ‘I’ refer here?
Answer: Baleshwar Mishra
b. Why did he hope so?
Answer: He knew she was hurt badly and wished he could help her.
c. What did he do? Answer: He carried her to the roadside and shifted her to the nearby
hospital.
8. “Chacha, can I borrow your mobile?”
a. Who wanted the mobile?
Answer: Baleshwar Mishra
b. Who is the ‘Chacha’ here?
Answer: Tempo - Truck driver
c. Why did he want the mobile?
Answer: To inform Roma’s family about her accident.
9. “There is a Girl by the Tracks” the voices cried out.
a. Who is the girl mentioned here?
Answer: Roma Talreja is the girl referred here.
b. Whose voices were these?
Answer: These were the voices of the people from the opposite train.
c. Why did the voices cry out?
Answer: The people saw Roma Talreja falling from the train on the tracks.
10. “Please help me take her to a hospital.”
a. Who is the speaker?
Answer: Baleshwar Mishra
b. Who does ‘her’ refer to?
Answer: Roma Talreja
c. Why did he take her to the hospital?
Answer: She was unconscious due to the fall and badly hurt. So, he took her to the hospital.
11. “My sister is injured, please help me take her to a hospital, but no one stopped.”

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a. Who does ‘sister’ refer to here?
Answer: ‘sister’ refers to Roma Talreja
b. Who requested here so?
Answer: Baleshwar Mishra
c. Who does ‘no one’ refers to here?
Answer: ‘No one’ refers to the motorists on the road.
12. “Behanji aap theek hai?” he asked.
a. Who does behanji refer to here?
Answer: Behanji refers to Roma Talreja.
b. Who is the speaker?
Answer: Baleshwar Mishra
c. Why was there no response?
Answer: Because Roma was injured seriously and fell on the tracks unconsciously.
13. “Whom can I call? He asked quickly, fearing that she would black out once more.”
a. Who does ‘I’ refer to?
Answer: Baleshwar Mishra
b. What did the listener answer?
Answer: Dinesh Telreja
c. What do you mean by ‘black out’ here?
Answer: ‘Black out’ means become unconscious.

Ballad of the Tempest (RC questions)

1. ‘We were crowded in the cabin, not a soul would dare to sleep’
a. Who wrote the Ballad of Tempest?
Ans: James T Fields.
b. Who does the word ‘we’ refer to here?
Ans.: ‘We’ refer to the sailors.
c. Not a soul would dare to sleep-why was it so?
Ans.: Because the sailors were afraid that the storm would destroy the ship and their lives.
2. “T is a fearful thing in winter’ To be shattered by the blast”
a. What is a ‘fearful thing’?

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Ans.: To be caught in a fierce storm at sea in winter is the fearful thing.
b. How did it affect the sailors?
Ans.: The sailors were crowded together in a cabin in fear, could not sleep and saying a silent
prayer in the dark.
c. What does `shatter` mean in the context?
Ans.: to break apart
3. “We are lost!” the captain shouted
a. Who made this shout?
Ans.: The captain
b. Why did the captain say this?
Ans.: The storm was very fierce and the captain feared that the ship would be torn apart any
moment.
c. How did his daughter react to the situation?
Ans .: His daughter remained calm. Holding her father’s hand, she asked if God could
protect them on land would he not protect them on sea.
4. “Then we kissed the little maiden and we spoke in better cheer”
a. Who does “we” refer to ?
Ans.: The sailors
b. Who was the little maiden?
Ans.: The little maiden was the captain’s daughter.
c. Why did they kiss her?
Ans.: The little girl brought back hope to the sailors by saying that God would protect them.
So, they kissed her.
5. “Isn’t God upon the ocean, Just the same as on the land?”
a. Who asked this quotation?
Ans.: The captain`s daughter
b. When did the speaker say these words?
Ans.: When the captain feared the ship was caught in the storm, he shouted we are lost!’ then
the captain’s daughter said these words.
c. What do these words show the attitude of the speaker?
Ans.: Faith in God.

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 Extracts

Read the following extracts and answer the questions that follow:
1)“It took months of negotiation to come to an understanding with the old man.”
a) Who is the old man here?
Don Anselmo
b) Who did the old man negotiated with?
The old man negotiated with the Americans.
c)What were the terms of negotiation?
The old man had agreed to sell his house and land to the Americans for twelve
hundred dollars.
2)”They are good people and they are willing to pay you for the additional land as
well.You will get almost twice as much”
a)Who are the good people referred here?
The Americans are referred to as good people.
b) Who calls them good people?
The author Juan A.A.Sedillo calls them so.
c)Why are they offering twice the amount?
The Americans found that Anselmo owned more than eight acres of land almost double of
what was mentioned in the deed.
3) ”I know these Americans are good people”
a) Who is the speaker? and why does he call them good people?
Ans :Don Anselmo is the speaker and he calls the Americans good people as he was a
gentle man.
b) What did he sell them and how much did he offer?
Ans: The old man Anselmo sold them his house and land for twelve hundred dollars.
c) Why did he feel insulted? Who insulted him?
Ans: The author and the Americans offered twice the amount as in the deed. But
Anselmo was an honest and a gentleman. He did not want more than the deed amount.
So, he felt insulted.
4) ”Finally he signed the deed and took the money but refused to take more than the
amount agreed upon.”
a) Who argued with whom?
the author argued with the old man Don Anselmo.
b) What was argued with him?
He argued with him to take the extra amount for the extra land possessed by
Anselmo
c) Why did he refuse to take the extra amount?
Anselmo was an honest and a gentle man of Rio En Medio. He was a man of principles.

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5) “One day they came back to the office to complain. The children of the village were
overrunning their property”
a) Who complained to the office?
The Americans complained to the office.
b) What was their complaint?
Their complaint was that the Children of Rio en Medio were over running their
property.
c) What is the property referred here?
The property refers to the land purchased by the Americans
6) ”They are good people and want to be your good neighbor’s always.”
a) Who said these words? Who are called good people here?
The author called the Americans good people.
b) Who is he speaking to? Why does he speak so?
He is speaking to Anselmo. Because he wants Anselmo to avoid the children of Rio en
Medio overrunning their orchard.
c) Who are the neighbours referred here?
The Americans
7) ”This was bad, Don Anselmo, I pleaded”
a)Who said this?
The author said this
b)To whom it was said?
To Don Anselmo.
c)Why did he say so?
Because He said that he did not sell the trees on the orchard. This was bad according
to law.
8) ”I have planted a tree for that child. The trees in that orchard are not mine, they belong
to the children of the village.”
a) Who planted trees?
Don Anselmo planted trees for the children of Rio en Medio
b) Why did he plant trees?
Because he loved the children as well as the trees.
c) Why did not the trees belong to him?
Because the children of Rio en Medio were the real owners of the village.

The Discovery
1. ”There are limits to patience, sir”
A. Who lost his patience?
Diego lost his patience.
B. Who is he speaking to?
Diego is speaking to Pedro.
C. Why did speak so?
He lost his patience and wanted to go back to Spain.

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2.”Why should one man have the lives of fifty in his hands?”
A. Who said these words to whom?
Diego said these words to Pedro.
B. What does the speaker mean?
The speaker means that the seamen are forced against their incapacity.
C. Who had the lives of fifty in his hands?
Columbus had the lives of fifty in his hands.

3. ” I hope we are not entertaining mutinous thoughts,

Diego.”
A. Who did not entertain mutinous thoughts?
Pedro did not entertain mutinous thoughts.
B. Who said this?
Pedro said this to Diego.
C. Why did he say so?
Because, he had lost his patience.

4.” They are simple men and must have their relaxation”
A. Who does „they‟ refer to?
‟They‟ refers to the seamen
B. What were they doing for relaxation?
They were singing for relaxation.
C. Who is the captain? What were his visions?
Columbus is the captain. His vision was to discover the New World America."

5.“I do not claim your confidence, sir.”

A. Who do “I “refer to?
‘I’ refer to Pedro.
B. Who is the ’sir‘here?
Columbus is the’sir‘ here
C. What was he confident in?
He was his confident in his discovery.

6. ”The Santa Maria will be the lighter for his carcass.”

A) Who said this? Who reported it to Columbus?
Francisco said this. Pepe reported it to Columbus.
B. What is the Santa Maria?
The Santa Maria is the ship that Columbus was on to discover the New
World.
C. Why did he say so?

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 Because he was discontented with the voyage. He was home sick.

7. ”Discipline is a thing of the past, sir. It‘s you or us.”

A. Who is the speaker?
Francisco is the speaker.
B. Who is he speaking to?
He is speaking to Columbus.
C .Why is he speaking so?
He is speaking so, because he was discontented with the voyage. He was home sick.
8. “And who‘s to put him in irons? We are thirty to one.”
A. Who asked this question?
Guillermo asked this question.
B. Why would he put him in irons?
Because they were against Columbus. They were rebellious on Columbus.
C. Whom does „thirty to one refer to?
Sailors.
9. “We want our homes and our families.”
A. Who said this?
Guillermo said this to Columbus.
B. What were his feelings?
He was against Columbus. He was rebellious on Columbus
C. Who is he speaking to?
He is speaking to Columbus.
10“Your best cannot be bettered.”
A. Whose best cannot be bettered?
Francisco’s best cannot be bettered.
B. Why did the speaker say so?
Because he lost his self-confidence.
C. What is the meaning of the statement?
This means that when one reaches the level of being best, he can never improve.
11”A good sailor knows his place”.
A .To whom it was said?
It was said to Diego.
B. What does it mean?
Columbus wanted to point out to Diego that he had no right to be on the quarter deck. It
is an indirect command.
C. What was „Diego’s reaction?
Diego tried to suppress his anger and with a scowl goes off from there.
12.“Discipline knows no buts”
A.Who said these words?

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 Columbus said these words to Francisco.
B.Whom did he say these words to?
He asked Francisco to bring Guillermo Ires to him for speaking against him.
C.What did Columbus mean to say by these words?
Columbus meant that one should not hesitate to enforce discipline.
14. “Mutiny is an ugly word, Sir”
A. Why did the speaker say these words?
When Pedro asked Diego whether he was thinking of rebelling against Columbus,
he said so.
B. In what way the word is ugly?
The word is ugly because Mutiny‟ is a deed which leads to destruction.
C. Who is the sir here?
Pedro is the “sir‟ her
Colours of Silence
Answer the following in 8-10 sentences
1. Satish Gujral became a great artist‘, support this statement mentioning a few of his
achievements. OR
Physical disability is no barrier to success to Satish. Justify.
Sathish Gujral is among the foremost artists of India. Satish Gujral is accomplished
in several art forms like painting, sculpture, architecture and writing. Exhibitions of his
works were held in prestigious museums like Museum of modern Art, New York, the
Hiroshima collection. Washington and the National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi.
He has published four books of his works in the various arts. He was awarded the order
of the crown for the best architectural design of the 20th century for his design of the
Belgian Embassy in New Delhi. He has also been honored with the Padma Vibhushan.
2 .Satish‘s parents were both his well-wishers. But each cared for him in a
different way. How?
Satish’s father was optimistic and hoped that Satish’s hearing would come back. Instead
of wasting time on drawing, he wanted Satish to study.
Satish’s mother did not have the hope that he would recover. She was happy that her son
had found good pass time in drawing and she did not want to stop him.
3. How was the accident a turning point in Sathish‘s life? Discuss briefly and justify
your answer.
Satish met with an accident and lost his sense of hearing and was also sick for long
time. He could not go school. His father was more interested in sending his son to school
to get him educated. In the beginning he was not happy with his son’s paintings. But as
he was deaf for life, he could not attend the normal school, so he began to paint to pass
his time. But later, when his father encouraged his son’s talent and nurtured it, he became
a great artist of India. If not for this accident he would have got the chance of painting
and he would not have become a great artist.

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